‫ﺑﺤﺚ‬

‫أﺳﺎﻃﻴﺮ إﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬

‫( ﻫﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻜﺎﻳﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴﺜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ )ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‪Islamic mythology :‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻼم‪ ،‬ﺗﺪرس ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻋﻠﻢ اﻷﺳﺎﻃﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﺆﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻦ ﺑﺄن ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺤﻜﺎﻳﺎت ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺔ‬
‫وﻣﻘﺪﺳﺔ وﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﻜﺎﻳﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻻ اﻟﺤﺼﺮ‪ ،‬اﻟﻘﺼﺺ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮرة‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮآن‪.‬‬

‫إﻟﻰ ﻧﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﺬي ﻋﺎش ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮﻧﻴﻦ اﻟﺴﺎدس واﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻮن أن اﻹﺳﻼم ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻠﻪ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬أوﺣﻰ ﺑﻪ ا‬
‫اﻟﻤﻴﻼد‪ [1].‬وﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺪس ﻫﻮ اﻟﻘﺮآن‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺆﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻮن ﺑﺄن ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺮﺳﻞ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﻴﻦ )ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‬
‫وﻋﻴﺴﻰ( ﺑﺸﺮوا ﺑﻤﺒﺎدئ اﻹﺳﻼم اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ زﻣﻨﻬﻢ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻒ ﻓﻲ اﻷدﻳﺎن اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻓﺎﺣﺘﺎج اﻟﻨﺎس‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪا ﺑﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة وﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﻫﺪاﻳﺘﻬﻢ وﻫﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻌﺔ ا اﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬‫ً‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺪاﻳﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ا ﻟﻬﻢ ً‬
‫ﻧﺒﻴﺎ‬
‫وأﻛﻤﻠﻬﺎ‪[2].‬‬ ‫وﻳﺮون ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ آﺧﺮ اﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎء‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي أﻋﺎد ﻣﺒﺎدئ اﻹﺳﻼم‬

‫ﻗﺼﺺ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﻘﺪس ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮآن‬

‫اﻹﺳﻼم ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺼﺺ واﻷﺣﺪاث اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﺳﺔ ﻟﻸدﻳﺎن اﻹﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻤﻴﺔ )ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻬﻮدﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم]‪ [3‬وإﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ]‪ [4‬ﺗﺘﻜﺮر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮآن‪ .‬ﻳﺮوي اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫واﻟﻨﺼﺮاﻧﻴﺔ(‪ .‬وﻫﻨﺎك ﻗﺼﺺ ﻛﺜﻴﺮة ﻋﻦ ﻧﺒﻲ ا‬
‫ﻳﻮﺳﻒ )أﺣﺪ أﻧﺒﻴﺎء ﺑﻨﻲ إﺳﺮاﺋﻴﻞ( اﻟﺬي ﺗﻢ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ]‪ ،[5‬واﻟﺮواﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻮراة ﻟﻨﺒﻲ ا‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺮﻳﻢ‪ ،‬أم ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ اﻟﺴﻼم‪ [6].‬ﻓﻲ ﻛﻠﺘﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻘﺮآن ﻳﻀﻴﻒ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ أﺻﻠﻴﺔ وﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ إﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺰال ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻬﺪ ﻃﻔ ً‬
‫ﻼ‪ [7]،‬وﻫﻮ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫ً‬
‫ﺗﺠﺴﻴﺪا‬ ‫ً‬
‫أﻳﻀﺎ أن ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ أﻧﻪ ﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺮﺳﻞ ﻣﻦ ا وﻳﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺠﺰات‪ ،‬وﻳﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‪[8].‬‬ ‫أو ً‬
‫اﺑﻨﺎ‬

‫اﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ »اﻟﻤﻴﺜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ«‬

 ‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ اﻟﻮاﺳﻊ اﻷﻛﺎدﻳﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ أي ﻗﺼﺔ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‪ .‬إﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﻴﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ‬
‫»أﺳﻄﻮرة« ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﺼﺺ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﺳﺔ‪ [9].‬ﻳﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻠﻮر ﻓﻲ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن إﻟﻰ أﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬وﻳﻌﺮف اﻷﺳﻄﻮرة ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫أﻧﻬﺎ »اﻟﺤﻜﺎﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺼﺤﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻘﺪﺳﺔ وﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ أو ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻵﺧﺮ أو ﻓﻲ أﺟﺰاء ﻣﻦ‬
‫]‪[10‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ وﻣﻊ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ ﺑﺸﺮﻳﺔ أو ﺑﺸﺮﻳﺔ أو ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎت ﺑﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ«‪.‬‬

‫إذا ُﻗ ﺼﺪ ﺑـ»اﻷﺳﻄﻮرة« اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﺮﻓﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻠﻮر‪ ،‬ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﺼﺺ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﺳﺔ »واﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﺼﺤﺘﻬﺎ«‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻷوﺿﺢ ﻟﻸﺳﺎﻃﻴﺮ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻤﻘﺪس اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ .‬إﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻻﺣﻆ أن اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ »أﺳﺎﻃﻴﺮ« ﻻ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﺳﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻷﺳﻄﻮرة ﻫﻲ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ وﻟﻢ ﺗﺴﺮدﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﺳﺔ )ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪ ،‬اﻷﻣﺜﺎل واﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻼﻫﻮﺗﻴﺔ( ﻻ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪ ذاﺗﻬﺎ »أﺳﺎﻃﻴﺮ«‪.‬‬

‫ﻻﺣﻆ ً‬
‫أﻳﻀﺎ أن اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ »أﺳﻄﻮرة« ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻘﺼﺺ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﻘﺪس اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ،‬اﻋﺘﻤﺎدً ا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ »أﺳﻄﻮرة« ﺑﺪﻗﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﺪ أﺣﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ »أﺳﻄﻮرة« أﺣﺪ اﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ اﻟﻮاﺳﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم اﻷﻛﺎدﻳﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬اﻷﺳﺎﻃﻴﺮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻗﺼﺺ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻵﻟﻬﺔ أو أﻧﺼﺎف اﻵﻟﻬﺔ‪ :‬وﻳﺴﺘﺒﻌﺪ ﻫﺬا‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻘﺼﺺ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ اﻹﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ‪ [11].‬ﻳﻘﻴﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ دراﺳﻲ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻠﻮر اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫»أﺳﻄﻮرة« ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﺼﺺ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺼﻒ ﺧﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ واﻟﻈﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪ [12][11].‬ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﻗﺼﺔ‬
‫ﺟﺰءا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻴﺜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ أن اﻟﻘﺼﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺮﻳﻢ )اﻟﺴﻴﺪة‬ ‫]‪[13‬‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻖ اﻟﻴﻬﻮدﻳﺔ واﻟﻤﺴﻴﺤﻴﺔ واﻹﺳﻼم‬
‫ً‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪[14].‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺬراء( اﻟﺘﻲ وﻟﺪت ﻋﻴﺴﻰ )اﻟﻤﺴﻴﺢ( ﻟﻦ ﺗﻜﻮن‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺼﺺ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻴﺎق اﻟﺬي ﻧﺸﺄ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺻﺪر اﻹﺳﻼم وأﺳﺎﻃﻴﺮه‪ ،‬ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎدة ﻓﺼﻞ ﻟﻠﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ واﻟﻤﻴﺜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‪،‬‬
‫اﻟﺮوﺣﻴﺔ‪[15].‬‬ ‫أو أي ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ واﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ اﻟﻘﺼﺺ ﻓﻲ اﻹﺳﻼم‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ َ‬
‫اﻟﻘ ﺼﺺ ﻓﻲ اﻹﺳﻼم إﻟﻰ ﻓﺌﺎت أﻛﺎدﻳﻤﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫َ‬
‫اﻟﻘ ﺼﺺ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺼﻒ ﺧﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪.‬‬

‫َﻗ ﺼﺺ اﻟﺨﻠﻖ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﺮح أﺻﻮل اﻟﻈﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺼﻒ َ‬
‫اﻟﻘ ﺼﺺ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺧﻠﻖ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻮن ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺗﺼﻒ َﻗ ﺼﺺ اﻟﺨﻠﻖ ﺧﻠﻖ اﻟﻈﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻜﻮن‪[16].‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ وﺗﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﺎم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎت اﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪،‬‬

‫ً‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﻘ ﺼﺺ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻘﺼﺺ اﻟﺘﻲ وﻗﻌﺖ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻋﻬﺪ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫وﻳﻨﻜﺮ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻮﻧﻬﺎ »ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ« ﺑﺪﻗﺔ‪ [18][17][11].‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻧﻜﺮون ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻗﺼﺔ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم وﻧﺰول اﻟﻜﺒﺶ ﻓﺪاء ﻹﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﻒ ﺑﻌﺾ َ‬
‫اﻟﻘ ﺼﺺ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻌﻠﻢ اﻷﺧﺮوﻳﺎت اﻟﺤﻴﺎة اﻵﺧﺮة وﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪ اﻟﻘﺼﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻳﻮم اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻘ ﺼﺺ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻌﻠﻢ اﻷﺧﺮوﻳﺎت‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﺗﺼﻒ ﻳﻮم اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ وﻫﻮ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺊ ا ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎراﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﺎﻻً ﻋﻠﻰ َ‬
‫اﻷﺧﻴﺎر وﻳﻌﺎﻗﺐ اﻷﺷﺮار‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ‬

‫‪Smith, p. 218 .1‬‬

 See Qur'an 3:78, 4:46, 5:13; "Islam," Encyclopædia Britannica, 2007, Encyclopædia Britannica Online .2
(https://academic.eb.com:443/), 15 Dec. 2007. For an Islamic perspective, see Abu Ameenah Bilal
http) ‫ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‬. (Philips, "The True Religion", Islam Page (http://www.islamworld.net/true.html
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬2008 ‫أﻏﺴﻄﺲ‬ s://web.archive.org/web/20080828030806/http://islamworld.net/true.html) 28
.‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ واي ﺑﺎك ﻣﺸﻴﻦ‬

2 ‫ آﻳﺔ‬،‫ ﺳﻮرة اﻹﺳﺮاء‬،‫ اﻟﻘﺮآن‬.3

120 ‫ آﻳﺔ‬،‫ ﺳﻮرة اﻟﻨﺤﻞ‬،‫ اﻟﻘﺮآن‬.4

‫ ﺳﻮرة ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‬،‫ اﻟﻘﺮآن‬.5

‫ ﺳﻮرة ﻣﺮﻳﻢ‬، ‫ اﻟﻘﺮآن‬.

110 ‫ آﻳﺔ‬، ‫ ﺳﻮرة اﻟﻤﺂﺋﺪة‬،‫ اﻟﻘﺮآن‬.7

116 ‫ آﻳﺔ‬،‫ ﺳﻮرة اﻟﻤﺎﺋﺪة‬،‫ اﻟﻘﺮآن‬.

‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ‬ (What is a Myth? (http://www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu/~mmagouli/defmyth.htm#SACRED .9

https://web.archive.org/web/20141008135223/http://www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu:80/~mmag) ‫ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‬
.‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ واي ﺑﺎك ﻣﺸﻴﻦ‬2014 ‫أﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ‬ ouli/defmyth.htm) 8

(Defining myth (http://www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu/~mmagouli/defmyth.htm#DEFINING%20MYTH .10

https://web.archive.org/web/20141008135223/http://www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu:80/~) ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‬
.‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ واي ﺑﺎك ﻣﺸﻴﻦ‬2014 ‫أﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ‬ mmagouli/defmyth.htm) 8

Segal, p. 5 .11

Zong In-Sob .12

Qur'an 11:7 .13

Qur'an 19:16-33 .14

.Eliade, Myth and Reality .15

Qur'an 57:25 .1

Native American mythology (http://www.indigenouspeople.net/stories.htm) - definitions explained .17

https://web.archive.org/web/20170709163439/http://www.indigenouspeople.net/stori) ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‬
.‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ واي ﺑﺎك ﻣﺸﻴﻦ‬2017 ‫ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ‬ es.htm) 09

Zong In-Sob, p. xxi .1

‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر‬

.The Religions of Man. NY: Harper & Row (Perennial Library), 1965 .‫ﻫﻮﺳﺘﻦ ﺳﻤﻴﺚ‬

.Robert A. Segal. Myth: A Very Short Introduction. NY: Oxford UP, 2004

.Zong In-Sob. Folk Tales From Korea, Third Edit ion. Elizabet h: Hollym Int ernat ional, 1982

Mircea Eliade. Myth and Reality. Trans. Willard R. Trask. NY: Harper & Row (Harper
.Torchbooks), 1968
The Holy Qur'an. Elect ronic Text Cent er, Universit y of Virginia Library. Available online (ht t
. (p://et ext .virginia.edu/t oc/modeng/public/HolKora.ht ml

‫ أﺳﺎﻃﻴﺮ إﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬:‫ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮﻣﻨﺰ ﺻﻮر وﻣﻠﻔﺎت ﻋﻦ‬

‫ﺑﻮاﺑﺔ اﻹﺳﻼم‬

‫ﺑﻮاﺑﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﻃﻴﺮ‬

https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?» ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ‬

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