See Section D of your Wall Chart

OPEN CHART

Presenting data in graphic form

numerical display table chart

bar chart flow chart pie chart category

graph line graph vary trend

- NEW WORK
Repeat
numerical / display / table / chart / bar chart / flow chart /
pie chart / category / graph / line graph / vary / trend

Listen
"Vary" is a verb. It is to be different in different situations.

"Category" is a noun. It means a group of people or things that have similar qualities.

"Trend" is a noun. It means a gradual change or development that produces a particular result.

"Table" is a noun. It means a way of showing detailed pieces of information, especially facts or numbers, by arranging them in rows and lines across and down a page.
(Note: See section D of the wall chart)

"Display" is a noun. It means the arrangement of things for people to look at.

"Chart" is a noun. It means a list, drawing showing information in a way that is easy to understand.
(Note: See section D of the wall chart)

For example,
bar chart, flow chart, pie chart, etc.
A pie chart’s useful for comparing relative quantities for a small number of categories.
We can use a pie chart, a bar chart, or a table to show the results of a survey asking the public which of five particular products they liked most.
By a flow chart, we mean a diagram that shows the different events or stages in a process. We could show a recruitment process in a flow chart.
Of these three methods: a pie chart, a bar chart, or a table, a pie chart would most clearly show the percentage of customers that preferred each product.

"Graph" is a noun. It means a picture that uses lines or curves to show the relationship between numbers or measurements change
(Note: See section D of the wall chart)

For example,
Line graphs and bar charts are best for showing how data varies over time.

"Numerical" is a noun. It means something expressed in numbers.

For example,
When we present numerical data to people, we often use chart or graph rather than just show the data in table because it can be easier to understand numerical data when it’s displayed in a chart or graph.

NEW WORK - CLOSE

-Q&A
Let's practice

When we present numerical data to people, why do we

often use a chart or graph rather than just show the data
in a table?
When we present numerical data to people, we often use a
chart or graph rather than just show the data in a table,
because it can be easier to understand numerical data when
it’s displayed in a chart or graph.

Which two ways of displaying information are best for

showing how data varies over time?
Line graphs and bar charts are best for showing how data
varies over time.

And which of those graphic forms would you choose if

you wanted to display a trend over a long period – for
example, in property prices?
I’d choose ... if I wanted to display a
trend over a long period – for example, in property prices.

Why?

What’s a pie chart useful for?

A pie chart’s useful for comparing relative quantities for a
small number of categories.

Which display methods could we use to show the results

of a survey asking the public which of five particular
products they liked most?
We could use a pie chart, a bar chart, or a table to show
the results of a survey asking the public which of five
particular products they liked most.

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And of those three methods, which would most clearly

show the percentage of customers that preferred each
product?
Of those three methods, a pie chart would most clearly show
the percentage of customers that preferred each product.

What do we mean by a flow chart?

 By a flow chart, we mean a diagram that shows the different
events or stages in a process.

Give me an example of something we could show in a

flow chart.
We could show a recruitment selection process in a flow
chart.
Students read Lesson 2 on page 8

sack fire make redundant

lay off downsize

- NEW WORK
Repeat
sack / fire / make redundant / lay off / downsize

Listen
"Sack" is a verb. We usually say someone’s been sacked when it’s their own fault they lost their job.

"Fire" is a verb. It is another word we can use instead of “sack”.

For example,
They fired her for being late all the time.

"Make redundant" - if someone is made redundant, they have been told they must leave their job because they are no longer needed.

For example,
When somebody loses their job as a result of a company needing to downsize, we say that the person has been made redundant.

"Lay off" or (lay somebody off) is a phrasal verb. is another expression we can use instead of “make somebody redundant”.

For example,
During the recession, we had to lay off a lot of staff.

"Downsize" is a verb. It means to make a company smaller by reducing the number of workers.

NEW WORK - CLOSE

-Q&A
Let's practice

When somebody loses their job as a result of a company

needing to downsize, do we say the person has been
sacked or made redundant?
When somebody loses their job as a result of a company
needing
to downsize we say the person has been made redundant.

So when do we usually say that someone’s been

sacked?
We usually say that someone's been sacked when it’s their
own fault they lost their job.

What’s another verb we can use instead of “sack”?

Another verb we can use instead of “sack” is “fire”.

Give me an example, please.

They fired her for being late all the time.

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And what’s another expression we can use instead of

“make somebody redundant”?
Another expression we can use instead of “make somebody
redundant” is “lay somebody off“.

Give me an example, please.

During the recession, we had to lay off a lot of staff.

invest investor investment

return (n)* ethical

- NEW WORK
Repeat
invest / investor / investment / return (n)* / ethical

Listen
"Invest" is a verb. It means to use your money with the goal of making a profit from it.

For example,
buying property or buying stock in a company

"Investor" is a noun. It is a person or an organization that invests money.

"Investment" is a noun. It is the money used in a way that may provide more money.

"Return" is a noun. It means the profit from an investment or business.

"Ethical" is an adjective. It means morally right and good.

For example,
Some investors consider the ethical aspects of investment whereas some simply consider the annual return they expect to get from it.

NEW WORK - CLOSE

-Q&A
Let's practice
Would you ever approach a close personal friend to
invest in a business idea you had?
Yes, I'd approach a close personal friend to invest in a
business idea I had.
~No, I would never approach a close personal friend to
invest in a business idea I had.

Is it more common these days for investors to consider

the ethical aspects of an investment in addition to
simply the annual return they can expect to get from it?
Yes, it’s more common these days for investors to consider
the ethical aspects
of an investment in addition to simply the annual return they
can expect to get from it.

stock surplus storage obsolete

- NEW WORK
Repeat
stock / surplus / storage / obsolete

Listen
"Stock" is a noun. It is an amount of something that you keep so that you can use it when you need it.

"Surplus" is a nouin. It is an amount of money or goods that are left because a business has more than it needs.

"Storage" is a noun. It means space where things can be stored.

"Obsolete" is an adjective. It means no longer used because of being replaced by something newer and more effective.

For example,
A company might decide to throw surplus stock away rather than keep it in storage and wait for demand to increase because the stock has reached the end of its shelf life, the charges for warehouse storage are too high, the stock is now obsolete.

NEW WORK - CLOSE

-Q&A
Let's practice

Why might a company decide to throw surplus stock

away rather than keep it in storage and wait for demand
to increase?
A company might decide to throw surplus stock away rather
than keep it in storage and wait for demand to increase
because the stock has reached the end of its shelf life, the
charges for warehouse storage are too high, the stock is now
obsolete, etc.

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Cc = Carbon copy Bcc = Blind carbon copy

field copy somebody in (on …)

- NEW WORK
Repeat
Cc = Carbon copy / Bcc = Blind carbon copy / field / copy somebody in (on …)

Listen
"Cc = Carbon copy"

For example,
When composing an email, we put an address in the Cc field in order to copy somebody in on that email.

"Bcc = Blind carbon copy"

For example,
If you wanted to copy a colleague in on an email to a client without the client knowing anyone else had been copied in, you’d put your colleague’s email address in the “Bcc” field.

"Feld" is a noun. It is an area in which a particular type of information is placed.

"Copy somebody in (on AN EMAIL)" means to send an email to someone, even though they are not the most important recipient of the message.
In an email program, you usually write the address of the people you mainly want to send the message to in the "To:" field.
If there are other people who might be interested in this information but don't have to reply to your message, you include them in the "Cc:" field.
You say that you "copied them on" the message.

NEW WORK - CLOSE

-Q&A
Let's practice

When composing an email, when do we put an address

in the “Cc” field?
When composing an email we put an address in the “Cc”
field in order to copy somebody in on that email.

If you wanted to copy a colleague in on an email to a

client without the client knowing anyone else had been
copied in, where would you put your colleague’s email
address?
If I wanted to copy a colleague in on an email to a client
without the client
knowing anyone else had been copied in, I’d put my
colleague's email address in the “Bcc” field.

What do the abbreviations “Cc” and “Bcc” stand for?

 The abbreviations “Cc” and “Bcc” stand for “Carbon copy”
and “Blind carbon copy”.

Dictation 1

There's no need to do Dictation.

SKIP THIS PAGE

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multinational (multinational company)

- NEW WORK
Repeat
multinational (multinational company)

Listen
By a multinational company, we don’t just mean a business that sells its products in other countries; we mean a company that has significant operations based in several different countries.

NEW WORK - CLOSE

-Q&A
Let's practice

What do we mean by a multinational company?

By a multinational company, we mean a business that has
significant operations based in several different countries.

Name me a well-known multinational?

Apple Inc. is a well-known multinational company.

portfolio* publicize

- NEW WORK
Repeat
portfolio* / publicize

Listen
"Portfolio*" is a noun. It means a Portfolio of clients or a list of clients.

For example,
A freelance hairdresser can start to build a portfolio of clients by asking friends and family to recommend them, publicizing their services in their local area, etc.

"Publicize" is a verb. It means to give information about something to the public.

For example,
My friend is busy publicizing [=promoting] his book.

NEW WORK - CLOSE

-Q&A
Let's practice

How can a freelance hairdresser, for example, start to

build a portfolio of clients?
A freelance hairdresser can start to build a portfolio of clients
by asking friends and family to recommend them, publicizing
their services in their local area, etc.

headquarters (head office)

coordinate (co-ordinate)

- NEW WORK
Repeat
headquarters (head office) / coordinate (co-ordinate)

Listen
"Headquarters (head office)" - We call the main location from which a business coordinates its operations, the headquarters, or head office.

For example,
QQEnglish company's headquarters is in Cebu, Philippines.

"Coordinate (co-ordinate)" is a verb. It means to make arrangements so that two or more people or groups of people can work together properly and well.

For example,
The agencies are working together to co­ordinate policy on food safety.

NEW WORK - CLOSE

-Q&A
Let's practice

What do we call the main location from which a business

coordinates its operations?
We call the main location from which a business coordinates
its operations the headquarters, or head office.

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