NURSING ASSESSMENT PROGRAM

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED MEDICAL SCIENCES

1st SEMESTER A.Y. 2023 – 2024
• Night sweats; night fever
FILARIS • Anorexia; malaise; weight loss; chest pain
Lymphatic worm infection • Coughing for more than 2 weeks
CA: Wuchereria Bancrofti, Brugia Malari, Brugia
Timori DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
MOT: Vector borne (mosquito), aedes poecelus (night • Sputum smear microscopy
biting mosquitoe), culex torsalis,, culex fatigen o AKA: Acid Fast Bacilli Staining,
NCP: 8-16 months Direct Sputum Smear Microscopy
Common in: Sarangani and Marinduque (CONFIRMATORY)
o PBQ: Who collects the sputum and
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS analyze: MTS
Asymptomatic Stage • PTB Testing/Mantoux Test
• No symptoms • Xray (For visualization)
• Still circulating in blood vessels
PREVENTION AND CONTROL
Acute stage • BGC Vaccine
• Lymphangitis (inflammation of lymphatic • Exposure of particles in sunlight
vessels) • Eating utensils should not be disposable
• Lymphadenitis (inflammation of lymph
nodes) NURSING MANAGEMENT
• Orchitis (inflammation of scrotum) • WOF side effects:
o Rifampicin – red/orange secretions
Chronic stage o Isoniazid – peripheral nephritis
• Lymph edema (inflammation of the entire o Pyrazinamide – hyperuricemia
lymphatic vessels and nodes) (increased uric acid), gout/kidney
• Elephantiasis disease
• Hydrocele (big scrotum) o Ethambutol – optic neuritis (Can
cause temporary color blindness)
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS o Streptomycin – ototoxicity
• Nocturnal blood exam – taken at 8pm • Check liver function; high calorie diet
• Immunochromatographic test – any time • Hemoptysis (NPO for one hour)
• Do not perform physiotherapy
PREVENTION AND CONTROL • Take before meals
• Clean method • Direct observation treatment short course
C – Chemically treated mosquito nets (permethrin) chemo
L – Larva eating fish (4 pcs/cubic meter)
E – Environmental sanitation (4:00 pm) PNEUMONIA
A – Anti-mosquito lotion Inflammation of the lungs with fluid and hemorrhagic
N – Neel tree (oregano, citronella) exudate
INCP: 14-72 hours
NURSING MANAGEMENT MOT: Droplet
• Maintain hygiene CA FOR CAP:
• Adequate nutrition and fluids • Streptococcus pneumoniae
• DOC: Hetrazan • Mycoplasma pneumonae
• Haemophilis influenza
• Legionella pneumophillia
TUBERCULOSIS • Kiebsiella pneumonia
Koch’s infection
CA: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Mycobacterium Atypical Pneumonia
africanum • Lobar pneumonia – entire lobe
INCP: 2-10 weeks
• Lobular pneumonia – part of the lob
MOT: Droplet; airborne
• Broncho pneumonia – distal bronchioles

CA FOR HAP:
• Enterobacter species
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS • Enterococcus’ staphylococcus
• Hemoptysis (coughing of blood) • Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Palapal, Hanna Jeuline DR.

 NURSING ASSESSMENT PROGRAM
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED MEDICAL SCIENCES

1st SEMESTER A.Y. 2023 – 2024
• Pneumonia
CA FOR HIV PNEUMONIA: • ARDS
• Pneumocystis jirovecii • Renal failure

PATHOGENESIS PREVENTION AND CONTROL

• Stage of lung engorgement • COVID vaccine
• Stage of red hepatization – the affected lung • Isolation and quarantine
tissue appears like a liver
• Stage of gray hepatization NURSING MANAGEMENT
• Resolution stage – exudates • O2 therapy
liquify/reabsorbed • Corticosteroid
• Tx of comorbidity
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Pathognomonic sign: rusty sputum DIPHTHERIA
• Fever and chills Bacterial infection of pseudo membrane (gray-green
• Hypochloremia (yellow urine) color)
• Chest pain aggravated by coughing and CA: Corynebacterium Diphteriae
respiration INCP: 2-5 days
MOT: Droplet
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
• Xray SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Culture and sensitivity test • Pharyngeal diphtheria (most common)
o Dangerous, can cause myocarditis
PREVENTION AND CONTROL o High fever and bull neck
• Vaccine: pneumovax • Laryngeal diphtheria (Dangerous, can cause
• Prompt treatment of upper respiratory tract airway obstruction
o Brassy coughing, dyspnea,
NURSING MANAGEMENT cyanosis
• Physiotherapy o Tracheostomy set in bedside of
• Steam INH patient
• Salt (PO/IV) • Nasal diphtheria (most contagious)
• DOC: 1st (Amoxicillin), 2nd (Cotrimexozone) o Pseudomembrane, excoriated
nostril
SARS (2002)
CA: Novel Coronavirus DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
INCP: 2-10 days • Shick’s test – fo susceptibility
MOT/Vector: civet cat (guandong, china) o (-) rashes = immune
o (+) rashes = susceptible
MERS-COV (2012) • Moloney test – hypersensitivity to toxoid
INCP: 2-10 days • Culture and sensitivity
MOT/Vector: Bats, camels, humans
PREVENTION AND CONTROL
SARS-COV (2019) • DPT vaccine
INCP: 2-14 days
Origin: Wuhan, China NURSING MANAGEMENT
Vector: bats and pangolins • CBR
1st case worldwide: Mexico (Dec 31, 2019) • Trache care
1st case PH: January 30, 2020
Confirmed: February 1, 2020
Community Outbreak: March 7, 2020 • DOC: Penicillin; erythromycin,
MOT: Droplet; Airborne chloromphenicol
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Fever; dry cough PERTUSIS: WHOOPING COUGH
• Dyspnea CA: Bordetella pertussis
• Shortness of breath
• Pathognomonic: anosmia, ageusia SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Catarrhal stage/Watery
COMPLICATIONS o Coryza, sneezing, lacrimation

Palapal, Hanna Jeuline DR.

 NURSING ASSESSMENT PROGRAM
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED MEDICAL SCIENCES

1st SEMESTER A.Y. 2023 – 2024
• Proximal stage CA: Plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax,
o Whooping cough, eyes pop out, plasmodium ovase, plasmodium malariae,
nose/ear bleed plasmodium knowlesi
• Convalescent stage MOT/Vector: Anopheles Flavirostris
o Patient is no longer communicable • Brown long legged mosquito
o WOF: Residual paroxysm • Night biting (9pm-3am)
• High flying
INCP: 7-10 days • Bite people not in motion
MOT: Droplet • Moving water breeding

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

• Bordet gengou agar test • Cold stage
o Chills, gooseflesh; 15mins-2hours
PREVENTION AND CONTROL • Hot stage – diagnostic test should be done
• DTP Vaccine o Pyrexia, hemolysis, lasts for 4-6
hours
NURSING MANAGEMENT • Diaphoretic stage – lasts 2-4 hours
• Promote rest o Professed sweating; generalized
• Do not feed weakness
• Fruit juice over mix
• O2 inhalation DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
• Abdominal binder • Blood smearing test (Hot stage)
• DOC: Erithyromycin/Azithromycin; Penicillin o Done in community setting
• Quantitative buffy coating (confirmatory)
DENGUE
AKA hemorrhagic fever, breakbone fever PREVENTION AND CONTROL
(chikungunya), dandy fever, infectious • Biologic control
thrombocytopenia purpura o Steam seeding
CA: Flavirius (4 strains), Chikungunya, Onyong o Zoo prophylaxis
Nyong Virus • Environmental control
INCP: 6-7 days o Stream cleaning
MOT: Bite of mosquito, aedis aegypti (indoor), aedus o Chloroquine 1 tab/week as
albopictus (outdoor) prophylaxis (at least 2 tabs before
going to malaria infected)
Day biting (6-8am; 4-10pm) o Screening of doors and windows
Low Flying o Avoid loitering the forest at night
Stagnam water
Urban NURSING MANAGEMENT
• CBR during attack
PREVENTION AND CONTROL • Record onset and duration during attack
• Clean method • BT
C – Chemically treated mosquito nets (permethrin) • DOG: Artemether (lumafentrine), 6-arten: 1st
L – Larva eating fish (4 pcs/cubic meter) line, chloroquine: 2nd bottle, sulfaclozine
E – Environmental sanitation (4:00 pm) pyrimethodine
A – Anti-mosquito lotion
N – Neel tree (oregano, citronella)
NURSING MANAGEMENT
• Hydration
• CBR
• Antipyretics
• Avoid dark colored food
• Loose clothing
• BT

MALARIA
Protozoal infection
AKA Ague, marsh disease, king of tropical disease

Palapal, Hanna Jeuline DR.