Lab 4

Objective

The objective is to investigate the performance of a centrifugal pump at the

point of view of head vs flow rate in three separate cases single pump , two
identical pumps in series and two in parallel

Calculation

Givens
Cd = 0.6
do = 0.01 m
Ao = 7 . 85∗10−5 m2

Equations
Single Pump Procedures

1-isolate the first pump by closing it is isolation valves and open regulation
valve
2- start the second pump and make sure to wait till air is out of the system
3-take the orifice U-tube manometer reading and pump U-tube manometer
reading
4-start to reduce the flow by the regulation valve
5- take the new readings of the previous U-tube manometer
6-repeat former steps two more times and record all the data in you data sheet

Single pump
 Y 0 HQ 1.5 2 4

14 H 0 0.189 0.252 0.504

Ps -0.1 -0.15 -0.2 -0.25
12
Pd
1.15 0.8 0.75 0.5
single
10 P
1.25 0.95 0.95 0.75
HEAD
8 12.75 9.69 9.69 7.65
Q
H

6
0 9.07E-05 0.000105 0.000148

0
0 0.00002 0.00004 0.00006 0.00008 0.0001 0.00012 0.00014 0.00016

Q
Two Pumps in Parallels Procedures

1- close the valve that connects the two pumps and waits for any air to
circulate out of the system
2- take the orifice U-tube manometer reading and pumps U-tube manometer
reading
3- start to reduce the flow by the regulation valve
4- take the new readings of the previous U-tube manometer
5- repeat former steps two more times and record all the data in you data
sheet
Two Pumps in Parallels
y
0 1.3 2 3

h
0 0.1638 0.252 0.378

Ps
-0.14 -0.25 -0.3 -0.35
Pd
Parallel 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.4

P
1.04 0.75 0.8 0.75

HEAD
10.608 7.65 8.16 7.65

Q-APR
0 0.000181 0.000209 0.000296
Q_t
0 8.44E-05 0.000105 0.000128

12

EPR APR

10

6
H

0
0 0.00002 0.00004 0.00006 0.00008 0.0001 0.00012 0.00014
Q
Two Pump in series Procedures

1- Open pump 1 outlet valve, close pump 2 outlet valve and wait for any air to
circulate
out of the system
2- take the orifice U-tube manometer reading and pumps U-tube manometer
reading
3- start to reduce the flow by the regulation valve
4- take the new readings of the previous U-tube manometer
5- repeat former steps two more times and record all the data in you data sheet
6-After taking the final set of data, fully open the gate valve again
Two Pumps in Series
y
0 1 2 4
h
0 0.126 0.252 0.504

Ps
-0.1 -0.11 -0.2 -0.25

Pd
1.1 0.9 0.8 0.55

Series P
1.2 1.01 1 0.8
P_t
2.4 2.02 2 1.6
HEAd APR
25.5 19.38 19.38 15.3
HEAD_t
24.48 20.604 20.4 16.32

Q
0 7.4E-05 0.000105 0.000148

30
HQ

EPR APR
25

20

15
H

10

0
0 0.00002 0.00004 0.00006 0.00008 0.0001 0.00012 0.00014 0.00016

Q
 Comments
 there is an error in the readings which is obvious in series graph the curve
should not have this hub at the end of the curve it should be like this one but
at the end it made it is purpose.
 you can get a higher head for the same flow rate by working in series and a
higher flow rate by working in parallel theoretically in the case of identical
pumps like this one the head and flow rates should be multiplied by the
number of pumps.
 in series mode the readings are not exactly like the theoretical ones the head
should be double the one of single pump but the deviation is acceptable.
 in parallel mode the head of the two pumps does not match there is a clear
deviation.
 this could be due to difference in efficiencies between the two pumps and
difference in the pattern of wearing out of components and human error.
 there is a common working area between parallel and series what decides
which one to use is the intersection of system curve with those curves or to
be precise the head and flow rate needed in the system and if both will work
off cures the one with highest efficiency would be applied.

Conclusion
if higher head is needed series in the right choice
if higher flow is needed parallel is the choice
put at the end the system curve demand is what decides