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Assessment Title Lab Reports

Programme Title: Bachelor of Engineering Technology

Course No.: EN6903

Course Title: Mechanical Fundamentals

Student Name: Ali Husain Haji

Student ID: 202201830

Tutor: Ms. Mini Jose and Ms. Divya Ryali

Due Date: 27 October 2022 Date submitted: 27/10/2022

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 Simple Screw Jack Experiment

A basic introduction to this experiment

The concept of a standard screw jack is that the large load is placed on top of the
platform pulley's surface. The weight on the hanger will cause the platform to
rotate, which will either raise or lower the load. According to this experiment,
only a small amount of effort is required to raise or lower the large load, and this
ratio will give us an advantage.
 Experimental results:
First is the results for lowering a load:
FL=Total FE=Effort MA= Mechanical SE=Distance SL=Distance VR= Efficiency
load required Advantage= moved by moved by Velocity =MA/VR
FL/FE effort load Ratio multiplie
=SE/SL d by 100
13.16N 0.24N 54.8 0.875m 0.005m 175 31.3%
18.16N 0.29N 62.6 0.875m 0.005m 175 35.7%
23.16N 0.34N 68.1 0.875m 0.004m 218.75 31.1%
28.16N 0.39N 72.2 0.875m 0.004m 218.75 33%
33.16N 0.44N 75.3 0.875m 0.007m 125 60.2%
38.16N 0.49N 77.8 0.875m 0.005m 175 44.4%
Next is the results for Raising the load:

FL=Total FE=Effort MA=FL/FE SE=Distance SL=Distance VR=SE/ Efficiency

load required moved by moved by SL
effort load
13.16N 0.34N 38.7 0.875m 0.005m 175 22.1%
18.16N 0.44N 41.2 0.875m 0.005m 175 23.5%
23.16N 0.54N 42.8 0.875m 0.006m 145.8 29.4%
28.16N 0.69N 40.8 0.875m 0.006m 145.8 27.9%
33.16N 0.78N 42.5 0.875m 0.005m 175 24.2%
38.16N 0.98N 38.9 0.875m 0.004m 218.75 17.7%
Graphical Representation of the above tables

A graph of effort against load:

A graph of effort against load

1.2

0.8
Effort-N

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Load-N

A graph of effort against load

0.6

0.5
f(x) = 0.01 x + 0.1084
0.4
Effort-N

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Load-N
The blue line represents the raising of the effort against the load and
the orange line represents lowering of the effort against the load. Due
to the frictional resistance the starting point of the graph is above zero.
Y= mx+b
X is the slope in this equation and b is the y-intercept.
The slope of lowering the effort against the load is 0.01 and its y-
intercept is 0.1084.
The law of machine= FE= aFL+b
FE=0.24+0.29+0.34+0.39+0.44+0.49/6=0.365N
FL=13.16+18.16+23.16+28.16+33.16+38.16/6=25.66N
Here a is the slope which is 0.01 and b is the y-intercept which is 0.1084
so the equation will be 25.66x0.01+0.1084=0.365
Therefore, FE= aFL+b
 Calculations for lowering and raising the load:

Calculations for lowering the load:

FL=Total FE=Effort MA= Mechanical SE=Distance SL=Distance VR= Efficiency
load required Advantage= moved by moved by Velocity =MA/VR
FL/FE effort load Ratio multiplie
=SE/SL d by 100
8.16+5N= 25g=0.025x9.81 13.16/0.24=54.8 87.5cm- 11.5cm- 0.875/0. 54.8/175
13.16N =0.24N 0.875m 11cm=0.5cm 005=175 x
=0.005m 100=31.3
%
8.16+10N 30g=0.030x9.81 18.16/0.29=62.6 87.5cm- 12.5cm- 0.875/0. 62.6/175
=18.16N =0.29N 0.875m 12cm=0.5cm 005=175 x
=0.005m 100=35.7
%
8.16+15N 35g=0.035x9.81 23.16/0.34=68.1 87.5cm- 12.1cm- 0.875/0. 68.1/218.
=23.16N =0.34N 0.875m 11.7cm=0.4c 004=218 75 x
m=0.004m .75 100=31.1
%
8.16+20N 40g=0.040x9.81 28.16/0.39=72.2 87.5cm- 12.2cm- 0.875/0. 72.2/218.
=28.16N =0.39N 0.875m 11.8=0.4cm= 004=218 75 x 100=
0.004m .75 33%
8.16+25N 45g=0.045x9.81 33.16/0.44=75.3 87.5cm- 12.2- 0.875/0. 75.3/125
=33.16N =0.44N 0.875m 11.5=0.7cm= 007=125 x 100=
0.007m 60.2%
8.16+30N 50g=0.05x9.81= 38.16/0.49=77.8 87.5cm- 12cm- 0.875/0. 77.8/175
=38.16N 0.49N 0.875m 11.5cm=0.5c 005=175 x
m=0.005m 100=44.4
%
 Calculations for Raising the load:
FL=Total FE=Effort MA=FL/FE SE=Distance SL=Distance VR=SE/ Efficiency=
load required MA= Mechanical moved by moved by SL MA/VR
Advantage effort load VR= multiplied
Velocit by 100
y Ratio
8.16+5N= 35g=0.035x9.81= 13.16/0.34=38.7 87.5cm- Got raised 0.875/ 38.7/175 x
13.16N 0.34N 0.875m from 0.005= 100=22.1
12.4to12.9=0 175 %
.5cm=0.005m
8.16+10N 45g=0.045x9.81= 18.16/0.44=41.2 87.5cm- Got raised 0.875/ 41.2/175 x
=18.16N 0.44N 0.875m from 0.005= 100=23.5
12.4to12.9=0 175 %
.5cm=0.005m
8.16+15N 55g=0.055x9.81= 23.16/0.54=42.8 87.5cm- Got raised 0.875/ 42.8/145.
=23.16N 0.54N 0.875m from 0.006= 8x100=29.
12to12.6=0.6 145.8 4%
cm=0.006m
8.16+20N 70g=0.07x9.81=0. 28.16/0.69=40.8 87.5cm- Got raised 0.875/ 40.8/145.
=28.16N 69N 0.875m from11.5to12 0.006= 8x100=27.
.1=0.6cm=0.0 145.8 9%
06m

8.16+25N 80g=0.08x9.81=0. 33.16/0.78=42.5 87.5cm- Got raised 0.875/ 42.5/175x

=33.16N 78N 0.875m from11.5to12 0.005= 100=24.2
=0.cm=0.005 175
m
8.16+30N 100g=0.1x9.81=0. 38.16/0.98=38.9 87.5cm- Got raised 0.875/ 38.9/218.
=38.16N 98 0.875m from12.4to12 0.004= 75x100=1
.8=0.4cm=0.0 218.75 7.7%
04m
Information to clarify some calculations:
1) FL is the load which is in Newton(N).
2) FE which is the effort(N) is calculated by converting from gram to
kilogram and then multiply it by 9.81 which is the acceleration
due to gravity.
3) MA which is mechanical advantage. It is nothing but the ratio of
force exerted by a machine to the force applied to it. It is usually
done by the action of machines.
4) SE is the distance moved by the effort in meters.
5) SL is the distance moved the load in meters.
6) VR is the velocity ratio. It is the ratio of the distance moved by the
point at which the effort is applied in a simple machine to the
distance moved by the point at which the load is applied.
7) Efficiency or the error percentage is the difference between an
exact value and some approximation to it. It is calculated by
dividing MA by VR times 100.
Comments

In the above tables we can see that the efficiency for lowering the load is more
than the efficiency for raising the load. This is because the gravitational force for
the lowering the load pulls the load down. There might be slight differences or
errors while doing this experiment. These errors could be either a manual,
material, machine, method or manufacturing errors but mostly in this experiment
it will be manual errors. I faced 1 or2 issues while doing the experiment. The issue
was that I might have taken the measurements or done the calculation wrong
because at the end it did not match the concept. A way of improving these errors
is by redoing the experiment. So by redoing it, simultaneously you will retake the
reading and measurements. For example, if the error was in some calculations
and it did not match with theory this means that the measurements are wrong.
On the contrary, it might be the opposite as well that the measurements might be
correct, but the calculations are not done correctly. To resolve these problems
trying to do the experiment again is an excellent way as you can see what
mistakes are done and it can be corrected. Finally, I can say that the experiment
that I did after doing the calculations matches the theory or the concept. This is
because the efficiency of the lowering the load is greater that the efficiency of
raising the load. Another point is that by using the graph and the law of machine,
it is proven above that FE is equal to aFL+b and here, b means the y-intercept and
a is the slope.
Conclusion
In conclusion, a simple screw jack can perform several tasks. It can be used to
push, pull, tension, lock, unlock, tilt, pivot, raise or lower loads. By doing this
experiment we get to know more about the purpose or the use of the simple
screw jack is. The usage of a simple screw jack is very simple, it is used for lifting
heavy loads or weight with the help of a small effort applied at its handle. For
example, it can be used to lift cars or heavy automobiles. We can also observe
that there are changes in the results for lowering and raising the load. The main
point of this experiment shows that the error percentage for lowering the load is
more the error percentage for raising the load. This is because for lowering the
load there is a gravitational pull downwards. So I can finally say that this
experiment matches the concept and theory because of the above results shown.
Even though if there are slight differen it can be improved by several ways and
some of the ways are as stated above in the comments section.