WEEK 3

EXTINGUISHING
TECHNIQUES
How to use a fire extinguisher
⦿ It is easy to remember how to use a fire
extinguisher if you remember the acronym,
“PASS.”
- Pull
- Aim
- Squeeze
- Sweep
How to use a fire extinguisher
⦿ Pull the pin
⦿ This will allow you
to discharge the
extinguisher.
How to use a fire extinguisher
⦿ Aim at the base of the fire
⦿ Hit the fuel…if you aim at the flames, the
extinguishing agent will pass right through
and do no good.
How to use a fire extinguisher
⦿ Squeeze the top handle
⦿ This depresses a button that releases the
pressurized extinguishing agent.
How to use a fire extinguisher
⦿ Sweep from side-to-side until
the fire is completely out.
⦿ Start using the extinguisher
from a safe distance away and
then slowly move forward.
Once the fire is out, keep an
eye on the area in case it
re-ignites.
WRONG CORRECT
 Building’s Life Cycle
⦿ a) Design Stage
⦿ b) Constructional Stage
⦿ c) Commissioning Stage (immediately, before
and after occupation)
⦿ d) Fire Accidental Stage
⦿ e) Recovery Stage
⦿ f) Cost Effectiveness and Maintenance Stages
⦿ g) Continuation of Mission Stage
⦿ Stages of Fire Building Construction Activities, Actions
Safety Development Process & Requirements
I Design & Approval - Assessment on Fire
Safety,(Regs & Act)
- Costing,
- Performances
- Maintainability
- Reliability
- Safety Plans & Supervision

⦿ II Construction - Health and Safety on Site

(workers and staff, visitors)
- Layout Plan
- Housekeeping and Material
distribution on site
- Security and Monitoring on site

⦿ III Commissioning - Introducing new system if possible

- Introduce Support System
- Occupancies Responsibilities - Checking
and Maintenance

⦿ IV Accidental Coverage - Insurance for Recovery Lifes &

Properties
- Structural Stability
- Performance Assessment
- Notify the Safety and Risk Factors -
Loss Estimation
⦿
V Improvement, - Rechecking the Regs, & Acts, Rebuilding or -
Layout, Boundary etc Maintenance or - Building Structural
Alteration or - Building Materials
Maintenance - Building Services
- Building Environment
Diagram 1.0: Fire Safety and Building Life Cycle
4 WAYS TO EXTINGUISH
A FIRE
⦿ COOLING- reduced
temp.below ignition level,
combustion will stop.
⦿ SMOTHERING- blocked off
source of oxygen, combustion
will cease.
⦿ REMOVAL OF FUEL-
removed the un burn fuel
away, combustion stopped
once the left burning fuel is
consumed.
⦿ BREAKING THE CHAIN
REACTION- introduced
inhibiting agent to break up
the chain reaction,
combustion will cease.
 FIRE GROWTH

■ Factors That Influence the Duration of Growth

Period
A) spacing of the combustible materials in the room,
B) size and location of the ignition sources,
C) size and location of the openings in the room,
D) wind direction and velocity,
E) shape and dimension of the room,
F) amount and size of the combustible materials in
the room.
FIRE GROWTH GRAPH
 Fire Growth
⦿ Factors That Influence the Duration of
Growth Period
⚫ A) spacing of the combustible materials in the
room,
⚫ B) size and location of the ignition sources,
⚫ C) size and location of the openings in the
room,
⚫ D) wind direction and velocity,
⚫ E) shape and dimension of the room,
⚫ F) amount and size of the combustible materials
in the room.
FIRE SAFETY OBJECTIVES
⦿ LIFE SAFETY
⦿ PROPERTY PROTECTION
⦿ CONTINUITY OF MISSION
⦿ ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
⦿ PUBLIC ANXIETY AND LAWS
⦿ COST, MANAGEMENT AND
MAINTENANCE.