OBJECTIVES

UNGROUPED DATA
CHAPTER 2
Numerical Descriptive
UNGROUPED DATA
WITH FREQUENCY Measures
Nor Habibah Tarmuji

GROUPED DATA
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OBJECTIVES Next

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 To identify types of different data
 To calculate the measures of central
tendency
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PART 1 (UNGROUPED DATA)

MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
1. MEAN
2. MEDIAN/ SECOND QUARTILE
3. MODE/ MODAL

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UNGROUPED DATA Previous

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Example:

Sales (RM) of the iMart for a week are as follows:

5500, 7000, 5500, 3000, 4700, 6800, 5200
MEAN, MEDIAN, ~
x
x MODE, x̂
Steps: Most
x = x 1. Arrange data frequent
n
2. Find position of median=
1
𝑛+1
data
2
3. Find median.
~
x SOLUTION
x̂ = 5500
SOLUTION SOLUTION
Comment :
Total of all
data(sales)
37700 1. 3000, 4700, 5200, 5500, 5500, 6800, 7000
x= Sample
7 size 7 +1
2. Position of ~x= =4
= 5385 .71 2
3. Median, ~ x = 5500
Comment :
Comment :

Measure of central tendency

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PART 2 (UNGROUPED DATA WITH

FREQUENCY)
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
1. MEAN
2. MEDIAN/ SECOND QUARTILE
3. MODE/ MODAL

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UNGROUPED DATA WITH FREQUENCY

Example:
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The following data refers to the number of bicycles

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owned by 27 families at Taman Desa Jaya.

Number of Bicycle Number of Family Home

0 3
x
1 6
2 9
3 7
4 2
 MEAN VALUE
 By using formula:

x=
 fx
n
෍ 𝑓𝑥 = 0 × 3 + 1 × 6 +

2×9 + 3×7 + 4×2

 From the example:
53
SOLUTION 𝑥ҧ = = 1.96
17
Total number of family(total
frequency)

 Comment:
 The average number of bicycle owned by each family is 1.96.

Measure of central tendency DATA

 MODAL VALUE
 From the example:

Number of Number of
Bicycle Family Refer to the
0 3 highest
frequency
1 6

2 9
SOLUTION
3 7 Mode = 2
 Comment: Most of the family
4 2 owned 2 bicycles.

Measure of central tendency DATA

MEDIAN VALUE Step 1: Find Cumulative Frequency
 From the example:

Number of Number of Cumulative

Bicycle Family Frequency
0 3 3
1 6 9
2 9 18 (10 -18)
(family no.14
3 7 25 lies between
SOLUTION family no. 10
4 2 27 to 18)

1 1
Step 2: Find Position of median = 𝟐 𝑛 + 1 = 𝟐 𝟐𝟕 + 1 = 14TH

Step 3: Median = 2
 Comment: 50% of the family owned less than 2 bicycle another 50% of the family
owned more than 2 bicycle.
DATA
Measure of central tendency
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PART 3 (GROUPED DATA)

MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
1. MEAN
2. MEDIAN/ SECOND QUARTILE
3. MODE/ MODAL

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EXAMPLE:

The distribution of daily expenses of students is given as follows.

Daily
expenses 1–4 5–8 9 – 12 13 – 16 17 – 20 21 – 24 25 – 28
(RM)

No. of
4 12 30 18 14 9 3
students

Not same

So….
 Do like this… (4+5)/2=
4.5
(8+9)/2=8.5

Not same
Cumulative
Daily No. of Class Class
Frequency Class Width
expenses(RM) students (f) Boundary Midpoint(x)
(cf)
1 -4 4 4 0.5 – 4.5 (0.5+4.5)/2=2.5 4.5-0.5=4

5–8 12 16 4.5 – 8.5 (8.5+4.5)/2=6.5 8.5-4.5=4

9 – 12 30 46 8.5 – 12.5 10.5 4

13 – 16 18 64 12.5 – 16.5 14.5 4

17 – 20 14 78 16.5 – 20.5 18.5 4

21 - 24 9 87 20.5 – 24.5 22.5 4

25 - 28 3 90 24.5 – 28.5 26.5 4

Find the
new class
boundary

DATA
 MEASURE OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

MEAN VALUE
 By using formula:

x=
 fx
n
෍ 𝑓𝑥 = 2.5 × 4 + 6.5 × 12 +

10.5 × 30 + 14.5 × 18 + 18.5 × 14

 From the example: + 22.5𝑥 9 + (26.5𝑥3)

1205
SOLUTION x= = 13 .39
90
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠

 Comment: The average daily expenses of students is 13.39 (RM)

TABLE
 MEDIAN VALUE
 By using formula: Cumulative
Frequency
n 
~  2  m −1 
− f
x = Lm + .C
 fm  m-1 means before
  median class

Lower boundary for

median class Frequency for
median
Class width for
 From the example: median class
1
 Step 1: find the location of median=2 90 = 45
 Step 2: the median class lies between 8.5 to 12.5
 Step 3: Lets fill the value into the median formula

SOLUTION  90 
 2 − 16 
~
x = 8.5 +   . 4 = 12 .37
 30 
 
 Comment: 50% of students spend less than RM12.37 another 50% TABLE
of students spend more than RM12.37
 OGIVE Must have title for your
graph
-Label y axis
-Refer to cumulative
frequency (CF)
Ogive that shows the distribution of daily expenses of students (RM)

Number of students

100 -plot point UCB(upper

class boundary) vs CF
90 (cumulative frequency) x
x

80 x

-joint the point using ruler.

70
-DONE!
x
60

50
x

40

30

20 -Label x axis
x -refer to class boundary
10
x
0 x
0.5 4.5 8.5 12.5 16.5 20.5 24.5 28.5
Daily expenses(RM)

TABLE
Median from ogive?

Number of
students
Ogive that shows the distribution of daily expenses of students (RM)
100

90 x
x
80 x

70
Position of Median = ½(90)= 45 x
60

50
x
40

30

20
x Median = RM12
10
x
0 x
0.5 4.5 8.5 12.5 16.5 20.5 24.5 28.5
Daily expenses (RM)

TABLE
 MODE / MODAL VALUE
 Formula:
First different=fmo - fmo-1

First different=fmo – fmo+1

 1 
x̂ = L mo + .C
 1 +  2 
Δ1 = 30 − 12 = 18
Lower boundary for Δ2 = 30 − 18 = 12
modal class
Class width/size for
modal class

 From the example:

SOLUTION  18 
x̂ = 8.5 +   . 4 = 10 .90
18 + 12 
 Comment: Most of students spend RM 10.90 daily. TABLE
 HISTOGRAM
-Label y axis Must have title for your
-Refer to frequency graph

Number of
students
Histogram that shows the distribution of daily expenses of students (RM)

-Be careful when drawing

your graph.
-Class of data and
35 frequency. 12.5 to 16.5 → 18
30

25

20

15

10

0
0.5 4.5 8.5 12.5 16.5 20.5 24.5 28.5
Daily expenses (RM)

-Label x axis
-refer to class boundary

TABLE
Mode from histogram?
Histogram that shows the distribution of daily expenses of students (RM)

Number of Refer to the tallest bar.

students -estimate your modal value.

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
0.5 4.5 8.5 12.5 16.5 20.5 24.5 28.5
Daily expenses (RM)
Mode = RM10.50

TABLE
Q1 and Q3 from ogive?

Number of
students
Ogive that shows the distribution of daily expenses of students (RM)
100

90 x
x
Position of Q3 = 3/4(90)= 67.5
80 x

70
x
60

50
Position of Q1 = 1/4(90)= 22.5 x
40

30

20
x
10
x
0 x
0.5 4.5 8.5 12.5 16.5 20.5 24.5 28.5
Q3 = RM 17.0 Daily expenses (RM)
Q1 = RM 9.5

TABLE