Sayyida al Hurra

Sayyida al Hurra (Arabic: ‫)السيدة الحرة‬, real name Lalla Aicha bint Ali ibn Rashid al-Alami (Arabic:
‫( )لال عائشة بنت علي بن رشيد العلمي‬1485 – 14 July 1561),[5] was Hakimat Titwan (Governor of
Tét ouan) bet ween 1515–1542 and a Moroccan privat eer leader during t he early 16t h cent ury.[6]
She became t he wife of t he Wat t asid Sult an Ahmad ibn Muhammad. She is considered t o be "one
of t he most import ant female figures of t he Islamic West in t he modern age".[7]
 ‫لال عائشة العلمي‬
Lalla Aicha al-Alami

Sayyida al Hurra, as imagined by a Modern artist.

Sultana consort of Morocco

Tenure 1541 – 1549

Hakimat Titwan

Rule 1515/1519[1] – 1542

Predecessor Sidi Al-Mandri II

Born c.1485 - 1495[2]

Died 14 July 1561

Spouse Sidi Al-Mandri II (c.1501; died 1519)[3]

Sultan Ahmad ibn Muhammad (m.1541; died
1549)

Names

Lalla Aicha bint Ali ibn Rashid al-Alami

Dynasty Wattasid (by marriage)

Father Ali ibn Rashid al-Alami

Mother Zohra Fernandez [4]

 Religion Sunni Islam

The life of Sayyida al-Hurra can be underst ood wit hin geopolit ical and religious cont ext s,
part icularly t he st ruggle bet ween Muslim and Christ ian empires during her lifet ime. The Muslim
Ot t omans had capt ured Const ant inople in 1453, marking t he end of t he Roman Empire. Al-Hurra
was t wo years old when t he Port uguese st art ed t heir colonial conquest by capt uring some port s
at t he west ern coast of Morocco, st art ing t he year 1487. A few years lat er, Granada fell int o t he
hands of t he Cat holic Monarchs Isabella I of Cast ile and Ferdinand II of Aragon and forced
conversions of Muslims in Spain followed.

Allied wit h t he Ot t oman corsair Barbarossa of Algiers,[8] al-Hurra cont rolled t he west ern
Medit erranean Sea while Barbarossa cont rolled t he east .[9] She was also prefect of Tét ouan. In
1515, she became t he last person in Islamic hist ory t o legit imat ely hold t he t it le of al Hurra
(Queen) following t he deat h of her husband, who ruled Tét ouan. She lat er married t he Berber King
of Morocco, Ahmed al-Wat t asi, but refused t o leave Tét ouan t o do so. This marriage marks t he
only t ime in Moroccan hist ory a king married away from t he capit al, Fez.[7][10]

Etymology

Early life

As Governor of Tétouan

As a corsair

Later life

Relationship to California

References
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Last edited 2 months ago by Aciram