Q1. What is true?

a. Zsigmondy/Palmer notation-mandibular left deci duous central incisor

b. Zsigmondy/Palmer notation-mandibular right deci duous central incisor

c. Zsigmondy/Palmer notation-mandibular left Permanent central incisor

d. Zsigmondy/Palmer notation-mandibular right deciduous central incisor

Ans a. Zsigmondy/Palmer notation-mandibular left deciduous central incisor

#Explanation of correct answer-Independently, Palmer also published the symbolic system in 1870.
The symbolic system is most often referred to as the Palmer notation system in the United States
and less frequently as the Zsigmondy/Palmer notation system.

In this system the arches are divided into quadrants with the entire dentition being notated as

follows:

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#Highyield-

For a single tooth such as the maxillary right central incisor the designation is A . For the mandibular
left central incisor, the notation is given as A .

This numbering system presents difficulty when an appropriate font is not available for keyboard
recording of Zsigmondy/Palmer symbolic notations.

#Explanation of other options-

b. Zsigmondy/Palmer notation-mandibular right deci duous central incisor-The shows the

Zsigmondy/Palmer notation-mandibular left deciduous central incisor

c. Zsigmondy/Palmer notation-mandibular left Permanent central incisor - Zsigmondy/Palmer

notation-mandibular left deciduous central incisor

d. Zsigmondy/Palmer notation-mandibular right deciduous central incisor- Zsigmondy/Palmer

notation-mandibular left deciduous central incisor

#Extraedge-
The Zsigmondy/Palmer notation for the permanent dentition is a four-quadrant symbolic system in
which, beginning with the central incisors, the teeth are numbered 1 through 8 (or more) in each
arch. For example, the right maxillary first molar is designated as 6 , and the left mandibular central
incisor as 1 . The Palmer notation for the entire permanent dentition is as follows:

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Q2. What is True?

a. FDI notation for permanent teeth

b. Universal notation for deciduous teeth

c. Zsigmondy/Palmer notation for deciduous teeth

d. FDI notation for deciduous teeth

Ans a. FDI notation for permanent teeth

#Explanation of correct answer- A two-digit system proposed by Fédération Dentaire Internationale

(FDI) for both the primary and permanent dentitions has been adopted by the World Health
Organization

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#Highyield-The second digit indicates the tooth within a quadrant: 1 to 8 for the permanent teeth
and 1 to 5 for the primary teeth.
 For example, the permanent upper right central incisor is 11 (pronounced “one one,” not “eleven”).

#Explanation of other options-

b. Universal notation for deciduous teeth –The image depict FDI Notation for permanent teeth

c. Zsigmondy/Palmer notation for deciduous teeth - The image depict FDI Notation for permanent
teeth

d. FDI notation for deciduous teeth - The image depict FDI Notation for permanent teeth

#Extraedge-

For primary tooth

Numeral 5 indicates the maxillary right side, and 6 indicates the maxillary left side. The second number
of the two-digit number is the tooth number for each side. The number 8 indicates the mandibular right
side, and the number 7 indicates the mandibular left side. The second number of the two-digit system is
the tooth number. Thus, for example the number 51 refers to the maxillary right central incisor.

#Reference-wheelers,9thed,pg no.14

Q3. Identify the anatomical landmark of central inci sor marked in the image.

a. Mesial marginal ridge

b. Distal marginal ridge

c. Incisal ridge

d. Lingual ridge
 Ans b. Distal marginal ridge

#Explanation of correct answer-The lingual aspect has convexities and a concavity. The outline of the
cervical line is similar, but immediately below the cervical line a smooth convexity is to be found;
this is called the cingulum

. Mesially and distally confluent with the cingulum are the marginal ridges

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#Highyield-Between the marginal ridges, below the cingulum, a shallow concavity is present called
the lingual fossa.

Outlining the lingual fossa, the linguoincisal edge is raised somewhat, being on a level with the
marginal ridges mesially and distally, completing the lingual portion of the incisal ridge of the central
incisor

#Explanation of other options-

a. Mesial marginal ridge –The ? in the image depict the distal marginal ridge

c. Incisal ridge- The ? in the image depict the distal marginal ridge

d. Lingual ridge- The ? in the image depict the distal marginal ridge

#Extraedge-

Distal Aspect Little difference is evident between the distal and mesial outlines of this tooth

When looking at the central incisor from the distal aspect, it may be noted that the crown gives the
impression of being somewhat thicker toward the incisal third. Because of the slope of the labial surface
distolingually, more of that surface is seen from the distal aspect; this creates the illusion of greater
thickness. Actually, most teeth are turned a little on their root bases to adapt to the dental arch
curvature. The maxillary central incisor is no exception. The curvature of the cervical line outlining the
CEJ is less in extent on the distal than on the mesial surfaces. Most teeth show this characteristic.

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Q4. Identify the anatomical landmark of central incisor marked in the colour plate.
a. Cingulam

b. Marginal ridge

c. CEJ

d. Lingual fossa

Ans d. Lingual fossa

#Explanation of correct answer-The lingual aspect of the crown is different, however, when we
compare the surface of the lingual aspect with that of the labial aspect.

Between the marginal ridges, below the cingulum, a shallow concavity is present called the lingual
fossa.

#Easy#clinical#Dental anatomy#INICET#NEET PG

#Highyield-Outlining the lingual fossa, the linguoincisal edge is raised somewhat, being on a level
with the marginal ridges mesially and distally, completing the lingual portion of the incisal ridge of
the central incisor

#Explanation of other options

a. Cingulam-The? In the image depict the lingual fossa

b. Marginal ridge- The? In the image depict the lingual fossa

c. CEJ- The? In the image depict the lingual fossa

#Extraedge-
#Reference- wheelers,9thed,pg no.106

Q5. Identify the condition seen in the image.

a. Enamel hypoplasia

b. Dentin dysplasia

c. Hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta

d. Hypomineralized amelogenesis imperfecta

Ans a. Enamel hypoplasia

#Explanation of correct answer- Enamel hypoplasia is a general term referring to all quantitative
defects of enamel thickness. They range from single or multiple pits to small furrows and wide
troughs to entirely missing enamel.

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#Highyield- Hypocalcification and opacities are qualitative defects.

The location of defects on tooth crowns provides basic evidence for estimating the time of the
development of the defect with an unknown error and potential bias.

#Explanation of other options-

b. Dentin dysplasia –The defects shown in the image is enamel hypoplasia

 c. Hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta - The defects shown in the image is enamel hypoplasia

d. Hypomineralized amelogenesis imperfecta - The defects shown in the image is enamel hypoplasia

#Extraedge-

What are the symptoms?

Some of the signs of enamel hypoplasia are obvious, but others are more difficult to detect and
may not be noticeable until they cause major dental problems. Having thin tooth enamel can lead
to:

 pits, tiny groves, depressions, and fissures

 white spots
 yellowish-brown stains (where the underlying layer of dentin is exposed)
 sensitivity to heat and cold
 lack of tooth contact, irregular wearing of teeth
 susceptibility to acids in food and drink
 retention of harmful bacteria
 increased vulnerability to tooth decay and cavities
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