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Home / NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science chapter-4 Carbon And Its Compounds

NCERT SOLUTIONS FOR CLASS 10 SCIENCE CHAPTER-4

CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS
NCERT Solutions for class-10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compound is prepared by senior and
renown teachers of Physics Wallah primary focus while solving science questions of class-10 is NCERT
textbook, Read the theory of this chapter and try to understand the meaning and then after start writing
the questions given in class-10 NCERT textbook for the chapter 4. NCERT Solutions are accessible in PDF
format on Physics Wallah.com. Here all chapter lists with detailed examples for NCERT Solution for Class 10
Science.

Answer The Following Question.

1. What would be the electron dot structure of carbon dioxide which has the formula of CO2?

Solution :

2. What would be the electron dot structure of a molecule of sulphur which is made up of eight atoms of
sulphur?

Solution :

Recent Concepts
chapter-1 Chemical Reactions and Equations 
3. How many structural isomers can you draw for pentane?
chapter-2 Acids, Bases and Salts 

Solution : The isomers are as under: chapter-3 Metals and Non-metals 

chapter-4 Carbon And Its Compounds 

chapter-5 Periodic Classification of Elements 

chapter-6 Life Processes 

chapter-7 Control and Coordination 

chapter-8 How do Organisms Reproduce 

chapter-9 Heredity and Evolution 

chapter-10 Light Reflection and Refraction 

chapter-11 The Human Eye and the Colourful World


chapter-12 Electricity 
4. What are two properties of carbon which lead to the huge number of carbon compounds we see around
us? chapter-13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current 

chapter-14 Sources of Energy 

Solution : The two properties are :
chapter-15 Our Environment 
(a) catenation- the ability to form bonds with other atoms of carbon.
chapter-16 Natural Resources 
(b) Tetravalancy of carbon.

5. What will be the formula and electron dot structure for cyclopentane?

Solution : Formula of cyclopentane is C5 H10. The electron dot structure cyclcopente is:
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6. Draw the structure for the following compounds :

(i) Ethanoic acid

(ii) Bromopentane

(iii) Butane

(iv) Hexanal

Solution : Structure of compounds are given as under :

(i) Ethanoic acid

(ii) Bromopentane

(iii) Butanone

(iv) Hexanal

7. How would you name the following compounds?

Solution :

(i) Bromomethane

(ii) Methanal (Formaldehyde)

(iii) Hexyne

8. Would you be able to check if water is hard by using a detergent?

Solution : No, we would be able to check if water is hard by using a detergent.

9. People use a variety of methods to wash clothes. Usually after adding the soap, they beat the clothes on
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stone, or beat it with a paddle, scrub with a brush or the mixture is agitated in a washing machine. Why is
agitation necessary to get clean clothes?

Solution : Agitation is necessary to obtain complete mecells formation and the emulsion of oil in water so
that the whole of dirt is removed on rinsing with water.

10. Ethane, with the molecular formula C6 has

(a) 6 covalent bonds

(b) 7 covalent bonds

(c) 8 covalent bonds

(d) 9 covalent bonds

Solution : (b) 7 covalent bonds

11. Butanone is a four carbon compound with the functional group

(a) carboxylic acid

(b) aldehyde

(c) ketone

(d) alcohol

Solution : (c) Ketone

12. While cooking, if the bottom of the vessels is getting blackened on the outside, it means that

(a) the fuel is not cooked completely.

(b) the fuel is not burning completely.

(c) the fuel is wet.

(d) the is burning completely.

Solution : (b) the fuel is not burning completely.

13. Explain the nature of the covalent bond using the bond formation in CH3Cl.

Solution : Covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons between two atoms. It is non-ionic in nature.

14. Draw the electron dot structure for

(a) Ethanoic acid

(b) H2S

(c) Propanone

(d) F2

Solution :

(a) Ethanoic acid

(b) H2S

(c) Propanone
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(d) F2

15. What is a homologous series? Explain with an example.

Solution : Series of compounds in which the same functional group substitutes for hydrogen in a carbon
chain is called homologues series. The difference between the formulae of any two successive members is
–CH2 and difference between the molecular formula is 14 u.

16. How can ethanol and Ethanoic acid be differentiated on the basis of their physical and chemical
properties?

Solution :

On the basis of physical properties :

Melting and boiling points of ethanol is 156 K and 351 K but melting and boiling point of Ethanoic acid is
290K and 391K respectively.

On the chemical properties :

Ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate liberating carbon dioxide while ethanol does not.

17. Why does micelle formation take place when soap is added to water? Will a micelle be formed in other
solvents such as ethanol also?

Solution : Soap is sodium or potassium salt of long chain fatty acid. Two ends of soap molecules have
different properties. The ionic end is hydrophilic. It dissolve in water while the hydrogen chain is
hydrophobic, it dissolve in hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbon chains are oriented towards the oil droplet while
the ionic ends are oriented towards water. Micelles formation will not take place in ethanol.

18. Why are carbon and its compounds used as fuels for most applications?

Solution : Carbon on combustion gives carbon dioxide and water. This reaction is accompanied by
evolution of heat and light. The same is true for compounds of carbon. That is why carbon and its
compounds are used as fuel for most applications.

19. Explain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap.

Solution : Hard water contains hydrogen carbonates, chlorides and sulphates of calcium and magnesium
which reacts with soap to form scum. For example, calcium chloride reacts with soap to form scum.
Sodium stearate + Calcium chloride à sodium chloride + Calcium stearate(scum)

20. What change will you observe if you test soap with litmus paper (red and blue)?

Solution : Soap is sodium or potassium salt of fatty acid. It is obtained by treating of oil with caustic soda.
Sodium stearate is thus a salt of weak acid and strong base. Its water solution will be slightly alkaline and
will turn red litmus red.

21. What is hydrogenation? What is its industrial application?

Solution : Unsaturated hydrocarbons add hydrogen in presence of catalysts such as palladium or nickel to
give saturated hydrocarbons. This process is called hydrogenation.
It is commercially used for converting vegetable oils to ‘vanaspati’ ghee in presence of nickel as catalyst.

22. Which of the following hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions?

C6, C3H8, C3H6, C2 and CH4

Solution : C3H6 and C2H2 will undergo addition reactions.

23. Give a test that can be used to differentiate chemically between butter and cooking oil?

Solution : Butter and cooking oil can be differentiated with the help of bromine water test. Cooking oil will
decolorize the red colour of bromine water on shaking while butter will not.
24. Explain in mechanism of the cleaning action of soap.

or potassium PW
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Solution : Soap are sodium salt Centres PW Two
of fatty acids. SkillsendsAsk
of Doubt
molecules of soap behave
differently. This ionic end is hydrophilic and it is oriented towards water. The other hydrocarbon end is
hydrophobic and it is oriented towards dirt which is oily in nature. A micelle formation around the oily dirt
takes place. When flushed with excess of water, the micelle containing the dirt is removed, thus cleaning
the clothes, etc.

Chapter Wise NCERT Solutions of Class-10 Science

1. Chapter 1 Chemical Reaction and Equations

2. Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts

3. Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals

4. Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds

5. Chapter 5 Periodic Classifications of Elements

6. Chapter 6 Life Processes

7. Chapter 7 Control and Cordination

8. Chapter 8 How to Organisms Reproduce

9. Chapter 9 Heridity and Revolution

10. Chapter10 Light Reflection and Refraction

11. Chapter 11 The Human Eye and Colourful World

12. Chapter 12 Electricity

13. Chapter 13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

14. Chapter 14 Sources of Energy

15. Chapter 15 Our Environment

16. Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources

Aditional Resource Notes For Class-10

Notes on Physics for class-10 Science

Notes on chemistry for class-10 Science

Notes on Biology for class-10 Science

Notes on Mathematics for class-10

Related Chapters
chapter-1 Chemical Reactions and Equations

chapter-2 Acids, Bases and Salts

chapter-3 Metals and Non-metals

chapter-4 Carbon And Its Compounds

chapter-5 Periodic Classification of Elements

chapter-6 Life Processes

chapter-7 Control and Coordination

chapter-8 How do Organisms Reproduce

chapter-9 Heredity and Evolution

chapter-10 Light Reflection and Refraction

chapter-11 The Human Eye and the Colourful World

chapter-12 Electricity
 chapter-13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

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chapter-14 Sources of Energy

chapter-15 Our Environment

chapter-16 Natural Resources

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