B.

PHARMA*

Pharmacy is the science and technique of preparing as well as dispensing drugs and medicines. It
is a health profession that links health sciences with chemical sciences and aims to ensure the
safe and effective use of pharmaceutical drugs. The scope of pharmacy practice includes more
traditional roles such as compounding and dispensing medications, and it also includes more
modern services related to health care, including clinical services, reviewing medications for
safety and efficacy, and providing drug information. Pharmacists, therefore, are the experts on
drug therapy and are the primary health professionals who optimize use of medication for the
benefit of the patients.

Eligibility: 10+2 with Biology

To earn a B.Pharma degree a student has to earn minimum180 credits, min 100 credits
from general science subjects, min 40 credits from pharmaceutical subjects and
remaining can be taken from any stream

Every student has to attain a minimum of D grade in all courses, a student may however, repeat
or change any course being offered. Notwithstanding, every student must acquire the desired
number of credits. The detailed course structure under different categories is given in succeeding
pages. Brief description of the course content follows thereafter.

*B. Pharma program will be conducted specifically after approval of particular council and as
per their requirement.
Codes Subjects Credit
29.101 Pharmaceutical Analysis-I 4
29.102 Remedial Mathematics 4
29.103 Remedial Biology 4
29.104 Pharmacognosy- I 4
29.105 Pharmaceutical Chemistry- I (Inorganic) 4
29.106 Introduction to Pharmacy 4
29.107 Pharmaceutics- I (Physical Pharmacy) 4
29.108 Advanced Mathemetics 4
29.109 Pharmaceutical Chemisty- II (Physical Chemistry) 4
29.110 Pharmaceutical Chemisty- III (Organic Chemistry- I) 4
29.111 Anatomy, Physiology & Health Education-I 4
29.112 Pharmaceutics -II 4
29.113 Pharmaceutical Chemistry- IV (Organic Chemistry- II) 4

29.201 Pharmacognosy- II 4
29.202 Pharmaceutical Analysis-II 4
29.203 Anatomy, Physiology &Health Education-II 4
29.204 Pharmaceutics-III (Unit Operations-II) 4
29.205 Pharmaceutical Microbiology 4
29.206 Pharmacognosy- III 4
29.207 Pathophysiology of Common Diseases 4
29.208 Pharmaceutics- IV (Dispensing & Community Pharmacy) 4
29.209 Pharmaceutical Chemistry- V( Biochemistry) 4
29.210 Pharmaceutics- V (Pharmaeutical Technology I) 4
29.211 Pharmacology- I 4
29.212 Pharmacognosy- IV 4

29.301 Pharmaceutics-VI (Hospital Pharmacy) 4

29.302 Pharmaceutical Chemistry- VI (Medical Chemistry- I) 4
29.303 Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence & Ethics 4
Pharmaceutics- VII (Biopharmaceutics &
29.304 Pharmacokinetics) 4
29.305 Pharmacology-II 4
29.306 Pharmacognosy- V (Chemistry of Natural Products) 4
29.307 Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 4
29.308 Pharmaceutics- VIII( Pharmaceutical Technology-II) 4
29.309 Pharmaceutical Industrial Management 4
29.310 Pharmacology- III 4
29.311 Pharmaceutical Chemistry- VII (Medicinal Chemistry- II) 4
29.312 Pharmaceutics- IX (Dosage Form Design) 4

29.401 Pharmaceutical Analysis- III 4

Pharmaceutical Chemistry- VIII(Medicinal Chemistry-
29.402 III) 4
29.403 Pharmacognosy-VI 4
Pharmacology- IV (Clinical Pharmacy & Drug
29.404 Interactions 4
29.405 Quality Assurance & Validation 4
29.406 Drug design and lead identification 4
29.407 Bioavailability and therapeutic drug monitoring 4
29.408 Cosmeticology 4
29.409 Packaging technology 4

29.410 Pharmaceutical Marketing 4

29.411 Medicinal Plant Biotechnology 4
29.445 Project 4
29.101 Pharmaceutical Analysis – I
Credits: 4
Contents: Significance of quantitative analysis in quality control, Acid Base Titrations
Oxidation Reduction Titrations, Precipitation Titrations, Gravimetric Analysis

29.102 Remedial Mathematics

Credits: 4
Contents: Algebra Measures of Central Value Trigonometry Analytical Plans Geometry
Calculus Differential & Integral Introduction to statistics

29.103 Remedial Biology

Credits: 4
Contents: Methods of classification of plants, Plant Cell- It's structure and non-living inclusions;
mitosis and meiosis; different types of plant tissues and their functions, Morphology and
histology of root, stem, bark, wood, leaf, flower fruit and seed. Modification of root and stem.,
General Survey of Animal Kingdom; Structure and life history of parasites as illustrated by
amoeba, entamoeba, trypanosoma, plasmodium, taenia, ascaris, schistosoma, oxyuris, and
ancylostoma, General Structure and life history of insects like mosquito, housefly, mites and
silkworm.

29.104 Pharmacognosy – I
Credits: 4
Contents: Definition, history, scope and development of Pharmacognosy Sources of drugs
Classification of drugs Plant Taxonomy Cultivation, Collection, Processing and storage of
crude drugs Quality control of crude drugs An introduction to active constituents of drugs
Systematic pharmacognostic study a) Carbohydrates and derived products b) Lipids

29.105 Pharmaceutical Chemistry – I (Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry)

Credits: 4
Contents: An outline of methods of preparation, uses, sources of impurities, tests for purity and
identity, including limit tests for iron, arsenic, lead, heavy metals, chloride, sulphate and special
tests if any, of the following classes of inorganic pharmaceuticals included in Indian
Pharmacopoeia. Acids and Bases Gastrointestinal Agents Major Intra-and Extra-cellular
Electrolytes Essential and Trace Elements: Transition elements and their compounds of
pharmaceutical importance Cationic and anionic components of inorganic drugs useful for
systemic effects. Topical Agents. Gases and Vapours Dental Products: Dentifrice, Anti-caries
agents. Complexing and chelating agents used in therapy Miscellaneous Agents 1 Inorganic
Radio Pharmaceutical

29. 106 Introduction to Pharmacy

Credits: 4
Contents: History Of Pharmacy Introduction to pharmacopoeias with special references to I.P.,
B.P., U.S.P. & International Pharmacopoeia including general notices Pharmaceutical
Calculations: Posology, Latin terms, calculation of doses for infants, adults and elderly patients;
Enlarging and reducing recipes percentage solution, allegation, alcohol dilution, proof spirit.
Pharmaceutical Additives: Coloring, flavouring and sweetening agents, co-solvents,
preservatives, surfactant and their applications, antioxidants. Introduction of Pharmaceutical
Dosage Forms

29.107 Pharmaceutics - I (Physical Pharmacy)

Credits: 4
Contents: Matter, Properties of Matter Micromeretic and Powder Rheology Surface and
Interfacial Phenomenon Viscosity and Rheology Dispersion Systems Complexation:
Classification of complexes, methods of preparation and analysis, applications. Kinetics and
Drug Stability Buffers: Buffer equations and buffer capacity in general, buffers in
pharmaceutical systems, preparation, stability, buffered isotonic solutions, measurements of
tonicity, calculations and methods of adjusting isotonicity.

29. 108 Advanced Mathematics

Credits: 4
Contents : Differential equations Laplace transforms Biometrics

29.109 Pharmaceutical Chemistry – II (Physical Chemistry)

Credits: 4
Contents: Behaviour of Gases The Liquid State Solutions There dynamics Adsorption
Photochemistry Chemical Kincties Quantum Mechanics

29.110 Pharmaceutical Chemistry - III (Organic Chemistry)

Credits: 4
Contents: The subject of organic chemistry will be treated in its modem perspective keeping for
the sake of convenience, the usual classification of 'organic compounds.: Structure and
Properties Stereochemistry Structure; Nomenclature; Prepanition and Reactions of: Alkanes,
Alkenes, Alkynes; Cycloalkanes, Dienes, Benzene, Polynuclear aromatic compounds, Arenes,
Alkyl halides, Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, Amines, Phenols, Aldeh¥des and ketones, Carboxylic
acids, Functional derivatives of' carboxylic acids, Reactive intermediates - carbocations,
carbanions, carbenes, nitrene and nitrenium ions.

29. 111 Anatomy, Physiology & Health Education (APHE) –I

Credits: 4
Contents: Scope of anatomy and physiology and basic terminology used these subjects;
Structure of cell, its components and their functions; Elementary Tissues of the Human Body:
Epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissues, their sub-types and their characteristics
Osseous System: Structure, composition and functions of skeleton Classification of joints, types
of movements of joints, Disorders of joints. Anatomy, Physiology and Disorders of Skeletal
Muscles. Haemopoietic System : Lymph and Lymphatic System 9. Cardiovascular System

29.112 Pharmaceutics - II
Credits: 4
Contents: Unit Operations: Introduction, basic laws. Fluid Flow: Types of flow, Reynold's
number, Viscosity, Concept of boundary layer, basic equations of fluid flow, valves, flow
meters, manometers and measurement of flow and pressure. Material Handling Systems.
Filtration and Centrifugation Crystallization Dehumidification and Humidity Control
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Material of Construction 9. Industrial Hazards and Safety
Precautions : Mechanical, Chemical, Electrical, fire and dust hazards. Industrial dermatitis,
Accident records etc.

29. 113 Pharmaceutical Chemistry - IV (Organic Chemistry - II)

Credits: 4
Contents: Stereochemistry Reaction mechanism: Methods of preparation with mechanism,
properties and mechanism of name reaction associated with: -(i) Carboxylic acid (aromatic and
aliphatic) and their derivatives(ii) Hydroxy acids (iii) Active methylene compounds (acetoacetic
ester and malonic ester) and their synthetic importance. (iv) a , ß-unsaturated carbonyl
compounds Name reactions: - Wolf-kishner reduction, Clemensen reduction, Birch reduction,
Meervien- pondroff varley reduction, Oppenaur oxidation, Bayer-villiger oxidation, Backman,
Hoffman,Curtius, Schimdt & Pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement.

29.201 Pharmacognosy – II
Credits: 4
Contents: Study of Drugs Containing Resins and Resin Combination Study of tannins and
tannin containing drugs Volatile Oils Phytochemical Screening: a. Preparation of extracts. b.
Screening of alkaloids, saponins, cardenolides and bufadienolides, flavonoids and
leucoanthocyanidins, tannins and polyphenols, anthraquinones, cynogenetic glycosides, amino
acids in plant extracts. Fibres used in pharmacy Pharmaceutical aids: Study of pharmaceutical
aids like talc, diatomite, kaolin, bentonite, gelatin and natural colors.

29.202 Pharmaceutical Analysis – II

Credits: 4
Contents: Theoretical considerations, and application in drug analysis and quality control of
Non-aqueous titrations Complexometric titrations Miscellaneous Methods of Analysis:
Diazotisation titrations, Kjeldahl method of nitrogen estimation, Karl-Fischer titration, Oxygen
flask combustion, gasometry. Extraction procedures including separation of drugs from
excipients Chromatography Potentiometry Conductometry Coulometry Polarography,
Amperometry

29.203 Anatomy, Physiology and Health Education (APHE -II)

Credits: 4
Contents: Anatomy, Functions & Disorders of Digestive System Respiratory System Central
Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System Urinary System Reproductive System Endocrine
System Sense Organs 9.a. Concepts of health and disease: Disease causing agents and
prevention of disease. b. Classification of food requirements c. Demography and family
planning d. Communicable diseases e. First Aid: Emergency treatment of shock, snake bites,
burns, poisoning, fractures and resuscitation methods.

29.204 Pharmaceutics - III

Credits: 4
Contents Stoichiometry Heat Transfer Evaporation Distillation Drying Size Reduction and
Size Separation Mixing Automated Process Control Systems Reactors and fundamentals of
reactors design for chemical reactions.
29.205 Pharmaceutical Microbiology
Credits: 4
Contents Introduction to the scope of microbiology. Structure of bacterial cell. Classification
of microbes and their taxonomy Identification of Microbes: Stains and types of staining
techniques, electron microscopy. Nutrition, cultivation, isolation of bacteria, actinomycetes,
fungi, viruses, etc. Microbial genetics and variation. Control of microbes by physical and
chemical methods. Sterility testing of all pharmaceutical products. Immunity, primary and
secondary, defensive mechanisms of body, microbial resistance, interferon. Microbial assays of
antibiotics, vitamins & amino acids.

29.206 Pharmacognosy – III

Credits: 4
Contents: Study of the biological sources, cultivation, collection, commercial varieties,
chemical constituents, substitutes, adulterants, uses, diagnostic macroscopic and microscopic
features and specific chemical tests of following groups of drugs containing glycosides(i)
Saponins (ii) Cardioactive sterols (iii) Anthraquinone cathartics (iv) Others: Psoralea, Ammi
majus, Ammi visnaga, gentian, saffron, chirata, quassia. Studies of traditional drugs, common
vernacular names, botanical sources, morphology, chemical nature of chief constituents,
pharmacology, categories and common uses and marketed formulations of following indigenous
drugs: Amla, Kantkari, Satavari, Tylophora etc. The holistic concept of drug administration in
traditional systems of medicine. Introduction to ayurvedic preparations

29.207 Pathophysiology of Common Diseases

Credits: 4
Contents Basic Principles of Cell Injury and Adaptation Basic Mechanisms involved in the
process of inflammation and repair Pathophysiology of Common Diseases: Rheumatoid
arthritis, gout, epilepsy, psychosis, depression, mania, hypertension, angina, congestive heart
failure, infection, diabetes, peptic ulcer, asthma, ulcerative colitis, hepatic disorders, acute and
chronic renal failure, tuberculosis, urinary tract infections, sexually transmitted diseases, anemias
and common types of neoplasms.

29.208 Pharmaceutics - IV (Dispensing and Community Pharmacy)

Credits: 4
Contents: Definition and Scope of Dispensing & Community Pharmacy Prescription General
dispensing procedures Pharmaceutical calculations Principles involved and procedures adopted
in dispensing Physical and chemical incompatibilities, inorganic incompatibilities including
incompatibilities of metals and their salts, non-metals, acids, alkalis organic incompatibilities.
Correction of incompatibilities. Therapeutic incompatibilities. Community Pharmacy:
Organization and structure of retail and whole sale drug store-types of drug store and design,
legal requirements for establishment, maintenance and drug store-dispensing of proprietary
products, maintenance of records of retail and wholesale, patient counseling, role of pharmacist
in community health care and education.

29.209 Pharmaceutical Chemistry –V (Biochemistry)

Credits: 4
Contents: Biochemical organization of the cell and transport processes across cell membrane.
The concept of free energy, determination of change in free energy Enzymes Co-enzymes:
Carbohydrate Metabolism The Citric Acid Cycle Lipids Metabolism Biological Oxidation
Nitrogen & Sulphur Cycle Metabolism of Ammonia and Nitrogen Containing Monomers 1
Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids 1 Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis1 Regulation of gene
expression.

29.210 Pharmaceutics - V (Pharmaceutical Technology I)

Credits: 4
Contents: Liquid Dosages Forms Semisolid Dosage Forms Suppositories: Ideal requirements,
bases, manufacturing procedure, packaging and evaluation. Extraction and Galenical Products :
Principle and method of extraction, preparation of infusion, tinctures, dry and soft liquid extracts.
Blood Products and Plasma Substitutes Pharmaceutical Aerosols Ophthalmic Preparations:
Requirements, formulation, methods of preparation, containers, evaluation. Cosmeticology and
Cosmetic Preparations

29.211 Pharmacology I
Credits: 4
Contents: Introduction to General Pharmacology Pharmacology of Peripheral Nervous System
Pharmacology of Central Nervous System a) Neurohumoral transmission in the C.N.S. b)
General Anesthetics. c) Alcohols and disulfiram. d) Sedatives, hypnotics, Anti-anxiety agents
and Centrally acting muscle relaxaQ.ts. e) Psychopharmacological agents (anti-psychotics)
antidepressants anti maniacs and hallucinogens. f) Anti-epileptics drugs. g) Anti-Parkinsonian
Drugs. h) Analgesics, Antipyretics, Anti-inflammatory and Anti-gout drugs. i) Narcotic
analgesics and antagonists. J) C.N .S. stimulants k) Drug Addiction and Drug Abuse.

29.212 Pharmacognosy – IV
Credits: 4
Contents: Systematic study of source, cultivation, collection, processing, commercial varieties,
chemical constituents, substitutes, adulterants, uses, diagnostic macroscopic and microscopic
features and specific chemical tests of following alkaloid containing drugs Role of medicinal
and aromatic plants in national economy. Biological sources, preparation, identification tests
and uses of the following enzymes: Diastase, papain, pepsin, trypsin, pancreatin. General
techniques of biosynthetic studies and basic metabolic pathways. Brief introduction to biogenesis
of secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical importance. Plant bitters and sweeteners.
Introduction, classification and study of different chromatographic methods and their
applications in evaluation of herbal drugs.

29.301 Pharmaceutics VI (Hospital Pharmacy)

Credits: 4
Contents: Organization and Structure of Hospital Hospital Formulary Drug Store Management
and Inventory Control Drug distribution Systems in Hospitals Central Sterile Supply Unit and
their Management Manufacture of Sterile and Nonsterile Products Drug Information Services
Records and Reports 9. Nuclear Pharmacy

29.302 Pharmaceutical Chemistry VI (Medical Chemistry - I)

Credits: 4
Contents: Basic Principles of Medicinal Chemistry Principles of Drug Design : Traditional
analog (QSAR) and mechanism based approaches applications of quantum mechanics, Computer
Aided Drug Designing (CADD) and molecular modeling. Synthetic procedures of selected
drugs, mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship including physicochemical properties
of Drugs acting at Synaptic and neuro-effector junction sites, Autocoids , Drugs affecting uterine
motility

29.303 Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence & Ethics

Credits: 4
Contents: Introduction to Pharmaceutical Legislations, Drugs & Pharmaceutical Industry,
Pharmaceutical Education - A brief review. Study of Pharmaceutical Ethics, Pharmacy Act
1948, Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 and Rules 1945, Medicinal & Toilet Preparations (Excise
Duties) Act 1955, Narcotic Drugs & Psychotropic Substances Act 1985 & Rules, Drugs Price
Control Order. A brief study of said acts with special reference to the main provisions.: Poisons
Act 1919 , Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act 1954, Medical
Termination of Pregnancy Act 1970 & Rules 1975, Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1960,
States Shops & Establishments Act & Rules, Insecticides Act 1968, AICTE Act 1987, Factories
Act 1948, Minimum Wages Act 194 k Patents Act 1970. A brief study of the various
Prescription/Non-prescription Products, Medical /Surgical accessories, Diagnostic aids,
appliances available in the market.
Note: The teaching of all the about Acts should cover the latest amendments.

29.304 Pharmaceutics VII (Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics)

Credits: 4
Contents: Introduction to Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics and their role in formulation
development and clinical setting. Clinical Pharmacokinetics Bioavailability and bioequivalence:
Measures of bioavailability, Cmax, t max, and Area Under the Curve (AUe). Design of single
dose bioequivalence study and relevant statistics. Review of regulatory requirements for
conduction of bioequivalent studies

29.305 Pharmacology – II
Credits: 4
Contents: Pharmacology of Cardiovascular System Drugs Acting on the Hemopoietic System:
Drugs acting on urinary system Autocoids Drugs Acting on the Respiratory System

29.306 Pharmacognosy - V (Chemistry of Natural Products)

Credits: 4
Contents: Chemical and spectral approaches to simple molecules of natural origin Concept of
stereoisomerism taking examples of natural products; Chemistry, biogenesis and
pharmacological activity of medicinally important monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and
triterpenoids; Carotenoids; Glycosides; Alkaloids; Chemistry and biogenesis of medicinally
important lignans and quassanoids, flavonoids; Chemistry and therapeutic activity of penicillin,
streptomycin and tetracyclines.

29.307 Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Credits: 4
Contents: Immunology and Immunological Preparations Genetic Recombination Antibiotics:
Historical development of antibiotics. Antimicrobial spectrum and methods used for their
standardization. Screening of soil for organisms producing antibiotics, fermenter, its design,
control of different parameters. Isolation of mutants, factors influencing rate of mutation. Design
of fermentation process. Isolation of fermentation products with special reference to penicillins,
streptomycins tetracyclines and vitamin B12 Microbial Transformation Enzyme
immobilization.

29.308 Pharmaceutics - VIII (Pharmaceutical Technology II)

Credits: 4
Contents: Capsules dosage form, Micro-encapsulation, its importance, microencapsulation by
various evaluation of micro capsules. Formulation of Tablets, physics of tablets making,
different types of tablet compression machinery and the equipments employed, evaluation of
tablets; Coating of Tablets ; Stability kinetics and quality assurance. Parenteral Products: a)
Preformulation factors b) Formulation details, containers and closures and selection. c) Prefilling
treatment, equipment for large scale manufacture and evaluation of parental products. d) Aseptic
Techniques-source of contamination and methods of prevention, Design of aseptic area, Laminar
flow bench services and maintenance. e) Sterility testing of pharmaceuticals. Surgical products,
Medical prosthetics and organ replacement materials. Packaging of Pharmaceutical Products

29.309 Pharmaceutical Industrial Management

Credits: 4
Contents: Concept of Management Accountancy Principles of economics with special
reference to the laws of demand and supply, demand schedule, demand curves, labor welfare,
general principles of insurance and inland and foreign trade, procedure of exporting and
importing goods. Pharmaceutical Marketing Salesmanship Market Research: (a)Measuring &
Forecasting Market Demands-Major concept in demand measurement, Estimating current
demand, Geodemographic analysis, Estimating industry sales, Market share & Future demand.
(b) Market Segmentation & Market Targeting. Materials Management Production Management

29.310 Pharmacology - III

Credits: 4
Contents: Study of Drugs Acting on the Gastrointestinal Tract Pharmacology of Endocrine
System Chemotherapy Principles of Toxicology

29.311 Pharmaceutical Chemistry - VII (Medicinal Chemistry - II)

Credits: 4
Contents: Synthetic procedures of selected drugs, mode of action, uses, structure activity
relationship including Physico-Chemical properties of the following classes of drugs. Steroids
and related drugs : Steroidal nomenclature and stereochemistry, androgens and anabolic agents,
estrogens, and progestational agents, adrenocorticoids. Drugs acting on the Central Nervous
System: General Anesthetics, Local Anesthetics, Hypnotics and Sedatives, Opioid analgesics,
antitussives, anti convulsants, Antiparkinsonism drugs, CNS stimulants, Psychopharmacological
agents (neuroleptics, antidepressants, anxiolytics). Diuretics, Cardiovascular drugs,
Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet drugs.
Biochemical approaches in drug designing wherever applicable should be discussed.

29.312 Pharmaceutics IX (Dosage Form Design)

Credits: 4
Contents: Preformulation studies: a) Study of physical properties & chemical properties of
drugs c) Study of pro-drugs in solving problems related to stability, bioavailability and elegancy
of formulations. Design, development and process validation methods for pharmaceutical
operations Stabilization and stability testing protocol for various pharmaceutical products.
Performance evaluation methods GMP and quality assurance, Quality audit Design,
development, production and evaluation of controlled released formulations.

29.401 Pharmaceutical Analysis – III

Credits: 4
Contents : Quality assurance Techniques The theoretical aspects, basic instrumentation,
elements of interpretation of spectra, and applications of Ultraviolet and visible
spectrophotometry , Fluorimetry, Infrared spectrophotometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
spectroscopy including 13c NMR, Mass Spectrometry, Flame Photometry, Emission
Spectroscopy, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. X -ray Diffraction; Radio immunoassay
analytical techniques

29.402 Pharmaceutical Chemistry - VIII (Medicinal Chemistry III)

Credits: 4
Contents: Drug metabolism and Concepts of Prodrugs. Synthetic procedures of selected drugs,
mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship (including physicochemical aspects) of
Antimetabolites (including sulfonamides), Chemotherapeutic agents used in Protozoal, Parasitic
and other infection, Antineoplastic agents, Anti-viral including anti - HIVagents.,
Immunosuppressives and immunostimulants (Biochemical approaches in drug designing
wherever applicable should be discussed). Amino acids, peptide, nueleotides and related drugs-
Thyroid and Anti thyroid drugs, Insulin and oral hypoglycaemic agents, Peptidomimetics and
nucleotidomimetics, Diagnostic agents, Pharmaceutical Aids.

29.403 Pharmacognosy – VI
Credits: 4
Contents: World-wide trade in medicinal plants and derived products A brief account of plant
based industries and institutions involved in work on medicinal and aromatic plants in India.
Utilization and production of phytoconstituents such as quinine, calcium sennosides,
podophyllotoxin, diosgenin, solasodine, and tropane alkaloids. Utilization of aromatic plants and
derived products Historical development of plant tissue culture, types of cultures, nutritional
requirements, growth and their maintenance. Applications of plant tissue culture in
pharmacognosy. Chemotaxonomy of medicinal plants. Marine pharmacognosy, novel
medicinal agents from marine sources. Natural allergens and photosensitizing agents and fungal
toxins. Herbs as health foods. Herbal cosmetics.

29.404 Pharmacology – IV (Clinical Pharmacy and Drug Interactions)

Credits: 4
Contents: Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy. Basic Concepts of Pharmacotherapy. Clinical
Pharmacokinetics and individualization of Drug Therapy. Drug Delivery Systems and their
Biopharmaceutic Therapeutic Considerations. Drug Use During Infancy and in the Elderly
(Pediatrics & Geriatrics), drug use during Pregnancy. Drug induced Diseases. The Basics of
Drug Interactions. General Principles of Clinical Toxicology". Interpretation of Clinical
Laboratory Tests. Cardiovascular Disorders, CNS Disorders, Respiratory Disease,
Gastrointestinal Disorders, Endocrine Disorders, Infectious Diseases, Hematopoietic Disorders,
Joint and Connective Tissue Disorders, Neoplastic Diseases Disorders and their Management
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Concept of Essential Drugs and Rational Drug use.

29.405 Quality Assurance & Validation

Credits: 4
Contents: Requirements of GMP, CGMP1, GLP, USFDA, WHO guidelines and ISO 9000
series. Documentation- Protocols, Forms and maintenance of records in Pharmaceutical
industry. Preparation of documents for new drug approval and export registration. Basic
concept of quality assurance, Quality assurance systems, Sources and control of quality
variation- raw materials, containers, closures, personnel, environment etc Concepts in
validation, validation of manufacturing and analytical equipment, Process validation in
manufacturing dosage formulations, applications of process validation. In process quality
control tests, IPQC problems in pharmaceutical industries. Sampling plans, Sampling and
operating characteristics curves.

29.406 Drug design and lead identification

Credits: 4
Contents: Introduction to Drug Design Concept, Lead Discovery, drug-receptor interactions
Physicochemical Properties in Relation to Biological Action, Stereochemical Aspects in Drug
Design Drug metabolism. Prodrugs Drug Design: Analog Based Drug Design-I, Structure Based
Drug Design- , Combinatorial Chemistry, Molecular Modeling, QSAR.

29.407 Bioavailability and therapeutic drug monitoring

Credits: 4
Contents: Principles of Drug Dissolution Related to Bioavailability; Dissolution Rate;
Elementary idea of in vitro and in vivo correlation and its significance. Explanation of terms:
Bioavailability (Absolute and Relative), Bioequivalence, chemical and clinical and therapeutic
equivalence, pharmaceutical alternative; Purpose and methods of bioavailability studies using
blood level and urinary excretion data, Federal Requirements. Definition of Pharmacokinetics
and introduction to different pharmacokinetic parameters, such as rate constants for absorption
and elimination, half-life, apparent volume of distribution, clearance, steady state plasma drug
concentrations and factors affecting it. Calculation of Dosage regimen. Therapeutic Drug
Monitoring – Individualization of need based Dose requirement. Design of Dosage regimen;
Pharmacokinetic evaluation of drug levels in body, readjustment of dosage regimen, clinical
examples

29.408 Cosmeticology
Credits: 4
Contents: Perfumes: Basic principles of perfumery and fragrance; perfumery raw materials
(natural as well as synthetic), fixatives (animal secretions, resinous fixatives, essential oil
fixatives, synthetic fixatives), improvers. Formulation of perfumes. Cosmetics: (a) Principles of
formulation and manufacture of cosmetics. (b) Emulsification in cosmetics, preparation,
preservation and stability of cosmetic products creams. (c) Formulation of cosmetic preparations
of Creams, Lotions, Cleansers, Nail Laquers, Antiperspirants and deodorants. Depilatories.
Talcum and dusting powders, perfumes, Mouthwash, dentifrices. Shampoos, hair grooming &
conditioning products, hair waving and setting products, Shaving Products Colours: Natural and
Synthetics; Characteristics. Preservatives and Antioxidants: Packaging and labeling of
cosmetics. Safety and Toxicity Testing of various types of Cosmetics.

29.409 Packaging Technology

Credits: 4
Contents: Introduction of Packaging Technology- Purpose of packaging, prerequisites of an
ideal package, various types of inner and outer packages used for different pharmaceutical
dosage forms, selection of a suitable package, storage temperature, hazards encountered by the
package during storage and distribution, Glass containers, Plastics containers, Paper and paper
board, Metal containers, Caps and closures Flexible packaging, Product-package compatibility
Corrugated and solid fiber boards and boxes, Sterile product packaging, Packaging machinery,
Advances in packaging technology, Environmental considerations, Labels and labeling:

29.410 Pharmaceutical Marketing

Credits: 4
Contents: Principles of marketing management, Introduction to pharmaceutical marketing,
Identification of the marketing, Market behaviour, Prescribing habits of physician, Patient
motivation, Market analysis; Drug development and the marketing research interface,
Diversification and specialisation, Marketing generic drugs; Economic and competitive aspects
of pharmaceutical industry- Advertising, Detailing, Retail competition, International marketing;
Distribution channels in pharmaceutical marketing – Manufacturer, Wholesaler, Retailer,
Hospital & Government agencies, Selection of stockists and distributors; Controls- Internal
control and external control.

29.411 Medicinal Plant Biotechnology

Credits: 4
Contents: Herbal formulation: Principle involved in Ayurveda, Sidha, Unani, Chinese and
Homeopathic systems of medicines, preparation of Ayurvedic formulations like Aristas, Asava,
Ghutika, Tailia, Churna, Avaleha, Gritha and Bhasams; Unani formulations like Majooms and
Safoofs. Herbal Cosmetics Traditional herbal drugs General methods of screening of natural
products for following biological activity:Anti-inflammatory b) Hypoglycaemic c) Antibacterial
d) Antifertility e) Psychopharmacologica

29.445 Project
Credits: 4