Data Visualization

Karthick Myilvahanan, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Business Systems
Data visualization is the process
of creating graphical
representations of information.

This process helps the presenter

communicate data in a way that’s
easy for the viewer to interpret
and draw conclusions.

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Data Visualization Techniques
•Pie Chart
•Bar Chart
• Histogram
•Gantt Chart •Pictogram Chart
•Heat Map • Timeline
•Box and Whisker Plot •Highlight Table •Bullet
•Waterfall Chart Graph •Choropleth Map
•Area Chart •Word Cloud •Network
Diagram •Correlation
Matrices

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Pie Chart

Pie charts are ideal for illustrating

proportions, or part- to-whole
comparisons.

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Bar Chart / Bar Graph
In this type of visualization, one axis of the
chart shows the categories being compared, and
the other, a measured value.
The length of the bar indicates how each
group measures according to the value.

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Histogram
Histograms illustrate the distribution of data over a continuous
interval or defined period.

These visualizations
concentrated, as wellare helpfulthere
as where in identifying
are gaps orwhere values
unusual are
values.

Histograms are especially useful for showing the frequency of a

particular occurrence.

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Gantt Chart
Gantt charts are particularly common in project
management, as they’re useful in illustrating a project
timeline or progression of tasks.
In
on this type of chart,
the vertical tasks
axis and to intervals
time be performed
on thearehorizontal
listed

axis. Horizontal
the duration barsactivity.
of each in the body of the chart represent

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Heat Map
A heat map is a type of visualization used to show differences
in data through variations in color.

These
makes charts
it easyuse
for color to communicate
the viewer values intrends.
to quickly identify a way Having
that

a clear legend is necessary in order for a user to successfully

read and interpret a heatmap.

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 A Box and Whisker Plot
A box and whisker plot, or box plot, provides a visual
summary of data through its quartiles.
First, a box
third of is drawn
the data from
set. A linethe first the
within quartile to the
box represents
the median.from
extending “Whiskers,”
the box toorthe
lines, are then
minimum drawnextreme)
(lower
and maximumpoints
by individual (upperthat
extreme). Outliers
are in-line with are
the represented
whiskers.

This typeorofnot
whether chart
the isdata
helpful in quickly or
is symmetrical identifying
skewed.

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Waterfall Chart
Waterfall chart is a visual representation that illustrates
how a value changes as it’s influenced by different
factors, such as time.
The main
a value hasgoal of this
grown chart is to
or declined show
over the viewer
a defined how
period.
For example,
spending waterfallover
or earnings charts are popular for showing
time.

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Area Chart
An area chart, or area graph, is a variation on a
basic line graph in which the area underneath the
line is shaded to represent the total value of each
data point.
When several data series must be compared on
the same graph, stacked area charts are used.

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Scatter Plot
A scatter plot displays data for two variables as
represented by points plotted against the horizontal and
vertical axis.
This type of data that
the relationships visualization is useful
exist between in illustrating
variables and can be
used to identify trends or correlations in data.

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Pictogram Chart
Pictogram charts, or pictograph charts, are
particularly useful for presenting simple data in a
more visual and engaging way.
These charts
each icon use icons to
representing visualizevalue
a different data, or
with
category.

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T
imeline
Timelines are the most effective way to visualize a
sequence of events in chronological order.
Timelines areand
information used to communicate
display time-related
historical data.

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Highlight Table
By highlighting cells in the table with color, you can make it
easier for viewers to quickly spot trends and patterns in the data.
These visualizations are useful for comparing categorical data.

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Bullet Graph
A bullet graph is a variation of a bar graph that can act as an
alternative to dashboard gauges to represent performance data.
In
theachart
bulletrepresents
graph, thethe
darker horizontal
actual bar in
value, while thethe middleline
vertical of

represents a comparative value, or target.

If the horizontal
passes barline, the
the vertical
target for that metric has
been surpassed.
Additionally, the
segmented colored sections
behind therange
represent horizontal
scores,bar
such
as “poor,” “fair,” or “good.”
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Choropleth Maps
A choropleth map uses color, shading, and other patterns to
visualize numerical values across geographic regions. These
visualizations use a progression of color (or shading) on a
spectrum to distinguish high values from low.

Choropleth maps allow viewers

to see how a variable changes
from one region to the next.

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Word Cloud
A word cloud, or tag cloud, is a visual representation
of text data in which the size of the word is
proportional to its frequency.
The more it
the larger often a specific
appears in the word appears in
visualization. Inaaddition
dataset,

to size,
color words depending
scheme often appear
on bolder or follow a specific
their frequency.

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Network Diagram
Network diagrams are a type of data visualization that
represent relationships between qualitative data points.
These visualizations
also called are composed
edges. Nodes of data
are singular nodes and links,
points that are
connected
relationshiptobetween
other nodes through
multiple edges, which show the
nodes.

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Correlation Matrix
A correlation matrix is a table that shows correlation
coefficients between variables.
Each
and a cell
colorrepresents the relationship
scale is used between
to communicate two variables,
whether the
variables are correlated and to what extent.

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Other Data Visualisation
•Bubble clouds
• Cartograms
•Circle views •Radial trees
• Dendrograms •Ring Charts •Sankey
•Dot distribution maps diagram •Span charts
•Open-high-low-close • Streamgraphs
charts • Treemaps
•Polar areas •Wedge stack graphs
•Violin plots

https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/data-visualization-techniques
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 Thank You

K.THIYAGU,Assistant Professor,Department of Education, Central University of Kerala,Kasa 22ragod