COVENANT UNIVERSITY

CANAANLAND, KM 10, IDIROKO ROAD

P.M.B 1023, OTA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA.

TITLE OF EXAMINATION: B.SC SOCIOLOGY EXAMINATION

COLLEGE: COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

COURSE: SOC 222 SEMESTER: ALPHA

DEPARTMENT: SOCIOLOGY CREDIT UNIT: 2

SESSION: 2014/2015 TIME: 2 HOURS

COURSE TITLE: SOCIAL CHANGE II

MARKING GUIDE

1. (a) According to dependency theorists Third world underdevelopment dates back to the era of the
Trans-Atlantic slave trade, the era colonialism, and neo-colonialism that has persisted till today. These
are the key events that best explains the development of underdevelopment in third world countries.

(b) Students are expected to use the knowledge gained from this course in accessing the adequacy of
this perspective.

2. According to Dudley Seers, the key questions to ask about a countries development are poverty, what
has been happening to unemployment, what has been happening to income inequality. A country that
has experienced a decrease in two or more of these areas is said to be developing and a country that has
weakness and increase in this key areas is undeniably not developing.

3. (a) The major sources of social change are

a. Population growth and migration

b. Natural phenomenon like Earth Quakes, floods etc

c. Conflicts and manmade disasters e.g. wars, genocide and communal clashes.

d. Culture (discoveries, Inventions and Diffusions).

 e. Technology

(b) Students are expected to give examples of where inventions and technology has affected the

way of life of a people in their respective communities in Nigeria, a key example is the

introduction of GSM into Nigeria in August, 2001 and that has transformed the lives of people in

innumerable ways.

The time it takes a people to adapt to new innovations and new technology and the time when

that invention was first introduced is known as cultural lag.

4. Students are expected to use their knowledge gained from the course and the happenings in

Nigeria as a whole since independence in adducing reasons why Nigeria has remained

underdeveloped.

5. Three groups of theories that seek to explain the process of social change in society

include the following:

a. Classical Theory

b. Main Stream Theory

c. Marxist Theory