DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

Pramod Kr. Singh : 9709149520

i Short answer type questions (2 marks) Class - XIIth

Q.1 Write conclusions of Oersted’s experiment.

Ans: (i) A current- carrying conductor produces a magnetic field.

(ii) The larger value of current in the conductor, the stronger is the magnetic field and vice-versa.

(iii) The magnetic field produced by a current-carrying conductor is at right angles to it.

(iv) A current - carrying conductor produces a magnetic field consisting of circular lines of force concentric
with the conductor.

(v) Charge in rest produces electric field and in motion produces electric field as well as magnetic field.

Q.2 Define magnetic field and write its S.I. unit.

S.I.
Ans: The space around the magnet in which any other magnet experiences a force of attraction or repulsion is
known as magnetic field. Its SI unit is tesla (T).

SI (T)
Q.3 What do you mean by potential gradient ? State its SI unit.
S.I.
Ans: The fall in potential per unit length of the potentiometer wire is called potetial gradient.
potential gratiant(K) = V/ l
SI unit of potential gradient = V/m. Practical unit of potential gradient = V/cm.
Thus potential gradient of a wire depends upon the following factors-
(i) K v (current passing through the potentiometer wire)
(ii) K vU(specific resistance of the potentiometer wire)
(ii) K v1/A (where A is the area of cross-section of the potentiometer wire)

(K) = V/ l
SI V/m V/cm

(i) K v ( )
(ii) K vU ( )
(ii) K v1/A ( A )
Q.4 The sensitivity of a potentiometer increases with the increase in length of its wire. Explain why ?

or
Why do we prefer a potentiometer with longer bridge were ?

Ans: When length of potentiomer wire is increases then the fall of potential per unit length of the wire becomes
smaller. Hence, even a small potential difference can be measured.Hence sensitivity of a potentiometer
increases with the increase in length of potentiometer wire

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Q.5 We prefer potentiometer to compare the emfs of cells than the voltmeter. Why ?

Ans: E.M.F. of a cell is equal to the potential difference across the terminals of the cell when no current is drawn
from the cell. Since potentiometer draws no current from the cell, hence it can measure the e.m.f. of the cell
accurately.

Q.6 Why is voltmeter less accurate in measuring the potential difference than a potentiometer ?

Ans: A potentiometer does not draw any current from the cell of circuit. Hence potentiometer reads exact potential
differece. Whereas a voltmeter always draws some current from the cell or circuit. So the main current in the
circuit decreases. Consequently, the potential difference measured by the voltmeter is less than the actual value.

Q.7 Give two differences between potentiometer and voltmeter.

Ans: VOLTMETER
POTINTIOMETER

(i) It acts like an ideal votmeter of infinite (i) It is an ordinary instrument of finite
resistance. resistance.

(ii) It works on deflection method.

(ii) It works on null method.
(iii) It is an approximation device.
(iii) It is very accurate device.
(iv) Sensitivity is low.
(iv) Sensitivity is very high.
(v) It is of small size.
(v) It is of large size.

Q.8 Explain the principle of potentiometer. How can its sensitivity be increased ? Why is it called ideal voltmeter ?

Ans: The potential difference across any part of the uniform wire carrying steady current is directly proportional to
the length of that part of the wire.
The smallest potential difference that can be accurately measured by a potentiometer is known as the
sensitivity of the potentiometer.
A potentiometer can be more sensitivity by decreasing potential gradient
(i) By decreasing the potentiometer current with the help of the rheostat or
(ii) By increasing the length of the wire of the potentiometer.
The resistance of the potentiometer is infinte, hence it is called ideal voltmeter.

(i) (Rheostat)
(ii)

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Q.8 What is shunt ? Mention its important uses.

Ans. A low resistance which is connected in parallel with a galvanometer (or ammeter) to protect it from strong
currents is called Shunt.

USES OF SHUNT :-

1. To prevent a galvanometer from being damaged due to large current.

2. To convert a galvanometer into ammeter.

3. To increase the range of an ammeter.

Q.10 Why do we prefer phosphors-bronze alloys for the suspension wire in moving coil galvanometer ?

Ans. The phosphors-bronze alloys is used for the suspension wire in moving coil galvanometer because of its
followings properties :-

1. Small restorig torque per unit twist. This makes galvanometer highly sensitive.

2. High tensile strength. 3. Rust resisting.

Q.11 When is a galvanometer said to be sensitive ? Define current sensitivity and voltage sensitivityof a galvanometer.

Ans. Sensitivity( ):-

If a small current flowing through the coil of galvanometer produces a large deflection in coil then a galvanometer is
said to be sensitive .

Current sensitivity ( ):

The deflection produced per unit current flowing in galvanometer is called current sensitivity of a galvanometer.

Therefore, if T is the deflection produced on passing current , then

T

θ
Current sensitivity( )= , SI unit rad/A

Voltage Sensitivity( ): -
The deflection produced per unit voltage applied to galvanometer is called votage sensitivity of a galvanometer.

Therefore, if T is the deflection produced on applied votage , then

T
θ θ
Voltage sensitivity ( ) =

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Q.12 State the factors on which the sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer depends. How can we increase the sensitivity
of a galvanometer ?

i Factors on which the sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer depends:-

1. Number of turns N in its coil.( N )

2. Magnetic field B. ( B )
3. Area A of the coil.( A )
4. Torsion constant k of the spring and suspension wire. ( K )
i Factors by which the sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer can be increased :-

1. By increasing the number of turns N of the coil. ( N )

2. By increasing the magnetic field B. ( B )
3. By increasing the area A of the coil. ( A )
4. By decreasing the value of torsion constant K.( K )
Q.13 How can a moving coil galvanometer be converted into ammeter and voltmeter ?

Ans : A galvanometer is converted into an ammeter by connecting a low resistance R s(Shunt) in parallel with the
galvanometer.
Rs( )
A galvanometer is converted into an voltmeter by connecting a high resistance R in series with the
galvanometer.

Q.14 Write the characteristics of moving coil galvanometer.

Ans: 1. It can be made extremely sensitive, so that even a small current in electric circuit can be detected.

2. Since deflection of the coil of the galvanometer is derectely proportional to the currenr, so linear scal can be
used.

3. As the magnetic field is very strong, so the external magnetic fields can not change the deflection of the
coil of the galvanometer.

4. It is a dead beat type galvanometer.

Q.15 What is the impimportance of radial magnetic field in a moving coil galvanometer ?

Ans: Radial magnetic makes the arm of the couple fixed and hence the torque on the coil is always same in all
positions of the coil in the magnetic field. This provides a linear current scale.

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