INTRODUCTION

This book is based on our experience over the past few

years. This material covers extensively the fundamental
principles and concepts involved, solved problems which
highlight the application of these concepts, exercises and
assignments for practice by the students.

In order to get maximum benefit from this material, ‘word of

Advice’ given overleaf has to be carefully followed.

The book besides IITJEE will also prove useful to students

for other Engineering examinations as well as their school
curriculum.

Wishing you all success.

 A WORD OF ADVICE

 Try to do the solved problems and exercises given, after

completion of related topics in the chapter. Attempt the
assignments.

 The purpose of the assignments is to give you a practice in

solving various levels and varieties of problems. Each problem
has some important concept which it highlights. When you do a
problem from an assignment, make sure that you have completed
the study material, have committed the formulae to your memory
and have solved the solved problems (most of them on your own
before seeing the solution). Do not open the study material to
refer to formulae/theoretical concepts while doing the
assignment problems unless it is absolutely essential to do so.

 Do full justice to the exercises and assignment problems. Even

if you do not get the answer to a problem, keep trying on your
own and only approach your friends or teachers after making lot
of attempts.

 Do not look at the answer and try to work backwards. This would
defeat the purpose of doing the problem. Remember the purpose
of doing an assignment problem is not simply to get the answer
(it is only evidence that you solved it correctly) but to develop
your ability to think. Try to introduce twists and turns in given
problem to create similar problems.
 ABOUT THE CHAPTER

As the eccentricity of a conic section exceeds unity, it unfolds on both

sides and opens up in the shape of a hyperbola. As a result, many new
features emerge in the shape of its conjugate and asymptotes which
require special attention in the study of hyperbola. The rectangular
hyperbola can be very simply represented in a parametric form. It is
advisable that this fact should always be kept in the fore while solving
problems on and related to rectangular hyperbola.
 CONTENT

JEE Syllabus …1
Definition …1
Standard Equation …1
Relation between Focal Distances …2
Parametric Coordinates …2
Solved Problems …6
Subjective …6
Objective …6
Exercise - 1 …7
Conjugate Hyperbola …8
Asymptote …9
Solved Problems …10
Subjective …10
Objective …11
Exercise - 2 …12
Rectangular Hyperbola …12
Intersection of a Circle and a Rectangular Hyperbola …14
Solved Problems …15
Subjective …15
Objective …16
Exercise - 3 …17
Miscellaneous Solved Problems …18
Subjective …18
Objective …21
Answers to Exercises …24
Formulae & Concepts at a Glance …25
Chapter Practice Problems …26
Subjective …26
Objective …26
Assignments …28
Section-I …28
Section-II …30
Section-III …36
Answers to CPP and Assignments …38
HYPERBOLA
Syllabus
Equation of hyperbola, standard form, foci, directrix and
eccentricity, parametric equations, equation of tangents and
normals, asymptotes, rectangular hyperbola.

Definitions
A hyperbola is the locus of a point which moves so that its distance from a fixed point (focus) bears to its
distance from a fixed straight line (directrix) a constant ratio (eccentricity) which is greater than unity.
y
Standard Equation M
M P
Let S be the focus and ZM the directrix of a hyperbola.
B
Since e > 1, we can divide SZ internally and externally in the ratio
A A
e : 1; let the points of division be A and A respectively as in the
C S x
figure. Let AA = 2a and be bisected at C. Then, SA = e. AZ, SA = S Z Z
e. ZA
 SA + SA = e(AZ + ZA) = 2ae B
i.e., 2SC = 2ae or SC = ae.
Similarly by subtraction, SA - SA
= e(ZA - ZA) = 2e.ZC  2a = 2eZC  ZC = a/e.
Now, take C as the origin, CS as the x-axis, and the perpendicular line CY as the y-axis. Then, S is the
point (ae, 0) and ZM the line x = a/e. Let P(x, y) be any point on the hyperbola. Then the condition
PS2 = e2. (distance of P from ZM)2 gives (x - ae)2 + y2 = e2 (x - a/e)2 or x2(1 - e)2 + y2 = a2(1 - e2)
x2 y2
i.e. 2   1. …. (i)
a 
a2 e2  1 
2 2 2 2 x2 y2
Since e>1, e -1 is positive. Let a (e -1) = b . Then the equation (i) becomes  1.
a2 b2
x2 y 2  b2 
The eccentricity e of the hyperbola 2  2  1 is given by the relation e2   1  2  .
a b  a 

Since the curve is symmetrical about the y - axis, it is clear that there exists another focus S at (-ae, 0)
and a corresponding directrix ZM with the equation x = -a/e, such that the same hyperbola is described
if a point moves so that its distance from S is e times its distance from ZM.
 The points A and A where the straight line joining the two foci cuts the hyperbola are called the
vertices of the hyperbola.
 The straight line joining the vertices is called the transverse axis of the hyperbola, its length AA
is 2a.

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 The middle point C of AA possesses the property that it bisects every chord of the hyperbola
passing through it. It can be proved by taking P(x 1, y1) as any point on the hyperbola. If (x 1, y1)
lies on the hyperbola then so does P(-x1, -y1) because the hyperbola is symmetrical about the x
and the y axes. Therefore PP is a chord whose middle point is (0, 0), i.e. the origin C. On
account of this property the middle point of the straight line joining the vertices of the hyperbola
is called the centre of the hyperbola.
 The straight line through the centre of a hyperbola which is perpendicular to the transverse axis
does not meet the hyperbola in real points. If B and B be the points on this line such that
BC= CB = b, the line BB is called the conjugate axis.
 A latus rectum is the chord through a focus at right angle to the transverse axis.
 The length of the semi - latus rectum can be obtained by putting x = ae in the equation of the
a2 e2
hyperbola. Thus y  b  1  b e2  1  b.b / a  b2 / a .
a2

Relation between Focal Distances

The difference of the focal distances of a point on the y
M
hyperbola is constant. PM and PM are perpendiculars to the M P

directrices MZ and MZ and PS – PS = e(PM – PM)

= eMM = e(2a/e) = 2a = constant.
S Z C Z S x

Another Definition of Hyperbola

A hyperbola can be defined in another way; Locus of a moving point such that the difference of its
distances from two fixed points is constant, would be a hyperbola.
y
Relative Position of a Point with respect to the Hyperbola
Interior Exterior region
Interior
x12 y12 region
region
The quantity   1 is positive, zero or negative, according x
a2 b2 O
as the point (x1, y1) lies within, upon or outside the curve.

Parametric Coordinates
We can express the coordinates of a point of the hyperbola y
P
x2 y 2
  1 in terms of a single parameter, say .
a2 b2 N
a 
In the adjacent figure OM = a sec  and PM = b tan . Thus any point  x
O M
on the curve, in parametric form is x = a sec, y = b tan.
In other words, (a sec, b tan) is a point on the hyperbola for all 2
x +y = a
2 2

values of . The point (a sec, b tan) is briefly called the point ''.

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Important Properties of Hyperbola
Since the fundamental equation of the hyperbola only differs from that of the ellipse in having -b2 instead
of b2, it will be found that many propositions for the hyperbola are derived from those for the ellipse by
x2 y 2
changing sign of b2. Some results for the hyperbola 2  2  1 are
a b
xx yy
 The tangent at any point (x 1, y1) on the curve is 21 - 21  1 .
a b
x sec y tan
 The tangent at point ‘’ is   1.
a b
 The straight line y = mx + c is a tangent to the curve, if c2 = a2 m2 - b2. In other words, y = mx 
2 b b
a2 m2  b touches the curve for all those values of m when m> or m<  .
a a
x  x1 y  y1
 Equation of the normal at any point (x1, y1) to the curve is = .
x1 / a2  
y1 / b2

x y 1
 The equation of the chord through the points 1 and 2 is a sec 1 b tan 1 1  0 .
a sec 2 b tan 2 1
2 2
 The equation of the normal at  is ax cos + by cot = a + b .
 Through a given point, four normals (real or imaginary) can be drawn to a hyperbola.
 The tangent drawn at any point bisects the angle between the lines, joining the point to the foci,
whereas the normal bisects the supplementary angle between the lines.
 Equation of the director circle is x2 + y2 = a2- b2. That means if a2 > b2, there would exist several
points such that tangents drawn from them would be mutually perpendicular. If a2 < b2, no such
point exist. For a2 = b2, centre is the only point from which two perpendicular tangents
(asymptotes) to the hyperbola can be drawn.
 From any point (x1, y1) in general two tangents can be drawn to hyperbola. The equation of the
pair of tangents is
2
 x 2 y2   x12 y12   xx1 yy1  2
 2  2  1  2  2  1   2  2  1 or SS1 = T
a b  a b  a b 
xx yy
The equation of the chord of contact is 21  21  1  0 or T = 0 for point (x 1, y1).
a b
 The equation of the chord bisected at the point (x 1, y1) is
xx1 yy1 x12 y12
 1   1 or T = S1.
a2 b2 a2 b2
 Equation of the chord joining the points (a sec , b tan ) and (a sec , b tan ) is
x  y  
cos  sin  cos .
a 2 b 2 2

Illustration 1: Find the equation of the hyperbola the distance between whose foci is 16, whose
eccentricity is 2 and whose axis is along the x-axis with centre being the origin.

2 2 2 2
Solution: We have b = a (e - 1) = a  b = a.

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Also 2ae = 16  ae = 8  a = 42.
Hence the equation of the required hyperbola is
x2 y 2 2 2
  1  x - y = 32.
32 32

x2 y2
Illustration 2: Find the locus of the middle points of the portion of the tangents to   1 included
a2 b2
between the axes.

Solution: Let P(a sec, b tan) be a point on the given hyperbola.

The equation of the tangent at P is
x sec y tan x y
 1   1
a b a cos   b cot  
 The coordinates of the intercepts on the axes are (a cos, 0) and (0, -b cot). If (h, k)
is the mid-point of the portion intercepted by the axes, then
a cos a b cot  b
h=  sec  = and k = -  tan = - .
2 2h 2 2k
a2 b2
Hence  1
4h2 4k 2
a2 b2
 The locus of (h, k) is   4.
x2 y2

x2 y2
Illustration 3: The perpendiculars drawn from the centre of a hyperbola 
 1 upon the tangent
a2 b2
and normal at any point of the hyperbola meet them in Q and R. Find the locus of Q and
R.
x y
Solution: Tangent at any point P (a sec , b tan ) is sec   tan   1 … (1)
a b
a sin 
Equation of the line through centre (origin) perpendicular to (1) is y =  x
b
by
 sin  = 
ax
x y  by 
Eliminating  from (1), we get     1
a cos  b cos   ax 
 b2 y 2 
 x2 + y2 = ax cos   (x2 + y2)2 = a2 x 2  1  
 a2 x 2 
or (x2 + y2)2 = a2x2  b2y2, which is the locus of Q.
Normal at the point P (a sec , b tan ) is ax cos  + by cot  = a2 + b2 … (2)
Equation of the line perpendicular to (2) drawn from the centre is
bx
y= … (3)
a sin 
From (2) and (3),
bx b2 x 2 b2 x 2 ay
sin  = and ax 1   by 1    a 2  b2
ay a2 y 2 a2 y 2 bx
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
 (x + y ) (a y  b x ) = (a + b ) x y , which is the locus of R.

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x2 y2 2 2 2
Illustration 4: A variable chord of the hyperbola 2
 2
 1 is tangent to the circle x + y = c . Prove
a b
2
x y2  2 x y2 
2 2
that the locus of its mid-point is  2  2  = c  4  4  .
a b   a b 


Solution: Any point on the given circle is (c cos, c sin).

Equation of the tangent to the circle is x cos + y sin = c.
Equation of the chord of the hyperbola with mid-point (h, k) is
xh yk h2 k 2
T = S1  2  2  2  2 .
a b a b
cos  sin  c
Since this is the same as the tangent to the circle, we have   2
h / a2 k / b2 h k2

a2 b2
hc kc
 cos = , sin = -
h 2
k 
2  h2 k 2 
a2  2  2  b2  2  2 
 a b   a b 
h2 c 2 k2c2
 2
 2
 1.
 h2 k 2   h2 k 2 
a4    b4   
 a2 b2   a2 b2 
2
 x 2 y2  2
 x2 y 
2
Hence locus of (h, k) is  2  2   c  4  4 .
a
 b   a b 

Illustration 5: Find the equation and lengths of common tangents to the hyperbolas
x2 y 2 y2 x2
  1 and   1 (a > b).
a2 b2 a2 b2

Solution: Let y = mx + c be the common tangent then

c2 = a2m2  b2 and c2 =  b2m2 + a2 (obtained by replacing a2 to  b2 and b2 to  a2 in the
condition c2 = a2m2  b2)
So, m2 (a2 + b2) = a2 + b2  m2 = 1  c =  a2  b2 .
So, the equations of four common tangents are
y=x a2  b2
In order to find the length, we select one of the common tangents, say
y = x + a2  b2 . Its point of contact with the given hyperbolas are
 a2 b2   b2 a2 
 ,   and   ,  .
   
 a2  b2 a2  b2   a2  b2 a2  b2 
So, the distance between two points gives us the length of the common tangents
2
=  a2  b2  2 .
a  b2

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SOLVED PROBLEMS
SUBJECTIVE
x2 y2
Problem 1: C is the centre of the hyperbola 
= 1. The tangent at any point P on this
a2 b2
hyperbola meets the lines bx - ay = 0 and bx + ay = 0 in the points Q and R respectively.
Show that CQ.CR = a2 + b2.
Solution: The tangent at any point P(a sec, b tan) is given by
x sec  y tan 
  1 . It meets the line bx  ay = 0, so that
a b
x sec  x
 tan   1  x(sec - tan) = a
a a
 a b 
 Q is  , .
 sec   tan  sec   tan  
The tangent also meets the line bx + ay = 0
x sec  x  a b 
  tan   1  R is  , .
a a  sec   tan  sec+tan 
a2  b2 a2  b2 a2  b2
Hence CQ.CR = . = = a2 + b2.
 sec   tan   2
 sec   tan   2
sec 2   tan2 

OBJECTIVE

Problem 1: The equation of the hyperbola whose foci are (6, 5), (-4, 5) and eccentricity 5/4 is
 x  12  y  5 2 x2 y2
(A)  =1 (B)  =1
16 9 16 9
 x  1 2
 y  5 2
(C)  = -1 (D) None of these
16 9

Solution: Here S1  ( 6, 5); S2  ( -4, 5) , e = 5/ 4, so that

S1S2 = 10  2ae = 10  a = 4.
 25 
And b2 = a2(e2 – 1) = 16   1 = 9.
 16 
Centre of the curve is (1, 5)
 Equation of required hyperbola is;
 x  12  y  5 2
  1.
16 9
Hence (A) is the correct answer.

Problem 2: Tangents are drawn to 3x2  2y2 = 6 from a point P. If these tangents intersect the
coordinate axes at concyclic points then the locus of P is
(A) x2 + y2 = 5 (B) x2  y2 = 5
1 1 1
(C) 2  2  (D) none of these
x y 5

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 7
x2 y 2
Solution: The hyperbola is   1.
2 3
Its tangent y  mx =  2m2  3 passes through P (h, k), then k  mh =  2m2  3
 (h2  2) m2  2hkm + k2 + 3 = 0
If slope of these tangents be m 1 and m2 then m1m2 = 1
k2  3 2 2
 2  1 or h  k = 5
h 2
2 2
So locus of P is x  y = 5.
Hence (B) is the correct answer.

x2 y2
Problem 3: The point on the hyperbola   1 which is nearest to the line 3x+ 2y + 1 = 0 is
24 18
(A) (6, 3) (B) (–6, 3)
(C) (6, –3) (D) (–6, –3)

Solution: Equation of the tangent at  24 sec , 

18 tan  is
x sec  y tan 
  1 . Since the point of contact is nearest to the line 3x + 2y + 1 = 0
24 18
3 sec  18 3 1
Its slope = – .  .    sin = –
2 24 tan  2 3
Hence the point is (6, –3).
Hence (C) is the correct answer.

EXERCISE  1
1. Find the equation of the hyperbola whose directrix is 2x + y = 1, focus (1, 2) and eccentricity
3.

2. For the hyperbola 3x 2 – 6y2 = -18, find the lengths of transverse and conjugate axes,
eccentricity and coordinates of foci and vertices; length of the latus rectum, equation of the
directrices.
x y x y 1
3. Prove that the straight lines   m and   , where a and b are given positive real
a b a b m
numbers and ‘m’ is a parameter, always meet on a hyperbola.

2 2
4. Find the equations of tangents to the hyperbola 3x  4y = 12, which make equal intercepts on
the axes.

2 2
5. A point P moves such that the tangents PT1 and PT2 from it to the hyperbola 4x - 9y = 36 are
mutually perpendicular. Find the locus of P.

6. If the pair of lines b2x2  a2y2 = 0 are inclined at an angle , then find the eccentricity of the
x2 y 2
hyperbola 2  2  1 .
a b

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7. The eccentricity of the hyperbola whose latus – rectum is 8 and length of the conjugate axis is
equal to half the distance between the foci, is
(A) 4/3 (B) 4/3
(C) 2/3 (D) none of these

8. The equation of the hyperbola whose foci are (6, 4) and (4, 4) and eccentricity 2 is
 x  12  y  4 2  x  12  y  4 2
(A)  1 (B)  1
75 / 4 25 / 4 25 / 4 75 / 4
 x  12  y  4 2
(C)  1 (D) none of these
25 / 4 75 / 4

2 2
9. The equation 16x – 3y – 32x – 12y – 44 = 0 represents a hyperbola, which one of the following
is incorrect
(A) the length of whose transverse axes is 23 (B) the length of whose conjugate axes is 8
(C) whose centre is at (1, –2) (D) whose eccentricity is 19

10. The distance of the point  6 sec , 3 tan   on the hyperbola from the centre of the hyperbola
is 3 if  is
 
(A) (B)
12 8
 
(C) (D)
6 4

Conjugate hyperbola
The hyperbola, whose transverse and conjugate axes are respectively the conjugate and transverse axes
of a given hyperbola, is called the conjugate hyperbola of the given hyperbola, and the two hyperbolas
x2 y 2 y2 x 2
are conjugate to one another. Thus, the hyperbolas 2  2  1 and 2  2  1 are conjugate
a b b a
hyperbolas.

x2 y2
Illustration 6: If e1 and e2 are the eccentricities of the hyperbola   1 and its conjugate
a2 b2
hyperbola, prove that e1-2 + e2-2 = 1.

Solution: The eccentricity e1 of the given hyperbola is obtained from

2 2 2
b = a (e1 - 1). . . . (1)
The eccentricity e2 of the conjugate hyperbola is given by
a2 = b2 (e22 -1). . . . (2)
Multiply (1) and (2), we get,
1 = (e12 - 1) (e22 - 1)  0 = e12 e22 - e12 - e22
-2 -2
 e1 + e2 = 1.

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Asymptote
The straight line, to which the tangent to a curve tends as the point of contact tends to approach infinity,
is called an asymptote of the curve. In other words, an asymptote tends to touch the curve at infinity.
x2 y 2 xx yy
Let the equation of the hyperbola be 2  2  1 . The tangent at P(x 1, y1) on it is 21 - 21 = 1. But
a b a b
(x1, y1) lies on the hyperbola,
x2 y 2
 12  12  1 .
a b
Eliminating y1 from the above equations, we find the equation of two tangents to the curve at the point
xx1 y x12  a2 x y
with abscissa x1 is 2
 2
 1, i.e.,  1  a2 / x12  a / x1 .
a b a a b
x y
Taking limits when x1 tends to infinity, we have the equations of the asymptotes as   0.
a b
x y x2 y 2
The lines   0 are also asymptotes to the conjugate hyperbola 2  2  1 .
a b a b

Remarks:
 The equation of the hyperbola and that of its pair of asymptotes differ by a constant. For
example, if S = 0 is the equation of the hyperbola, then the combined equation of the asymptotes
is given by S + K = 0. The constant K is obtained from the condition that the equation S + K = 0
represents a pair of lines. Finally the equation of the corresponding conjugate hyperbola is
S+ 2K = 0.
 Any line drawn parallel to the asymptote of the hyperbola would meet the curve only at one
point.
Illustration 7: Find the hyperbola whose asymptotes are 2x – y = 3 and 3x + y – 7 = 0 and which
passes through the point (1, 1).

Solution: The equation of the hyperbola differs from the equation of the asymptotes by a constant.
 The equation of the hyperbola with asymptotes 3x + y - 7 = 0 and 2x - y = 3 is
(3x + y - 7) (2x - y - 3) + k = 0. It passes through (1, 1)  k =-6.
Hence the equation of the hyperbola is (2x - y - 3) (3x + y - 7) = 6.

x2 y2
Illustration 8: Find the angle between the asymptotes of the hyperbola   1 , the length of
a2 b2
whose latus rectum is 4/3 and which passes through the point (4, 2).

2b2 4
Solution: We have = length of the latus rectum =  3b2 = 2a
a 3
Also, the hyperbola passes through the point (4, 2).
16 4 16 6
Hence 2  2  1  2   1
a b a a
2 2
or a + 6a  16 = 0  (a  2) (a + 8) = 0  a = 2  b = 4/3.
b 1
The asymptotes of the given hyperbola are y =  x or y =  x.
a 3
If 1 and 2 are the angles which the asymptotes make with the positive xaxis, then

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1  1 
tan 1 =  1 =
and tan 2 =   2 =  .
3 6 3 6
Hence the angle between the asymptotes = /3.

SOLVED PROBLEMS
SUBJECTIVE

x2 y2
Problem 1: Prove that the chords of the hyperbola   1 , which touch its conjugate hyperbola
a2 b2
are bisected at the point of contact.

Solution: Let P (x1, y1) be the mid-point of the chord of the given hyperbola, so that the equation of
xx1 yy1 x12 y12
the chord is    . …(1)
a2 b2 a2 b2
x2 y2
If it touches the conjugate hyperbola   1 , then
a2 b2
2
1  xx1 x1 y1  b 4
2 2
x2
       1  0 will have equal roots. Simplifying, we find that
a2 b2  a2 a2 b2  y12
2
x 2  y1 x1  2xx1  x1 y1   y1 x1 
2 2 2 2 2 2
y12
      
      0 has equal roots so that
a2  b2 a2  a2  a2 b2   b2 a2  b2

 y12 x12    y12 x12  

2 2
4x12  x12 y12   y12 
    4        0
a2  a2 b2   b
2
a2    b2 a2  b2 
 
2
x12  x12 y12   x12 y12  y12  x12 y12   x12 x12 y12  y12
or,          0 or  2  2  2  2  2   2  0
a2  a2 b2   a2 b2  b2 a b   a a b  b

x12 y12
or + 1 = 0  (x1, y1) lies on the conjugate hyperbola.

a2 b2
Hence the chord (1) touches the conjugate hyperbola at its midpoint (x 1, y1).
Alternative solution:
x2 y 2
Any tangent to the conjugate hyperbola 2  2  1 is
a b
x = my + b2 m2  a2 . …(2)
2
a y1
If this is same as the chord (1), then m = and hence
b2 x1
2
a4  x1 y1 
2 2
2 2 2 b2 a4 y12
    b m  a   a2
x12  a2 b2  b 4 x12
2
 x 2 y2  y 2 x2 x2 y 2
or  1  1   1  1 or 12  12  1
2
 a b2  b2 a2 a b
 (x1, y1) lies on the conjugate hyperbola.

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 the chord (1) touches the conjugate hyperbola and is bisected at the point of contact.

x2 y 2
Problem 2: If one of the asymptotes of the hyperbola   1 makes angle of 30°, with the
a2 b2
positive direction of x-axis, then find the eccentricity of the hyperbola.

b 1
Solution: According to the problem = tan30° =
a 3
2 2
 3b = a
 3a2(e2  1) = a2
4 2
 e2 = e= .
3 3

Problem 3: The asymptotes of a hyperbola having centre at the point (1, 2) are parallel to the lines
2x + 3y = 0 and 3x + 2y = 0. If the hyperbola passes through the point (5, 3), show that
its equation is (2x + 3y  8) (3x + 2y + 7) = 154.

Solution: Let the asymptotes be 2x + 3y +  = 0 and 3x + 2y +  = 0.

Asymptotes passes through the point (1, 2)   =  8,  =  7.
 Equations of asymptotes are 2x + 3y  8 = 0 and 3x + 2y  7 = 0
Equation of hyperbola is (2x + 3y  8) (3x + 2y  7) + k = 0
If passes through (5, 3)  (10 + 9  8) (15 + 6  7) + k = 0
 k =  154.

OBJECTIVE

Problem 1: The angle between the asymptotes of a hyperbola is 30°. The eccentricity of the
hyperbola may be
(A) 3  1 (B) 3  1
(C) 6  2 (D) none of these
b
Solution: The asymptotes are y =  x
a
b b

2ab 1
 tan30° = a a2  2 2

b a b 3
1 2
a
 a2  b2  2 3ab
Also a2 + b2 = a2e2
 e2  16e2 + 16 = 0
 e2  8  4 3
 e 6 2.

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EXERCISE  2
1. Find the equation of the asymptotes of the hyperbola xy = hx + ky.

2. Tangents are drawn to a hyperbola from a point on one of the branches of its conjugate
hyperbola. Show that their chord of contact will touch the other branch of the conjugate
hyperbola.

x2 y 2
3. Chords of contact of a point P with respect to the hyperbola   1 and its auxiliary
a2 b2
circle are at right angles. Prove that the point P lies on one of the asymptotes of the
hyperbola.

4. If the parametric equation of a conic is given by x = a tan ( + ) and y = b tan ( + ), then find
the equation of the conic.

5. Find the equations of the asymptotes of the hyperbola 3x 2 + 10xy + 8y2 + 14x + 22y + 7 = 0.

6. Find the product of the lengths of perpendiculars drawn from any point on the hyperbola
x2  2y2  2b = 0 to its asymptotes.

x2 y 2
7. Portion of asymptote of hyperbola   1 (between centre and the tangent at vertex) in
a2 b2
the first quadrant is cut by the line y + (x  a) = 0 ( is a parameter) then
(A)   R (B)   (0, )
(C)  ( , 0) (D) none of these
x2 y 2
8. If angle between asymptotes of hyperbola   1 is 120° and product of perpendicular
a2 b2
drawn from foci upon its any tangent is 9. Then the locus of point of intersection of
perpendicular tangents of hyperbola can be
(A) x2 + y2 = 6 (B) x2 + y2 = 9
2 2
(C) x + y = 3 (D) x2 + y2 = 18

x2 y 2
9. The asymptote of the hyperbola   1 form with any tangent to the hyperbola a
a2 b2
triangle whose area is 2tan in magnitude then its eccentricity is
(A) sec (B) cosec
2
(C) sec  (D) cosec2

Rectangular Hyperbola
A hyperbola whose asymptotes are at right angles to each other is called a rectangular hyperbola.
x2 y 2
The angle between asymptotes of the hyperbola 2  2  1 , is 2 tan-1(b/a).
a b
This is a right angle if tan-1b/a = /4, i.e., if b/a = 1  b = a.
 The equation of the rectangular hyperbola referred to its transverse and conjugate axes as the
axes of coordinates is therefore : x2 - y2 = a2 . . . (i)

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 Equation referred to asymptotes as coordinate axes: To obtain this equation we rotate the axes
of reference through-45°. Thus we have to write
x y x y
 for x and -  for y.
2 2 2 2
The equation (i) becomes
(1/2) (x + y)2 - (1/2)(x - y)2 = a2 i.e. xy = 1/2 a2 or xy = c2 where c2 = a2/2.

The Tangent and Normal

For rectangular hyperbola, xy = c2
The coordinates of any point on the curve may be taken as (cp, c/p), where p is a parameter. We shall
call the point with these coordinates, the point ‘p’.
x y
 Equation of tangent at (x1, y1) is xy1 + yx1 = 2c2 or 
2
 2 ( (x1, y1) lies on xy = c )
x1 y1
cx
 Tangent at (cp, c/p) to xy = c2 is 2
 cpy  2c 2 or x + py  2c p = 0.
p
 Equation of normal at (cp, c/p) is xp3 - py - cp4 + c = 0.

Illustration 9: If A, B, C are three points on the hyperbola xy = c2 and AC is perpendicular to BC, prove
that AB is parallel to the normal to the curve at C.

 c  c   c 
Solution: Let the three points A, B, C respectively be  ct1,  ,  ct 2 ,  and  ct 3 ,  . Since
 t1   t2   t3 
AC is perpendicular to BC,
 c c  c c 
 t  t  t  t 
 3 1  3 2 
 1  t1t2 t 23 =  1 … (1)
 ct 3  ct1   ct 3  ct 2 
  
  
 c 
Normal to the curve at C  ct 3 ,  is
 t3 

y = xt 23 
2
t3
 
1  t 34 and its slope is t 23  
1
t1t 2
… (2)

c c

t 2 t1 1
Slope of AB =   t 23  AB is parallel to the normal at C.
ct 2  ct1 t1t 2

Illustration 10: Prove that a infinite number of triangles can be inscribed in the hyperbola xy = c2 whose
sides touch the parabola y2 = 4ax.

Solution: Let three tangents to the parabola be

t1y + x = at12 , t2y + x = at 22 , t3y + x = at 23 .
Their points of intersection are (at2t3, a (t2 + t3)), (at1t3, a (t1 + t3)) and (at1t2, a (t1 + t2)). If
these points lie on the hyperbola xy = c2, then
c2
t2t3 (t2 + t3) = 2 … (1)
a

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c2
t3t1 (t3 + t1) = … (2)
a2
c2
t1t2 (t1 + t2) = … (3)
a2
Solving, we get, t1 + t2 + t3 = 0 (Since t1  t2  t3)
Clearly, infinite such points can be found on the parabola (for example co-normal
points).
c2
Also, t1 + t2 + t3 = 0  t2 ( t1  t2) ( t1) = 2 [From (1)]
a
c2
or t1t2 (t1 + t2) = , which is same as the equation (3).
a2
So, the equations (1), (2) and (3) are not independent. Therefore an infinite number of
solutions is possible.

Intersection of a Circle and a Rectangular Hyperbola

A rectangular hyperbola and a circle meet in four points. The mean of these four points is the middle
point of the centres of the hyperbola and that of the circle.
Let the rectangular hyperbola be xy = c2 and the equation of the circle be x 2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + k = 0. Any
2fc
point on the hyperbola is (cp, c/p). If it lies on the circle, then c2p2 + c2/p2 + 2gcp + +k=0
p
 c2p4 + 2gcp3 + kp2 + 2fcp + c2 = 0.
This is fourth degree equation in p, which has four roots. Hence the circle and the hyperbola intersect in
four points. If p1, p2, p3, p4 are the roots of this equation, then
2g
p1 + p2 + p3 + p4 = -2gc/c2 = -  cp1 + cp2 + cp3 + cp4 = -2g
c
x  x2  x3  x 4 g
 1 
4 2

Also
1

1

1

1
=
 p1p2 p3 2fc / c 2
 2 2 
2f
p1 p2 p3 p 4 p1p2 p3 p4 c /c c
c c c c y  y 2  y3  y 4
     2f  1 = -f/2.
p1 p2 p3 p4 4
Hence the mean of the four points is (-g/2, -f/2) which is the mid-point of the centre of the hyperbola and
that of the circle.

Illustration 11: A circle and a rectangular hyperbola meet in four points A, B, C and D. If the line AB
passes through the centre of the circle, prove that the centre of the hyperbola lies at the
mid-point of CD.

Solution: The line AB passes through the centre of the circle. Hence AB is the diameter of the
circle and the mid-point of AB is the centre of the circle. Let the co-ordinates of A, B, C,
D be respectively (x 1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3) and (x4, y4). Let the centres of the hyperbola
and the circle be (h, k) and (g, f).
x  x2  x 3  x 4 h  g x  x2
Then 1  . But g = 1
4 2 2
2g  x3  x 4 h  g x3  x 4
   =h
4 2 2

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y3  y 4
Similarly, k.
2
Hence (h, k) is the mid-point of CD.

SOLVED PROBLEMS
SUBJECTIVE

Problem 1: If the locus of a point whose chord of contact with respect to the circle x 2 + y2 = 4 is a
2 2
tangent to the hyperbola xy = 1 is xy = c , then find the value of c .
Solution: Let the point be (h, k), then the equation of chord of contact is hx + ky = 4.
It is tangent to xy = 1
 4  hx 
 x   1 has equal roots
 k 
 hx2  4x + k = 0
 Discriminant, 16  4hk = 0  hk = 4
Locus of (h, k) is xy = 4  c2 = 4.

Problem 2: Show that the angle subtended by any chord at the centre of a rectangular hyperbola is
the supplement of the angle between the tangents at the ends of the chord.

Solution: Let the hyperbola be x 2 - y2 = a2

Let C(0, 0) be the centre of the hyperbola and P(a sec1, a tan1) and Q(a sec2, a tan2)
be two points on the curve.
a tan 1
Equation of PC is y = x
a sec 1
 y = x sin1. Similarly the equation of QC is y = x sin2
sin 1  sin 2
If  is angle between PC and QC, then tan = .... (1)
1  sin 1 sin 2
The equation of the tangent at P is x sec1 - y tan1 = a
x
y=  a cot 1
sin 1
x
Also the equation of the tangent at Q is y =  a cot 2
sin 2
If  is the angle between the tangents at P and Q, then
1 1

sin 1 sin 2 sin 2  sin 1
tan =    tan  = tan( - )   =   .
1 1  sin 1 sin 2
1
sin 1 sin 2
Alternative Solution:
2 2 2
Let the hyperbola be x – y = a .
The line y = mx + a m2  1 touches the hyperbola for all m.
If it passes through the point P (x 1, y1), then
y1 – mx1 = a m2  1 or m2 (x12  a2 )  2mx1 y1  y12  a2  0 so that from a point (x 1, y1)
two tangents can be drawn to the hyperbola. If  is the angle between these tangents,
then

IITJEE-2223-MATHEMATICS-HYPERBOLA
16

m1  m2 (m1  m2 )2  4m1m2 2 x12 y12  (x12  a2 )(y12  a2 )

tan  =   .
1  m1m2 1  m1m2 x12  y12
The equation of the chord of contact of (x 1, y1) with respect to the hyperbola
2 2 2 2
x – y = a is xx1 – yy1 = a .
Making the equation of the hyperbola homogeneous with the help of the chord, we get
a2(x2 – y2) = (xx 1 – yy1)2
or x 2 (a2  x12 )  2x1y1xy  (a2  y12 )y 2  0 .
This is the equation of the lines joining the centre (0, 0) with the points of intersection of
the chord and the hyperbola. Hence angle  subtended by the chord at the centre is
given by
2 x12 y12  (a2  x12 )(a2  y12 )
tan = = – tan    =  – .
(x12  y12 )

OBJECTIVE
Problem 1: The equation of a line passing through the centre of a rectangular hyperbola is
x – y – 1 = 0. If one of its asymptotes is 3x  4y  6 = 0, then the equation of the other
asymptote is
(A) 4x  3y + 17 = 0 (B)  4x  3y + 17 = 0
(C) – 4x + 3y + 1 = 0 (D) 4x + 3y + 17 = 0

Solution:: We know that asymptotes of rectangular hyperbola are mutually perpendicular, thus
other asymptote should be 4x + 3y + = 0.
Intersection point of asymptotes is also the centre of the hyperbola. Hence intersection
point of 4x + 3y +  = 0 and 3x - 4y - 6 = 0 should lie on the line x – y –1= 0, so that
 = 17.
Hence (D) is the correct answer.

Problem 2: If a chord of a rectangular hyperbola, parallel to its conjugate axis subtends angles 1
and 2 at its vertices, then

(A) 1 + 2 = (B) 1 + 2 = 
2
3
(C) 1 + 2 = (D) none of these
4

Solution: Let the hyperbola be x2 – y2 = a2 and the chord be x = k. It meet the curve at
(k, k 2  a2 ) and (k,  k 2  a2 ) .
k 2  a2 k 2  a2

Hence tan 1 = k a k  a   1 k 2  a2 .
k  a2
2 a
1
2
(k  a)
1 2
Also tan 2 = k  a2 = – tan 1 = tan ( – 1)
a
 1 + 2 = .
Hence (B) is the correct answer.

IITJEE-2223-MATHEMATICS-HYPERBOLA
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EXERCISE  3
- 2
1. Prove that the straight line y = mx + 2c m , m  R , always touches the hyperbola xy = c .

2 2
2. If a circle x + y = 225 intersects a rectangular hyperbola at four points (12, 9),
(9, 12), (15, 0) and (0, 15); then find the centre of the rectangular hyperbola.

3. The curves (x – 1) (y – 2) = 5 and (x – 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = r2 intersect at four points A, B, C, D

and if centroid of ABC lies on line y = 3x – 4, then find the locus of D.

4. Find the area of the triangle formed by a tangent to the hyperbola xy = 1 and its asymptotes.

5. If the tangent and the normal to a rectangular hyperbola xy = c2, at a point, cuts off
intercepts a1, and a2 on the x-axis and b1, b2 on the y-axis, then prove that a1a2 + b1 b2 = 0.

6. The curve xy = c and x 2 + y2 = 1 touch at two points, then find the distance between the
points of contact.

7. The equation of the chord of the hyperbola xy = c2, which is bisected at the point (2c, 3c) is
(A) 3x + 2y = 12c (B) 3x + 2y = 6c
(C) 2x + 3y = 6c (D) 2x + 3y = 12c

8. The locus of the mid-point of the portion of a line of constant slope 'm' between two branches of
the rectangular hyperbola xy = 1 is
(A) y – mx = 0 (B) y + mx = 0
(C) my + x = 0 (D) y = x

9. If P is a point on the rectangular hyperbola x 2  y2 = a2, C is its centre and S, S are the two foci,
then the product (SP  SP) is equal to
(A) 2 (B) (CP)2
2
(C) (CS) (D) (SS)2

10. If x = 9 is the chord of contact of the hyperbola x 2 – y2 = 9, then the equation of the
corresponding pair of tangents is
(A) 9x2 – 8y2 + 18x – 9 = 0 (B) 9x2 – 8y2 – 18x + 9 = 0
2 2
(C) 9x – 8y – 18x – 9 = 0 (D) 9x2 – 8y2 + 18x + 9 = 0

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18

MISCELLANEOUS SOLVED PROBLEMS

SUBJECTIVE
x2 y2
Problem 1: A straight line is drawn parallel to the conjugate axis of the hyperbola  1 to 
a2 b2
meet it and the conjugate hyperbola respectively in points P and Q. Show that the
normals at P and Q to the curves meet on the x-axis.

Solution: Let P(a sec, b tan) be a point on the hyperbola, and Q(a tan, b sec) be a point on
the conjugate hyperbola.
Hence a sec = a tan  sec = tan.
Equation of the normal to the hyperbola
x2 y 2 a tan 
 2  1 at P is y - b tan = - (x - a sec).
a 2
b b sec 
Equation of the normal to the conjugate hyperbola at Q is
a sec 
y - b sec = - (x - atan).
b tan 
Eliminate x and use sec = tan, we get, y (sec - tan) = 0  y = 0.
Hence the normals meet on the x - axis.

x2 y2
Problem 2: From a point G on the transverse axis of the hyperbola 
 1 , GL is drawn
a2 b2
perpendicular to one of its asymptotes. Also GP is a normal to the curve at P. Prove that
LP is parallel to the conjugate axis.

Solution: Let P(a sec, b tan) be any point on the hyperbola.

Equation of the normal at P is ax cos + by cot = a2 + b2.
It meets the x - axis (transverse axis) at y = 0
a2  b2  a2  b2 
x= sec  G  sec ,0 
a  a 
The equation of the line perpendicular to the asymptote bx - ay = 0 and passing through
a a2  b2 
G, i.e. equation of GL is y =   x  sec  
b a 

 ax + by = (a2 + b2) sec.
Its intersection with the asymptote bx – ay = 0 gives x = asec. So the x co-ordinate of L
is a sec, which is equal to the x - coordinate of the point P
 LP is parallel to the y-axis  LP is parallel to the conjugate axis.

Problem 3: A series of hyperbolas is drawn having a common transverse axis of length 2a. Prove
that the locus of a point P on each hyperbola, such that its distance from the transverse
2 2 2 2 2 2
axis is equal to its distance from an asymptote, is the curve (x - y ) = 4x (x - a ).

x2 y2
Solution: The equation of a hyperbola of the series is   1 , where,  is a parameter. The
a2 2
asymptotes of this hyperbola are x/a =  y/.
Suppose (x, y) is a point P on the hyperbola which is equidistant from the transverse
axis and an asymptote. Then

IITJEE-2223-MATHEMATICS-HYPERBOLA
 19
x 2 y 2 x / a  y / 
2
 2
 1 and y =
a  1 1
2

a 2
y 2 x 2 2  1 1  x 2 y 2 2x y 
i.e.,   1 and y  2  2  = 2  2  .
2 a2 a   a  a
The second relation gives, on simplification,
4x 2 y 2 a2
2 2 2
(y - x ) =
2
 4x 2 x 2  a2  
by the first relation. Hence, the locus of P is (y2 - x2)2 = 4x2 (x2 - a2).

Problem 4: A variable straight line of slope 4 intersects the hyperbola xy = 1 at two points. Find the
locus of the point which divides the line segment between these points in the ratio 1: 2.

Solution: Let the line be y = 4x + c. It meets the curve xy = 1 at

x (4x + c) = 1  4x2 + cx – 1 = 0  x1 + x2 = -c/4
Also y (y - c) = 4  y2 - cy - 4 = 0  y1 + y2 = c.
Let the point which divides the line segment in the ratio 1 : 2 be (h, k)
x  2x 2
 1  h  x2 = 3h +c/4 and x1 = -c/2 - 3h.
3
y  2y 2
Also 1 = k  y2 = 3k – c and y1 = -3k + 2c.
3
Now (h, k) lies on the line y = 4x + c  k = 4h + c  c = k - 4h
 x1 = -k/2 + 2h - 3h = -h -k/2 and y1 = -3k + 2k - 8h = -k - 8h
k2
 (h + k/2) (k + 8h) = 1  hk + 8h2 +
2 2
 4hk  1  16h + k + 10hk = 2.
2
Hence locus of (h, k) is 16x 2 + y2 + 10xy = 2.
Alternative Solution:
Let (x1, y1) be a point on the variable line segment of slope 4. Its equation is
x  x1 y  y1
 .
1 4
 r 4r 
Any other point at a distance r from (x 1, y1) on this line is  x1  , y1   . For this
 17 17 
point to lie on the given hyperbola xy = 1, we have
 r  4r 
 x1    y1  1
 17   17 
2
or 4r + r 17 (4x1 + y1) + 17(x1y1 – 1) = 0. ……(1)
This is a quadratic in r, and gives the two points where the line segment intersects the
hyperbola. If (x 1, y1) divides these points in the ratio 1 : 2, then |r1| : |r2| = 1 : 2
or r1 = –k and r2 = 2k (since the two points are on the opposite sides of (x 1, y1)). From
(1), we get
17 17(x1y1  1)
– k + 2k = – (4x1 + y1) and (–k)(2k) =
4 4
17 17
i.e. k = – (4x1 + y1) and k2 = (1 – x1y1).
4 8
Eliminating k, we get the locus of (x 1, y1) as 16x2 + y2 + 10xy = 2.

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Problem 5: A shot is fired from a rifle to hit a target. The sound of shooting and striking are heard at
the same instant at a point P. Prove that the locus of the point P is a hyperbola.

Solution: Let the rifle be placed at A(ka, 0) and the target is placed at B(-ka, 0), where k is the
velocity of the shot. Let P(x, y) be the point where the sounds are heard. let c be the
velocity of sound. Time taken by the sound to travel the distance AP is the same as that
the time taken by the shot to travel from A to B plus the time the sound takes to travel
the distance BP.
1 1
  x  ka 2  y 2  2a   x  ka 2  y 2
c c
1 2 1 4a
 2  x  k 2 a2  2kax  y 2   4a2  2  x2  k 2 a2  2kax  y2    x  ka 2  y2
c c c
kx  ac 2 1 2
 2
 x  k 2 a2  2kax  y 2
c c
k x  a2 c 4  2kac 2 x
2 2

c4

1
c2
x 2
 k 2 a2  2kax  y 2 
k 2 x2 x2 a2 k 2 y2 x2 y2
  a2      1 (k being > c)
c4 c2 c2 c2 a2 c 2 
a2 k 2  c 2 
which is the equation of a hyperbola.
Alternative Solution:
Let the rifle is fired from a point R towards the target R T
at T and v and c are respectively the velocities of
the shot and the sound then
RP RT TP c
   RP  TP = RT
c v c v P
So, the difference of the distances of point P from
two fixed points R and T is constant.
v
Hence, the locus of P is a hyperbola with foci at R and T and eccentricity (Clearly the
c
result is valid if v > c).

Problem 6: Prove that if normal to the hyperbola xy = c2 at point ‘t’ meets the curve again at a point’
t1’ then t3 t1 +1 = 0.

Solution: Equation of normal at point ‘t’ i.e. (ct, c/t) is;

c
y  xt2 = (1  t4). ... (1)
t
If it meets the curve again at ‘t1’ then (ct1, c/ t1 ) must satisfy (1) .

c
t1
c

 ct1t 2  1  t 4 
t
1
t1
 1
 t1t 2   t 3
t
 t  t1 

1 1 2
  t  t  t1   0 
t1 t tt1
1  t t   0 .
3
1

Clearly, t  t1  t3 t1 +1 = 0.

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OBJECTIVE

Problem 1: The locus of the middle points of chords of hyperbola 3x 2 – 2y2 + 4x – 6y = 0 parallel to
y = 2x is
(A) 3x - 4y = 4 (B) 3y - 4x + 4 = 0
(C) 4x - 4y = 3 (D) 3x - 4y = 2

Solution: Let mid point be (h, k). Equation of a chord whose mid point is (h, k) would be T = S1
or 3xh - 2yk + 2(x + h) - 3(y + k) = 3h2 – 2k2 + 4h – 6k
2 2
 x (3k + 2) - y(2k + 3) - 2h + 3k - 3h + 2k = 0.
3h  2
It’s slope is  2 (given)  3h = 4k + 4.
2k  3
 Required locus is 3x – 4y = 4.
Hence (A) is the correct answer.

x2 y2
Problem 2: The tangent at a point P on the hyperbola 
 1 meets one of its directrices in F.
a2 b2
If PF subtends an angle  at the corresponding focus, then  equals
(A) /4 (B) /2
(C) 3/4 (D) 

Solution: Let the directrix be x = a/e and the focus be S(ae, 0). Let P(asec, b tan) be any point
on the curve.
x sec  y tan 
Equation of tangent at ‘P’ is   1.
a b
Let ‘F’ be the intersection point of the tangent and the directrix, so that
 b  sec   e  
F   a / e, 
 e tan  

b  sec   e  b tan 
 mSF = , m PS =
 2

a tan  e  1 a  sec   e

 mSF . m PS = -1.
Hence (B) is the correct answer.

x2 y2
Problem 3: If (a sec, b tan) and (a sec, b tan) are the ends of a focal chord of  = 1, then
a2 b2
 
tan tan equals to
2 2
e 1 1 e
(A) (B)
e 1 1 e
1 e e 1
(C) (D)
1 e e 1

Solution: Equation of the chord connecting the points (a sec, b tan) and (a sec , b tan ) is
x   y    
cos    sin    cos  .
a  2  b  2   2 
   
If it passes through (ae, 0), we have, e cos   = cos  
 2   2 

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22

   
cos   1  tan . tan
 2  2 2   1 e
 e= =  tan . tan  .
    2 2 1 e
cos   1  tan . tan
 2  2 2
Hence (B) is the correct answer.
2
Problem 4: The point of intersection of the curves whose parametric equations are x = t + 1, y = 2t
and x = 2s, y = 2/s, is given by
(A) (1, -3) (B) (2, 2)
(C) (-2, 4) (D) (1, 2)
2
y
Solution: x = t2 + 1, y = 2t  x - 1 =
4
and x = 2s, y = 2/s  xy = 4.
For the point of intersection we have,
4 y2
1  y3 + 4y – 16 = 0  y = 2  x = 2.
y 4
Hence (B) is the correct answer.

Problem 5: The locus of the point, tangents from which to the rectangular hyperbola x 2 – y2 = a2
contain an angle of 45 is
(A) (x2 + y2) + a2(x2 – y2) = 4a4 (B) 2(x2 + y2) + 4a2(x2 – y2) = 4a4
2 2 2 2 2 4
(C) (x + y ) + 4a (x – y ) = 4a (D) (x2 + y2) + a2(x2 – y2) = a4

Solution: Let y = mx  m2 a2  a2 be two tangents and passing through (h, k).

Then (k – mh)2 = m2a2 – a2  m2(h2 – a2) – 2khm + k2 + a2 = 0.
2kh k 2  a2 m  m2
 m1 + m2 = 2 and m 1m 2 = , and tan 45 = 1 .
h a 2 2
h a 2 1  m1m2
Hence (C) is the correct answer.

Problem 6: Through a fixed point P (, ) a variable line is drawn to cut the coordinate axes at A and
B. The locus of the mid-point of AB is
 
(A) a hyperbola with eccentricity 2 (B) a hyperbola with centre  , 
 2 2
(C) a hyperbola with asymptotes along axes (D) not a hyperbola

x y  
Solution: If P (, ) lies on the line  1 , then  1 … (1)
a b a b
The mid-point of AB is h = a/2, k = b/2.
 
Thus from (1),   2.
h k
 
So the locus of (h, k) is   2
x y
  
  x    y   
 2  2 4
 
which is a rectangular hyperbola with centre  ,  .
 2 2
Hence (B) is the correct answer.

IITJEE-2223-MATHEMATICS-HYPERBOLA
 23
Problem 7: If the latus rectum subtends a right angle at the centre of a hyperbola, then its
eccentricity is
3 1
(A) 2 (B)
2
5 1 3 5
(C) (D)
2 2

Solution: LOS = 45  OS = LS L

b2
 ae =  e = e2  1 S
a
O
5 1
e= L
2
Hence (C) is the correct answer.

Problem 8: Equation of the common tangent to the curves y2 = 8x and xy =  1 is

(A) 3y = 9x + 2 (B) y = 2x + 1
(C) 2y = x + 8 (D) y = x + 2

2
Solution: A tangent to the parabola y2 = 8x is y = mx + . If it touches the hyperbola xy =  1,
m
 2 2x
then x  mx    1 must have equal roots  mx2 +  1  0 has equal roots
 m m
4
 2  4m  0  m = 1.
m
Hence (D) is the correct answer.

Problem 9: If the ordinate of any point P on the hyperbola 9x 2  16y2 = 144 is produced to cut the
asymptotes in the points Q and R. Then the product (PQ  PR) equals to
(A) 9 (B) 16
(C) 25 (D) 7

x2 y 2
Solution: The hyperbola is   1 . Let P be (4 sec , 3 tan ).
16 9
3
Now the line x = 4 sec  intersects the asymptote y = x at Q (4 sec , 3 sec ) and the
4
3
asymptote y =  x at R (4 sec ,  3 sec ). So,
4
PQ = 3 |sec   tan | and PR = 3 |sec  + tan |
 PQ  PR = 9.
Hence (A) is the correct answer.
Problem 10: If the line ax + by + c = 0 is normal to the curve xy = 1, then
(A) a > 0, b > 0 (B) a > 0, b < 0
(C) a < 0, b < 0 (D) none of these
1 dy 1 2 a
Solution: For y = ,   2  the slope of the normal = x = 
x dx x b
a
 is positive  a and b are of opposite signs.
b
Hence (B) is the correct answer.

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ANSWERS TO EXERCISES
Exercise  1

1. 7x2 – 2y2 + 12xy – 2x + 14y – 22 = 0

2. Length of transverse axes = 23, length of conjugate axes = 26, e= 3, foci = (0,  3),
vertices = (0,  3), latus rectum = 43, equation of directrices y =  1.

4. x + y + 1 = 0, x + y  1 = 0 5. x 2 + y2 = 5
 
6. sec , cosec 7. C
2 2
8. C 9. D
10. C

Exercise  2

1. x = k and y = h 4. xy + ab = (bx  ay) cot (  )

2
5. 3x2 + 10xy + 8y2 + 14x + 22y + 15 = 0 6.
3
7. 8. D
9. A

Exercise  3

2. (18, 18) 3. y = 3x

4. 2 sq. units. 6. 2 units

7. A 8. B
9. B 10. B

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 25

Formulae and Concepts at a Glance

x2 y2 a2  b2
1. For the hyperbola   1 , the eccentricity is  1 and the foci are ( ae, 0).
a2 b2 a

2b2
2. Length of the transverse axis is 2a and that of the conjugate axis 2b with latus rectum =
a
2a
and distance between the directrices = .
e

xx1 yy1
3. Equation of the tangent at the point (x 1, y1) is 2
  1.
a b2

a2 x b2 y
4. Equation of the normal at the point (x 1, y1) is   a2  b2 .
x1 y1

x2 y2 2 2 2 2
5. The line y = mx + c touches the hyperbola   1 for c = a m  b .
a2 b2

x2 y2
6. Two perpendicular tangents to the hyperbola   1 intersect on its director circle
a2 b2
x2 + y2 = a2  b2, which is real if a > b.

x2 y2
7. Parametric equation of the hyperbola   1 are x = a sec , y b tan .
a2 b2

8. Condition for the hyperbola to be rectangular is that a = b  e = 2 . Equation becomes

x2  y2 = a2.

x2 y2 x2 y2
9. Equation of the hyperbola conjugate to the hyperbola   1 is   1 (parametric
a2 b2 a2 b2
1 1
equations x = a tan , y = b sec ). Their eccentricities e1 and e2 related by   1.
e12 e22

b
10. Equation of the asymptotes are y =  x.
a

11. Product of perpendicular distances from any point on the hyperbola (or its conjugate hyperbola)
a2 b2
on its asymptotes is 2 .
a  b2

12. With reference to perpendicular asymptotes as axes of coordinates, the equation of the
c
rectangular hyperbola is xy = c2 and its parametric equation are x = ct, y = .
t

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26

CHAPTER PRACTICE PROBLEMS

SUBJECTIVE

x2 y2
1. A chord PQ of the hyperbola xy = c2 is tangent to the hyperbola  = –1. Find the locus of
a2 b2
the middle point of PQ.

2. Find the equation of the line passing through origin and bisects the chord 7x + y – 20 = 0 of the
x2 y 2
hyperbola   1.
3 7

3. The ordinate of any point P on the hyperbola, given by 25x 216y2=400, is produced to cut its
asymptotes in the points Q and R. Prove that QP.PR = 25.

x2 y2
4. If PQ is a double ordinate of a hyperbola   1 , such that OPQ is is an equilateral
a2 b2
triangle O, being the centre of hyperbola. Then find the range of eccentricity ‘e’ of hyperbola.

5. Tangents are drawn from the point (,) to the hyperbola 3x 2  2y2 = 6 and are inclined at angles
 and  to the x-axis. If tan . tan = 2, prove that 2 = 22  7.

OBJECTIVE

x2 y 2
6. If the tangent at the point (2sec, 3 tan) of the hyperbola   1 is parallel to 3x – y + 4 =
4 9
0, then the value of  is
(A) 45 (B) 60
(C) 30 (D) 75

7. Equations of the tangents to the hyperbola 2x 2  3y 2  6 which are parallel to the line
y = 3x + 4 is
(A) y = 3x  5 (B) y = 3x  6
(C) y = 3x  7 (D) none of these

8. The locus of the point (h, k) from which the tangent can be drawn to the different branches of the
x2 y 2
hyperbola 2  2  1 is
a b
k2 h2 k2 h2
A)  0 (B)  0
b2 a2 b2 a2
k2 h2
(C)  0 (D) none of these
b2 a2

9. A normal to the hyperbola x 2–4y2=4 meets the x and y axes at A and B. The locus of the point of
intersection of the straight lines drawn through A and B perpendicular to the x and y-axes
respectively is
(A) 4x2 – y2 = 25 (B) 4x2 + y2 = 25
2 2
(C) x + 4y = 25 (D) x2 + y2 = 25

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 27
10. A circle cuts two perpendicular lines so that each intercept is of given length. The locus of the
centre of the circle is a conic whose eccentricity is
1
(A) 1 (B)
2
(C) 2 (D) none of these

11. The locus of the point of intersection of tangents at the extremities of the chords of hyperbola
x2 y 2
  1 which are tangents to the circle drawn on the line joining the foci as diameter is
a2 b2
x2 y2 1 x2 y2 1
(A)   (B)  
a 2
b 2 ab a 4
b 4
a  b2 2

(C) x2 + y2 = a2 + b2 (D) x – y = a + b2
2 2 2

12. The angle between lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the line 3x  y  2
2 2
and the curve y  x  4 is equal to
 2  
(A) tan1   (B)
 3 6
 3 
(C) tan1  (D)
 2  2
 

13. The angle between the asymptotes of the hyperbola 24x 2  8y 2  27 is

(A) 90 (B) 60

(C) 45 (D) 30

14. For a hyperbola whose centre is at (1, 2) if asymptotes are parallel to the lines 2x + 3y = 0 and
x + 2y = 1, then equation of hyperbola passing through (2, 4) is
(A) (2x + 3y  5) (x + 2y  8) = 40 (B) (2x + 3y  8) (x + 2y  5) = 40
(C) (2x + 3y  8) (x + 2y  5) = 30 (D) none of these

x2 y 2
15. If from (1, ) two tangents are drawn on exactly one branch of the hyperbola   1 , then ‘’
4 1
belongs to
 1  1 1
(A)  1,   (B)   , 
 2   2 2
1 
(C)  ,1 (D) none of these
2 

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ASSIGNMENTS
SECTION - I

x2 y 2
1. The chord of the hyperbola   1 whose equation is x cos  + y sin  = p subtends a right
a2 b2
angle at the centre. Prove that it always touches a circle.

2. Prove that the locus of the point of intersection of the lines 3x  y  43k = 0 and
3kx + ky  43 = 0, for different values of k is a hyperbola whose eccentricity is 2.

3. A variable circle cuts x-y axes so that intercepts are of given length k1 and k2. Find the locus of
the centre of circle

4. The normal at P to a hyperbola of eccentricity e, intersects its transverse and conjugate axes at
L and M respectively. Show that the locus of the middle point of LM is a hyperbola of eccentricity
e
.
2
e 1

x2 y2
5. Foot of perpendiculars F1 and F2 are drawn to the asymptotes of the hyperbola   1 from
a2 b2
a point P on it. Find the area of the triangle PF1F2.

6. Find the equation of the common tangents to the hyperbola 3x 2  y2 = 3 and the parabola
y2 = 8x.

x2 y 2
7. A transversal cuts the same branch of a hyperbola   1 in P, P' and the asymptotes in Q,
a2 b2
Q'. Prove that (i) PQ = P'Q' and (ii) PQ' = P'Q

x2 y2
8. PQ is a chord joining the points 1 and 2 on the hyperbola 2
  1 . If 1  2 = 2, where 
a b2
x2 y2
is constant, prove that PQ touches the hyperbola 2
cos2    1.
a b2

x2 y2
9. Prove that the tangents to family of hyperbolas   1 (where  is a real parameter) at
b2  2 b2
their point of intersection with x 2  y2 = 2b2 + 2 are a pair of fixed lines. Find the equations of the
lines.

10. The asymptotes of a hyperbola are parallel to 2x + 3y = 0 & 3x + 2y = 0. Its centre is (1, 2) & it
passes through (5, 3). Find the equation of the hyperbola.

11. Find the locus of the middle points of the normals chords of the rectangular hyperbola x 2 y2= a2.

12. The sides of a triangle ABC, inscribed in a hyperbola xy = c2, makes angles , ,  with an
asymptote. Prove that the normals at A, B, C will meet in a point if cot 2 + cot 2 + cot 2 = 0

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x2 y 2
13. A straight line is drawn parallel to the conjugate axis of a hyperbola   1 to meet it and
a2 b2
the conjugate hyperbola in the points P & Q. Show that the tangents at P & Q meet on the curve
y 4  y2 x2  4 x2
    2 and that the normals meet on the axis of x.
b4  b2 a2  a

14. If the normals at four points P (xi, yi), i = 1, 2, 3, 4 on the rectangular hyperbola xy = c2, meet at
the point Q(h, k), prove that
(a) x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = h,
(b) y1 + y 2 + y3 + y4 = k,
(c) x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 = y 1 y 2 y 3 y 4 = – c 4.

x2 y2
15. From the point 2 2, 1 a pair of tangents are drawn to   1 , which intersect the
a2 b2
 1 
coordinate axes in concyclic points. If one of the tangents is inclined at an angle of tan1  
 2
with the transverse axis of the hyperbola, then find the equation of
(i) hyperbola (ii) circle formed using the concylic points.

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SECTIONII
MULTI CHOICE SINGLE CORRECT
1. Equation of the hyperbola passing through the point (1, 1) and having asymptotes x + 2y + 3 =
0 and 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 is
(A) 3x2 + 10xy + 8y2 + 14x + 22y + 7 = 0 (B) 3x2– 10xy+ 8y2+14x+22y + 7 = 0
2 2
(C) 3x – 10xy + 8y – 14x + 22y + 7 = 0 (D) none of these

x2 y2
2. The tangent at the vertex of the hyperbola   1 meets its conjugate hyperbola at the
a2 b2
point whose coordinates are
(A) (a, 2 b) (B) ( 2 a, b)
(C) (– 2 a, b) (D) none of these

3. Let P(a sec, b tan) and Q(a sec, b tan), where  +  = /2, be two points on the hyperbola
x2 y 2
  1 . If (h, k) is the point of intersection of the normals at P and Q then k is equal to
a2 b2
a2  b2 a2  b2
(A) (B) –
a a
a2  b2 a2  b2
(C) (D) –
b b
x2 y 2 2
4. If P is a point on the hyperbola   1 and Q be the focus of the parabola y = 8x, then
16 9
locus of mid-point of PQ is
 x  12 y 2  x  12 y2
(A)  1 (B)  1
4 9 9 4
 x  12 4y 2 4  x  1
2
y2
(C)  1 (D)  1
4 9 9 4

5. The equation of chord of the hyperbola 25x 2 – 16y2 = 400 which is bisected at the point (6, 2) is
(A) 75x – 8y = 418 (B) 75x – 16y = 418
(C) 16x – 75y = 418 (D) 8x – 75y = 418
2
6. The equation of the common tangent to the curves y = 8x and xy = 1 is
(A) 3y = 9x + 2 (B) y = 2x + 1
(C) 2y = x + 8 (D) y = x + 2

x2 y2
7. If e is the eccentricity of   1 and ‘’ be the angle between its asymptotes, then cos(/2)
a2 b2
is equal to ,
(A) 1/2e (B) 1/e
(C) 1/e2 (D) none of these

x2 y2 2
8. Two tangents are drawn to the hyperbola   1 such that product of their slopes is c . The
a2 b2
locus of their point of intersection is
(A) x2  a2 = c2(y2 + b2) (B) x2 + a2 = c2(y2  b2)
(C) y2 + b2 = c2(x2  a2) (D) none of these

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 31

9. The coordinates of the foci of the hyperbola xy = c2 are

 c c 
(A) ( c,  c) (B)   ,  
 2 2
(C) ( 2c,  2c) 
(D)  2c,  2c 
x2 y2
10. Consider the hyperbola   1 . Area of the triangle formed by the asymptotes and the
a2 b2
tangent drawn to it at (a, 0) is
(A) ab/2 (B) ab
(C) 2ab (D) 4ab

x2 y 2
11. If the ratio of transverse and conjugate axis of the hyperbola   1 passing through the
a2 b2
point (1, 1) is 1/3, then its equation is
(A) 9x2  y2 = 9 (B) x2  9y2 = 8
(C) 9x2  y2 = 8 (D) x2  9y2 = 9

x2 y2
12. The locus of the points of intersection of two tangents to the hyperbola   1 , if the sum of
a2 b2
slopes is constant , is;
(A) (x2 – a2) = x (B) (x2 – a2) = y
(C) (x2 – a2) = 2xy (D) xy = x 2 – a2

13. The curve represented by x = ae, y = be-,   R is

(A) a hyperbola (B) an ellipse
(C) a parabola (D) a circle

14. Equation of the latus rectum of the hyperbola (10x – 5)2 + (10y – 2)2 = 9(3x + 4y – 7)2 is
(A) y – 1/ 5 = –3/4( x- 1/ 2) (B) x – 1/ 5 = –3/4(y – 1/ 2)
(C) y + 1/ 5 = –3/4( x + 1/ 2) (D) x + 1/ 5 = –3/4(y+1/ 2)

15. The focus of the rectangular hyperbola (x + 4) (y  4) = 16 is

(A)  4  4 2, 4  4 2  (B)  4  4 2, 4  4 2 
(C)  4  4 2, 4  4 2  (D) none of these

16. The locus of a point P(, ) moving under the condition that the line y = x +  is a tangent to
x2 y2
the hyperbola 2  2  1 is a hyperbola whose eccentricity is
a b
(A) 1  a2 (B) 1  b2
b2 b2
(C) 1 (D) 1
a2 a2

MULTI CHOICE MULTI CORRECT

1. If (5, 12) and (24, 7) are the foci of a hyperbola passing through origin, then
386 386
(A) e = (B) e =
13 12
121
(C) LR = (D) length of conjugate axes is 242
6

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32

2. If xy = m 2  4 be a rectangular hyperbola whose branches lie only in the 2nd and 4th quadrant,
then
(A) m (2, 0] (B) (0, 2)
(C) |m| < 2 (D) |m| > 2

x2
3. A tangent is drawn at point P (x 1, y1) on the hyperbola y 2  1 . If pair of tangents are drawn
4
2 2
from any point on this tangent to the circle x + y = 16 such that chords of contact are
concurrent at the point (x 2, y2) then
x y
(A) 2  4 (B) 2  16
x1 y1
2
y x  y
(C) 2  16 (D)  2   2  0
y1  x1  y1

4. The points on the hyperbola x2  y2 = a2 from where mutually perpendicular tangents can be
drawn to the circle x 2 + y2 = a2 is/are
 3 a   3 a 
(A)  a ,  (B)  a , 
 2 2  2 2
 3 a   3 a 
(C)  a ,   (D)  a ,  
 2 2  2 2

NUMERICAL BASED TYPE

ea  e a ea  ea
1. Eccentricity of the conic represented by x = , y is _____
2 3 2

2. Number of points of intersection of the hyperbolas x 2  2x  y2 + 4y  4 = 0 and

x2  2x  y2 + 4y  2 = 0 is/are ______

x2 y 2
3. The number of points on hyperbola   1 from where mutually perpendicular tangents can
a2 b2
be drawn to the circle x 2 + y2 = a2 is ____

NUMERICAL BASED DECIMAL TYPE

1. The angle between the tangents drawn from any point on the circle x 2 + y2 = 3 to the hyperbola
x2
 y2  1 is _____
4
2 2
2. The eccentricity of the conjugate hyperbola of the hyperbola x – 3y = 1 is ____

NUMERICAL BASED (Question Stems) DECIMAL TYPE

Let S be a focus of the hyperbola xy = 1. Let a tangent to the hyperbola at point P cuts the latus rectum
(through S) produced, at point Q and the directrix (corresponding to S) at point T. Also let M be the foot
of perpendicular drawn from the point P to the same directrix. Now,

1. If PTS = 1 and PMS = 2 then 1 / 2 is equal to ______

2. SQ : ST is _____

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 33
LINKED COMPREHENSION TYPE
Read the following write up carefully and answer the following questions:
2
In general four normals can be drawn to the rectangular hyperbola xy = c from any point P(h, k). If these
 c  c  c  c 
normals intersect the curve at A  ct1,  , B  ct 2 ,  , C  ct 3 ,  and D  ct 4 ,  respectively then A, B,
 t1  t 2   t 3   t 4 
C and D are known as feet of co-normal points. Analytically t1, t2, t3, t4 are the roots of the equation
ct4  ht3 + kt  c = 0.
1. The shortest distance between the circle x2 + y2  24x +128 = 0 and the curve given by locus of
P is
(A) 4  2  1 (B) 2  2  1
(C) 4  5  1 (D) 2  5  1

2. Let the normals drawn from the point (, ) to the hyperbola xy = 1 meet the curve at (x i, yi),
where i = 1, 2, 3, 4. If the algebraic sum of the perpendicular distances from (x i, yi), where
i = 1, 2, 3, 4 on a variable line vanishes, then the variable line passes through the point
 
(A)  ,  (B) (4, 4)
 4 4
 
(C)  ,  (D) (2, 2)
 2 2

Read the following write up carefully and answer the following questions:
x2 y2
The circle x 2 + y2  8x = 0 and hyperbola   1 intersect at the points A and B.
9 4
3. Equation of a common tangent with positive slope to the circle as well as to the hyperbola is
(A) 2x  5y  20  0 (B) 2x  5y  4  0
(C) 3x  4y + 8 = 0 (D) 4x  3y + 4 = 0
4. Equation of the circle with AB as its diameter is
(A) x2 + y2  12x + 24 = 0 (B) x2 + y2 + 12x + 24 = 0
2 2
(C) x + y + 24x  12 = 0 (D) x2 + y2  24x  12 = 0
Read the following write up carefully and answer the following questions:
 x  7 2  y  3 2
Consider a hyperbola:   1 . The line 3x – 2y – 25 = 0, which is not a tangent, intersects
a2 b2
 11 
the hyperbola H at  ,  7  only. A variable point P( + 7, 2 – 4)    R exists in the plane of the
3 
given hyperbola.
5. The eccentricity of the hyperbola is
7
(A) (B) 2
5
13 3
(C) (D)
2 2
6. The exhaustive values of  for which two tangents can be drawn one to each branch of the given
hyperbola is
 1 1
(A) (–2, 2) (B)   , 
 2 2
 3 5  11 3 
(C)   ,  (D)   , 
 2 2  4 2

IITJEE-2223-MATHEMATICS-HYPERBOLA
 34
MATCH LIST TYPE
This section contains 1 multiple choice question. This question has matching lists. The codes for the
lists have choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which ONLY ONE is correct.
1. Match the following:
List  I List  II
P. The eccentricity of the conic represented by x 2  y2  4x + 4y + 16 = 0 1. 7
Q. The product of the lengths of perpendiculars from any point of the 2. 1
hyperbola x2  y2 = 8 to its asymptotes is
2 2
R. The number of points, outside the hyperbola x  y = 25 from where 3. 2
two perpendicular tangents can be drawn to the hyperbola is /are
S. The reflection of the curve xy = 1 in the line y = 2x is the curve 4. 4
12x2  rxy + sy2 + t = 0 then the value of r is
Codes :
P Q R S
(A) 3 2 1 4
(B) 3 4 2 1
(C) 3 1 4 2
(D) 4 1 2 3

MATCH FOLLOWING TYPE

Each question contains statements given in two columns which have to be matched. Statements (A, B,
C, D) in column I have to be matched with statements (p, q, r, s, t) in column II.

 x  7 2  y  3 2 2
1. Consider the hyperbola   1 . A variable point P ( + 7,  – 4)    R exists
4 9
in the xy plane. Let BL and BR be left and right branches of the given hyperbola.
Column – I Column – II
(A) The values of  for which 2 distinct real tangents can be drawn to BL from P (p) 2
(B) The values of  for which real tangents can be drawn to both BL and BR from (q) –1
P
(C) The values of  for which only one real tangent can be drawn to BL only from (r) –2
point P
(D) The values of  for which 2 real tangents can be drawn to BR only from point (s) 0
P
(t) 1/2
MATCHING TYPE
Answer questions 1, 2 and 3 by appropriately matching the information given in the three columns of the
following table.
Column – 1 Column – 2 Column – 3
Eccentricity Latus Rectum
(I) If (5, 12) & (24, 7) are foci of a hyperbola passing through (i) 19 (P) 2
origin, then
3
2 2
(II) The equation 16x – 3y – 32x – 12y – 44 = 0 represents a (ii) 2 (Q) 121
hyperbola, then 6
(III) The equation of conic is x 2 – (y – 1)2 = 1 (iii) 386 (R) 32
12 3
(IV) Equation of hyperbola is 7y2 – 9x2 + 54x – 28y – 116 = 0 (iv) 4 (S) 14
3 3

IITJEE-2223-MATHEMATICS-HYPERBOLA
 35
1. Which of the following is correct combination
(A) (IV) (iv) (S) (B) (II) (ii) (Q)
(C) (I) (i) (P) (D) (III) (iii) (R)

2. Which of the following is correct combination

(A) (IV) (iv) (R) (B) (III) (ii) (Q)
(C) (III) (ii) (P) (D) (II) (ii) (Q)

3. Which of the following is correct combination

(A) (II) (i) (S) (B) (I) (iii) (Q)
(C) (I) (iii) (P) (D) (IV) (ii) (R)

MATCH LIST TYPE

FOUR options are given representing matching of elements from LIST - I and LIST- II. ONLY ONE of
these four options corresponds to a correct matching.

1. Match the following :

LIST–I LIST–II
P. 2 2  1. 24
Acute angle between the asymptotes of hyperbola x  3y = 9 is
24
then the value of  is
Q. x2 y 2 2. 16
If the chord x cos + y sin = P of the hyperbola   1 subtends
16 18
a right angle at the centre, a circle touches the given chord and
concentric with hyperbola then the diameter of the circle is
R. If  be the length of the latus-rectum of the hyperbola 16x 2  9y2 + 32x 3. 12
+ 36y  164 = 0 then 3 is equal to
S. For the hyperbola xy = 8 any tangent of it at P meets co-ordinate axes 4. 8
at Q and R then the area of triangle CQR where C is the centre of the
hyperbola
5. 4
6. 32
The correct option is :
(A) P  4; Q  1; R  6; S  2 (B) P  4; Q  2; R  5; S  3
(C) P  6; Q  3; R  5; S  2 (D) P  3; Q  4; R  1; S  2

ASSERTION-REASONING TYPE
This question contains STATEMENT-1 (Assertion) and STATEMENT-2 (Reason).
Option (A) if both the statements are TRUE and STATEMENT-2 is the correct explanation of
STATEMENT-1
Option (B) if both the statements are TRUE but STATEMENT-2 is NOT the correct explanation of
STATEMENT- 1
Option (C) if STATEMENT-1 is TRUE and STATEMENT-2 is FALSE.
Option (D) if STATEMENT-1 is FALSE and STATEMENT-2 is TRUE.

x2 y2
1. Tangents are drawn from the point (7, 6) to the hyperbola  1.
110 25
STATEMENT  1: The tangents are mutually perpendicular.
STATEMENT 2: Because the locus of the points from which mutually perpendicular tangents
2 2
can be drawn to the given hyperbola is x + y = 85.

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36
SECTION - III

MULTI CHOICE SINGLE CORRECT

1. If in a hyperbola, the eccentricity is 3 , and the distance between the foci is 9, then the
equation of the hyperbola in the standard form is
x2 y2 x2 y2
(A) 2
 2
 1 (B) 2
 2
1
 3  3 3 3  3 3 
       
 2   2  2   2 
x2 y2
(C) 2
 2
1 (D) none of these
3 3  3 2
   
 2   2 

2. A point on the hyperbola x 2  3y2 = 9, where the tangent is parallel to the line y + x = 0, is
45  3
(A) 15 , 2 (B) ,
2 2
3 3
(C)  2 3 , 1 (D) 3 , 
2 2

x2 y2
3. The point (at2, 2bt) lies on the hyperbola   1 for
a2 b2
(A) all real values of t (B) t2 = 2 + 5
(C) t2 =  2 + 5 (D) no real values of t

4. The coordinates of a point on the rectangular hyperbola xy = c2 ; the normal at which passes
through the centre of the hyperbola are
(A) (c, c) (B) (c, c)
(C)  c 2, c 2  (D) (2c, c/2)

5. Consider a branch of the hyperbola x 2  2y2  2 2 x  4 2 y  6 = 0 with vertex at the point A.

Let B be one of the end points of its latus rectum. If C is the focus of the hyperbola nearest to the
point A, then area of the triangle ABC is
2 3
(A) 1  (B) 1
3 2
2 3
(C) 1  (D) 1
3 2

x2 y 2
6. If the tangent at the point (2sec, 3tan) of the hyperbola   1 is parallel to 3x y + 4 = 0,
4 9
then the value of  is
 
(A) (B)
6 4
 5
(C) (D)
3 12

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7. The acute angle between the asymptotes of the hyperbola 24x 2  8y2 = 27 is
(A) 90 (B) 60
(C) 45 (D) 30
2 2
8. Equation of the tangents to the hyperbola 2x  3y = 6 which are parallel to the line y = 3x + 4 is
(A) y = 3x  5 (B) y = 3x  6
(C) y = 3x  7 (D) none of these

x2 y2
9. The radius of the director circle of the hyperbola   1 ; 2a > b > 0 is
a  a  4b  b  2a  b 
(A) a2 + b2 + 4ab (B) a + b
(C) a2 + b2 + 2ab (D) (2a + b)2
x2 y2
10. The product of the perpendicular from two foci on any tangent to the hyperbola 2
  1 is
a b2
2
2 b
(A) a (B)  
a
2
a
(C)   (D) b2
b

11. An equation of a tangent to the hyperbola 16x 2  25y2  96x + 100y  356 = 0 which makes an
angle of /4 with the transverse axis is
(A) y = x + 2 (B) y = x + 4
(C) y = x  3 (D) x + y + 2 = 0

12. The line parallel to the normal of the curve xy = 1 is

(A) 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 (B) 3x  4y + 5 = 0
(C) 3y + 4x + 5 =0 (D) none of these

NUMERICAL BASED TYPE

1. Consider the system of hyperbola xy = k, k  R+. Let e1 be the eccentricity when k = 4 and e2 be
the eccentricity when k = 9, then e1  e2 is

2. The number of real points are which the line 3y  2x = 14 cuts the hyperbola
 x  12  y  2 2
  5 is
9 4

NUMERICAL BASED DECIMAL TYPE

1. The area of a square whose edges are parallel to the coordinate axes and vertices lie on the
x2 y 2
curve   1 is (in sq. units)
9 16

2. Tangent at P(2, 3 ) on the hyperbola x2 – y2 = 1 meets its pair of asymptotes at Q and R. If r is

the circumradius of DOQR (where ‘O’ is the centre of hyperbola) then r is equal to

x2 y2 2 2 1
3. An ellipse 2
 2
 1 and the hyperbola x – y = intersect orthogonally. It is given that the
a b 2
a2
eccentricity of the ellipse is reciprocal of that of hyperbola, then is equal to
b2

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ANSWERS TO CHAPTER PRACTICE PROBLEMS

b2 a2
1.  =4 2. 3y + x = 0
y2 x2
 2 
4. e ,
 3 
6. C 7. A 8. C 9. A
10. C 11. B 12. C 13. B
14. B 15. B

ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENTS
SECTION - I
1 2 a3 b3
3. x 2  y2 = (k1  k22). 5.
4  a2  b2 
2

6. y  2x  1 = 0, y + 2x + 1 = 0 9. y  x

10. 6x2 + 13xy + 6y2 – 38x – 37y – 98 = 0 11. (y2  x2)3 = 4a2x2y2
x2 y2 5
15. (i)  1 (ii) x2 + y2 + 4y  x+3=0
16 / 3 5 / 3 2

SECTIONII
MULTI CHOICE SINGLE CORRECT

1. A 2. A 3. D 4. C
5. B 6. D 7. B 8. C
9. D 10. B 11. C 12. C
13. A 14. A 15. C 16. A

MULTI CHOICE MULTI CORRECT

1. B, C, D 2. A, B, C 3. A, C, D 4. A, B, C, D

NUMERICAL BASED TYPE

1. 2 2. 0 3. 4

NUMERICAL BASED DECIMAL TYPE

1. 1.57 2. 2.00

NUMERICAL BASED (Question Stems) DECIMAL TYPE

1. 1.00 2. 1.41

IITJEE-2223-MATHEMATICS-HYPERBOLA
 39
LINKED COMPREHENSION TYPE
1. C 2. A 3. B ` 4. A
5. C 6. B
MATCH LIST TYPE
1. B
MATCH FOLLOWING TYPE

1. (A)  (q) (B)  (s) (C)  (r, t) (D)  (p)

MATCHING TYPE

1. A 2. C 3. B

MATCH LIST TYPE

1. A
ASSERTION-REASONING TYPE
1. A

SECTION - III
MULTI CHOICE SINGLE CORRECT
1. B 2. D 3. B 4. A
5. B 6. A 7. B 8. A
9. B 10. D 11. A 12. B

NUMERICAL BASED TYPE

1. 0 2. 1

NUMERICAL BASED DECIMAL TYPE

1. 20.5714 2. 2.6457 3. 2.0

IITJEE-2223-MATHEMATICS-HYPERBOLA