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Generalized statistically convergent sequences

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DOI: 10.3233/IFS-151858

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Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 30 (2016) 1511–1518 1511
DOI:10.3233/IFS-151858
IOS Press

Generalized statistically convergent

sequences of fuzzy numbers
M. Mursaleena,∗ , H.M. Srivastavab,c and Sunil K. Sharmad
a Department of Mathematics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

PY
b Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
c China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
d Department of Mathematics, Model Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kot Bhalwal,

Jammu and Kashmir, India

CO
Abstract. The main object of this paper is to define certain new spaces of statistically convergent and strongly summable
sequences of fuzzy numbers. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for a sequence of fuzzy numbers to be fuzzy λ-
statistically pre-Cauchy and fuzzy λ-statistically convergent. We also establish some inclusion relations between the associated
OR
sets wF (M, p, λ) and S F (λ) supported by some numerical examples.

Keywords: Fuzzy numbers , Fuzzy sequences , Orlicz function , Cauchy sequence , λ-statistically pre-Cauchy sequence
TH

1. Introduction complex sequences which was studied further by

Fridy [14], Connor [6] and many other authors. In
AU

The concepts of fuzzy sets and fuzzy set operations
were first introduced by Zadeh [30]. Subsequently,
several authors discussed various aspects of the the-
ory and applications of fuzzy sets such as fuzzy
topological spaces, similarity relations and fuzzy
orderings, fuzzy measures of fuzzy events, fuzzy
mathematical programming and ranking method for
generalized fuzzy numbers (cf. [11, 15]). Matloka
[19] introduced bounded and convergent sequences
of fuzzy numbers and studied some of their proper-
ties. The concept of statistical convergence is closely
related to the concept of convergence in probability,
was introduced by Fast [13] and also independently
by Buck [4] and Schoenberg [27] for real and
∗ Corresponding author. M. Mursaleen, Department of Math-
ematics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar
Pradesh, India. E-mail: mursaleenm@gmail.com.
recent years, generalizations of statistical conver-
gence have appeared in the study of strong integral
summability and the structure of ideals of bounded
continuous functions on locally compact spaces. The
existing literature on statistical convergence appears
to have been restricted to real or complex sequences,
but in the works by Nanda [24], Savaş [26], Mursaleen
and Basarir [20], Kumar and Kumar [17], Kumar et al.
[16], and Dündar and Talo [9], the idea of statistical
convergence was extended to include sequences of
fuzzy numbers. Most recently, statistical convergence
has applications in approximation theory which is
known as statistical approximation (see the recent
works [10, 21] and [29]).
In this paper, we define and study the λ-bounded
and λ-convergent, λ-Cauchy, λ-statistically con-
vergent, λ-statistically Cauchy sequences of fuzzy
numbers and find their inclusion relations. All these

1064-1246/16/$35.00 © 2016 – IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved
1512 M. Mursaleen et al. / Generalized statistically convergent sequences of fuzzy numbers

classes provide a helpful tool in studying various [X + Y ]α = [X]α + [Y ]α

types of convergence problems for sequences of
fuzzy numbers. Like sequences of real numbers, these and
summabilty methods of fuzzy sequences can also be [μX]α = μ[X]α
applied in fuzzy approximation.
First we recall some basic definitions and notations for each 0  α  1. We define, for each 1  q < ∞,
of fuzzy numbers and sequences of fuzzy numbers.  1
1 q
A fuzzy number is a fuzzy set on the real axis,
dq (X, Y ) = δ∞ (Xα , Y α )q dα
that is, a mapping X : Rn → [0, 1] which satisfies 0
the following four conditions:
and
1. X is normal, that is, there exists an x0 ∈ Rn such
that X(x0 ) = 1; d∞ (X, Y ) = sup δ∞ (Xα , Y α ).

PY
2. X is fuzzy convex, that is, for x, y ∈ Rn and 0α1

0  β  1, Clearly, we have
 
X βx + (1 − β)y  min{X(x), X(y)}; d∞ (X, Y ) = lim dq (X, Y )
q→∞
3. X is upper semi-continuous;

CO
with dq  dr if q  r. Moreover, dq is a complete,
4. The closure of
separable and locally compact metric space. In this
{x : x ∈ Rn and X(x) > 0}, paper, d will denote dq with 1  q  ∞.
which is denoted by [X]0 , is compact. Definition 1. A sequence X = (Xk )k∈N of fuzzy
numbers is said to be bounded if the set
Let
supk d(Xk , 0) < ∞.
OR
C(Rn ) = {A : A ⊂ Rn A sequence X = (Xk )k∈N of fuzzy numbers is said
to be convergent to the fuzzy number X0 , written as
and Ais compact and convex}.
follows:
The space C(Rn ) has a linear structure induced by
lim Xk = X0 ,
the following operations: k→∞
TH

A + B = {a + b : a ∈ A, b ∈ B} if for every  > 0 there exists a positive integer k0

such that
and
d(Xk , X0 ) <  (k > k0 ).
μA = {μa : a ∈ A}
F and cF we denote the set of all
AU

By l∞
for A, B ∈ C(Rn ) and μ ∈ R. The Hausdorff distance bounded and convergent sequences of fuzzy numbers,
between A and B of C(Rn ) is defined as follows: respectively.
δ∞ (A, B)
  Definition 2. Let X = (Xk )k∈N be a sequence of
= max sup inf a − b, sup inf a − b , fuzzy numbers. Then the sequence X = (Xk )k∈N is
a∈A b∈B b∈B a∈A said to be λ-statistically convergent to the fuzzy num-
ber X0 if, for every  > 0,
where . denotes the usual Euclidean norm in Rn . It
is well known that (C(Rn ), δ∞ ) is a complete (non- 1
lim {k  n : d(k (X), X0 )  } = 0,
separable) metric space. n→∞ n
For 0 < α  1, the α-level set where the vertical bars indicate the number of ele-
X = {x : x ∈ R
α n
and X(x)  α} ments in the enclosed set. In this case we write
 
is a nonempty compact convex subset of Rn , as is Xk → X0 S F (λ)
the support X0 . Let L(Rn ) denote the set of all fuzzy or
numbers. The linear structure of L(Rn ) induces addi-
tion X + Y and scalar multiplication μX, μ ∈ R, in SF (λ) lim Xk = X0 .
k→∞
terms of α-level sets, by
 M. Mursaleen et al. / Generalized statistically convergent sequences of fuzzy numbers 1513

The set of all λ-statistically convergent sequences A sequence of fuzzy numbers X = (Xk )k∈N is said
of fuzzy numbers is denoted by S F (λ) see (see, for to be
details, [3] and [20]). We note that
1. λ-bounded if the set {k (X) : k ∈ N} of fuzzy
SF (λ) lim Xk = X0 . numbers is bounded;
k→∞
2. λ-convergent to the fuzzy number X0 , written
Definition 3. A sequence X = (Xk )k∈N of fuzzy as follows:
numbers is said to be a λ-Cauchy sequence if, for
every  > 0, there is a positive integer N0 such that lim k (X) = X0 ,
k→∞
d(k (X),  (X)) <  for all k,  > N0 (see [19]).
if (for every  > 0) there exists a positive integer
Definition 4. A sequence X = (Xk )k∈N of fuzzy k0 such that
numbers is said to be a λ-statistically Cauchy if, for

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every  > 0, there exists a positive integer N = N() d(k (X), X0 ) <  (k > k0 ).
such that
F (λ) and cF (λ) we denote the sets of all λ-
By l∞
1
lim {k  n : d(k (X), N (X))  } = 0. bounded and all λ-convergent sequences of fuzzy
n→∞ n
numbers, respectively.
For more details about fuzzy sequence spaces, see
([1, 2, 12, 28]) as well as the references cited therein.
The concept of statistical pre-Cauchy sequence
was given by Connor et al. [7] for scalar sequences.
CO
Definition 7. Let p = (pk )k∈N be a bounded
sequence of positive real numbers. Also let M be
an Orlicz function. For some fuzzy number X0 , we
define a class of fuzzy sequences as follows:
It is shown that statistically convergent sequences are
statistically pre-Cauchy and any bounded statistically
wF (M, p, λ) = {X = (Xk ) : lim
OR
pre-Cauchy sequence with a nowhere dense set of n→∞
limit points is statistically convergent. n
1
[M(d(k (X), X0 ))]pk = 0}
Definition 5. A sequence X = (Xk )k∈N of fuzzy n
k=1
numbers is said to be a λ-statistically pre-Cauchy
if, for every  > 0, there exists a positive integer where an Orlicz function is a function M : [0, ∞) →
TH

N = N() such that [0, ∞), which is continuous, non-decreasing and

convex with M(0) = 0, M(x) > 0 (x > 0) and
1
lim {k  n : d(k (X), N (X))  } = 0. limx→∞ M(x) = ∞. If convexity of the Orlicz func-
n→∞ n2 tion M(x) is replaced by the property that M(x + y) 
The idea of a fuzzy real valued statistically pre- M(x) + M(y), then this function is called the mod-
AU

Cauchy sequences is studied in [8].
In this paper, we define the concept of λ-bounded
and λ-convergent sequences of fuzzy numbers which
for real numbers were defined by Mursaleen and
Noman (see [22] and [23]).
ulus function (see Ruckle [25]). An Orlicz function
M is said to satisfy the 2 -condition for all values
of u if there exists K > 0 such that M(2u)  KM(u)
(u  0).

Definition 6. Let λ = (λk )∞k=1 be a strictly increasing 2. Main results

sequence of positive real numbers tending to infinity,
that is,
0 < λ1 < λ2 < λ3 < · · · and λk → ∞ as k → ∞.
We then say that a sequence x = (xk ) ∈ w is
λ-convergent to the number L, called the λ-limit of
x, if m (x) −→ L as m → ∞, where
We begin by stating the following result.
Theorem 1. Let X = (Xk )k∈N be a sequence of fuzzy
numbers and M be a bounded Orlicz function. Then
X is a fuzzy λ-statistically pre-Cauchy sequence if
and only if

m 1
1 lim [M(d(k (X), j (X))] = 0. (1)
m (x) = (λk − λk−1 )xk , λ0 = 0. n→∞ n2
λm j,kn
k=1
1514 M. Mursaleen et al. / Generalized statistically convergent sequences of fuzzy numbers

Proof. First of all, we suppose that the condition (1) Since X is λ-statistically pre-Cauchy sequence,
is satisfied. Then, for each given  > 0 and n ∈ N, we there is an N such that the last member of (2) is less
have than  for all n > N. Hence we have the condition
(1).
1 This completes the proof of Theorem 1.
[M(d(k (X), j (X)))]
n2
j,kn
Theorem 2. Let M be an Orlicz function and p =
(pk )k∈N be any bounded sequence of positive real
1 numbers. Suppose also that
= [M(d(k (X), j (X)))]
n2
j,kn
[d(k (X),j (X))<] 0 < h = inf pk  pk  sup pk = H < ∞.
k∈N k∈N
1
+ 2 [M(d(k (X), j (X)))]

PY
n Then for any sequence X of fuzzy numbers, we have
j,kn
[d(k (X),j (X))]

1 wF (M, p, λ) ⊂ S F (λ).
 [M(d(k (X), j (X)))]
n2

CO
j,kn
[d(k (X),j (X))]
Proof. Let X ∈ wF (M, p, λ). For given  > 0, let
1 and denote the sum over k  n with
 M() |{(j, k) : j, k  n,
n2 1 2
d(k (X), j (X))  }|. d(k (X), X0 )   and the sum over k  n with
d(k (X), X0 ) < , respectively. Then
OR
Thus, clearly, X is a fuzzy λ-statistically pre-Cauchy 1
[M(d(k (X), X0 ))]pk
sequence. n
j,kn
Conversely, let us suppose that X is a λ-statistically

pre-Cauchy sequence and  > 0 be given. We then 1
choose δ > 0 such that M(δ) < 2 . Since the Orlicz = [M(d(k (X), X0 ))]pk
n
1
TH

function M is bounded, there exists an integer T such 

that M(d(k (X), 0̄)) < T for all d(k (X), 0̄), where
+ [M(d(k (X), X0 ))] pk
0̄ is the zero sequence. For each n ∈ N, we now write
2
1
1  [M(d(k (X), X0 ))]pk
AU

[M(d(k (X), j (X)))] n

1
n2
j,kn
1
1  [M()]pk
= 2 [M(d(k (X), j (X)))] n
1
n
j,kn 1
[d(k (X),j (X))<δ]  min [M()]h , [M()]H
n
1 1
+ [M(d(k (X), j (X)))]
n2 1
j,kn = |{k  n : d(k (X), X0 )  }|
[d(k (X),j (X))δ] n
1 × min [M()]h , [M()]H ,
 M(δ) + [M(d(k (X), j (X)))]
n2
j,kn
[d(k (X),j (X))δ] which shows that X ∈ S F (λ). This completes the
 proof of Theorem 2.
 1
 +T {(j, k) : j, k  n, √
2 n2 Example 1. [5] Take M (X) = X, λn = n
 (n = 1, 2, 3, ...) and pk = 1. Define the sequence
d(k (X), j (X))  δ} . (2)
(Xk ) as follows:
 M. Mursaleen et al. / Generalized statistically convergent sequences of fuzzy numbers 1515

⎧ ⎫
⎪
⎪
x
+ 1, if − k3 ≤ x ≤ 0⎪ ⎬ 
1
[T ]pk +
1
[M()]pk
⎪
⎪ k3
⎪
⎪ − x
+ ≤ 3 , for k = n
3 n n
⎪
⎪ 3 1, if 0 < x k
⎪
1 2
⎪
⎨
k
⎭
0, otherwise  1
Xk (x) = ⎫  max 1, [T ]H |{k  n : d(k (X), X0 )  }|
⎪
⎪ x − 4, if 4 ≤ x ≤ 5 ⎬ ⎪ n
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪ −x + 6, if 5 < x ≤ 6 ,
⎪
⎪ k=/ n3 + max [M()]h , [M()]H
⎪
⎩ ⎪
⎭
0, otherwise
Hence X ∈ wF (M, p, λ). This completes the proof
Then we obtain of Theorem 3.
 
−k3 (1 − α) , k3 (1 − α) , if k = n3 Example 2. [5] Take M (X) = X, λn = n and pk =
[Xk ] =
α
1. Consider the fuzzy sequence X = (Xk ) as follows
[4 + α, 6 − α] , if k =
/ n3

PY
and
⎧ 3  3  3  3 
⎨ −k − 6 + α k + 1 , k − 4 − α k + 1 ,
⎪

if k = n3 ;
[ Xk ]α = − (k + 1)3 (1 − α) + 4 + α, (k + 1)3 (1 − α) + 6 − α , if k + 1 = n3 ;

CO
⎪
⎩
[−2 + 2α, 2 − 2α] , otherwise.

Then Xk ∈ S F (λ), but Xk ∈ / wF (M, p, λ). Hence

the inclusion in Theorem 2 is strict. 
1̄, k even
Xk (x) =
Theorem 3. Let M be a bounded Orlicz function and −1̄, k odd
OR
let p = (pk )k∈N be any bounded sequence of positive
real numbers. If where

2̄, k even
0 < h = inf pk  pk  sup pk = H < ∞, Xk (x) =
k∈N k∈N −2̄, k odd
TH

then for a bounded sequence X of fuzzy numbers, we Now d ( X2k , X2k+1 ) = sup δ∞ ([2̄]α , [−2̄]α )
have =4= / 0 so X2k (x) does not convergence in
L(Rn ).
S F (λ) ⊂ wF (M, p, λ). However
 
AU

2k
  1
Proof. Let X ∈ S F (λ). Suppose that the Orlicz func- d S2k , 0̄ = d Xn , 0̄ = 0,
tion M is bounded. Let  > 0 be given and let and 2k
n=1
1
 
denote the sum over k  n with d(k (X), X0 )  −2 + 2 − 2 + 2 − ... + 2  
2
d , 0̄ = d 0̄, 0̄ = 0
2k
 and the sum over k  n with d(k (X), X0 ) < ,
respectively. Since M is bounded, there exists an inte- and
ger T such that [M(d(k (X), X0 ))] < T. Thus we  2k+1

  1
have d S2k+1 , 0̄ = d Xn , 0̄
2k + 1
n=1
1  
[M(d(k (X), X0 ))]pk −2 + 2 − 2 + 2 − ... + 2
n =d , 0̄
kn
2k + 1
1  
= [M(d(k (X), X0 ))]pk −2 + 2 − 2 + 2 − ... + 2
n =d , 0̄
1 2k + 1
+ [M(d(k (X), X0 ))]pk 2
=
2 2k + 1
1516 M. Mursaleen et al. / Generalized statistically convergent sequences of fuzzy numbers

where 1) M(K )
Then, taking M(K
K1
= K and K1 1 = K , we get
k (4). This completes the proof of Lemma 1.
1
Sk = Xn
k Theorem 5. Let M be an Orlicz function and let p =
n=1
  (pk )k∈N be any bounded sequence of positive real
so d S2k , 0̄ → 0 as k → ∞. Thus ( Xk ) is numbers. If 0 < pk  qk and (qk /pk ) is bounded,
wF (M, p, λ) summable to 0̄, but ( Xk ) is not in then
S F (λ).

Theorem 4. Let X = (Xk )k∈N be a sequence of fuzzy wF (M, q, λ) ⊂ wF (M, p, λ).

numbers and p = (pk ) be any bounded sequence of
positive real numbers. If Proof. In light of Lemma 1, it is easy to prove

PY
Theorem 5, so we omit the details involved.
0 < h = inf pk  pk  sup pk = H < ∞,
k∈N k∈N Theorem 6. Let X = (Xk )k∈N be a sequence of fuzzy
then X is fuzzy λ-statistically convergent to X0 if and numbers. Then X is a fuzzy λ-statistically pre-Cauchy
only if sequence if and only if

lim
n→∞
1
n2
[M(d(k (X), X0 ))]pk = 0
j,kn

for any Orlicz function M.

(3)
CO lim
n→∞
1
n2
[(d(k (X), j (X)))] = 0.
j,kn
(5)

Proof. By Lemma 1, there exist two numbers K and

Proof. It is easy to prove Theorem 4 by means of L such that
OR
Theorems 2 and 3. The details involved are being
omitted here. Kd(k (X), j (X))  M(d(k (X), j (X)))
 Ld(k (X), j (X)).
3. A set of Lemmas and their consequences
TH

Consequently, we have
In this section, we prove several lemmas and apply
them to deduce further inclusion relatioships. 1
lim [(d(k (X), j (X)))] = 0
n→∞ n2
Lemma 1. Let M be an Orlicz function. Then there j,kn
exist K, K > 0 such that
AU

1
⇐⇒ lim [M(d(k (X), j (X)))] = 0,
K|xk |  M(|xk |)  K |xk | (k ∈ N). (4) n→∞ n2
j,kn

Proof. Suppose that (xk )k∈N is a zero sequence. Then,

clearly, the inequalities in (4) are satisfied. Let K1  which obviously proves Theorem 6.
|xk |  L1 hold true when K1 > 0. Since M is non-
Remark 1. From Theorems 1 and 6, we conclude that
decreasing, we get
Conditions (1) and (5) are equivalent.
M(K1 )  M(|xk |)  M(K1 ). Lemma 2. Let M be an Orlicz function. Then each
of the following assertions holds true:
Furthermore, since
M(t)
|xk | |xk | (i) lim = β exists;
1 and  1 (k ∈ N), t→∞ t
K1 K1
(ii) If 0 < δ < 1, then M(x)  2M(1)δ−1 x for each
we may write x  δ.
|xk | |xk |
M(K1 )  M(|xk |)  M(K1 ) . Proof. Lemma 2 can be proved fairly easily (see, for
K1 K1 details, [18]).
 M. Mursaleen et al. / Generalized statistically convergent sequences of fuzzy numbers 1517

Theorem 7. Let M be an Orlicz function. If [3] T. Bilgin, -Statistical and strong -Cesàro convergence
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[6] J.S. Connor, The statistical and strong p-Cesàro convergence
of sequences, Analysis 8 (1988), 47–63.
Proof. It is easy to prove that [7] J.S. Connor, J. Fridy and J. Kline, Statistically pre-Cauchy
sequences, Analysis 14 (1994), 311–317.
wF (M, λ) ⊂ wF (λ). [8] A.J. Dutta and B.C. Tripathy, Statistically pre-Cauchy
Fuzzy real-valued sequences defined by Orlicz func-
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[10] E. Erkuş, O. Duman and H.M. Srivastava, Statistical approx-
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TH

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n
d(k (X),X0 )≥δ [16] P. Kumar, S.S. Bhatia and V. Kumar, On lacunary statisti-
 cal limit and cluster points of sequences of fuzzy numbers,
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= + 2M(1)δ−1 Sn ,
AU

n [18] I.J. Maddox, Inclusions between FK spaces and Kuttner’s
where we have made use of the assertion (ii) of
Lemma 2. It follows that
X ∈ wF (M, λ).
This completes the proof of Theorem 8.
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