iii.

Captions or Column
Headings
iv. Stubs or Row Headings
v. Body of the Table
vi. Unit of Measurement
vii. Source Note
viii. Footnote

Essential guidelines for construction of a good table:

1. Ideal manageable size
2. Approriate size of columns and rows
3. Systematic presentation without overlapping
4. Approximation of large numbers
5. Self-explanatory
6. Facilitates comparison
7. Should have all parts of a table

Tablulation depending upon the number of characteristics

involved: One-way, two-way or thee-way classification
One-way table: These tables are constructed on the basis of only one
characteristic of population. For example, Distribution of students on the
basis of age.
Two-way table: table : These tables are constructed on the basis of two
characteristics of population. For example, Distribution of students on
the basis of age and sex.
Three-way table : These tables are constructed on the basis of three
characteristics of population. For example, Distribution of students on
the basis of age, sex and class.
Merits of Tabular Presentation
1. Simple and Brief Presentation
2. Easy Analysis
3. Facilitates Comparison
4. Economical
5. Highlights Characteristics of Data

42 Class XI - Economics
Demerits of a Tabular presentation:
1. Preparation of tables require proper understanding of
characteristics of data.
2. They are not enable for quicker comprehension of the facts
presentation as diagrams.
Diagrammatic Presentation of Data :-
This method provides the quickest understanding of the actual situation
to be explained by data in comparison to tabular or textual
presentations. Diagrammatic presentation of data translates quite
effectively the highly abstract ideas contained in numbers into more
concrete and easily comprehensible form.
Merits of Diagrammatic Presentation:
• Provides the quickest understanding.
• Translates data into more concrete and easily comprehensible
form.
• Much more effective.
• Attractive and interesting
Demerits of a Diagrammatic presentation:
• Suitable only for comparison
• Misinterpreted easily
• Limited information
• Not suitable for further analysis
Diagrams may be more or less accurate but are much more effective
than tables in presenting the data. There are various kinds of diagrams
in common use. There are two main types of the Diagrammatic
representation.
1. Bar Diagram
2. Pie Diagram
1. Bar diagram: Bar diagram comprises a group of rectangular bars
for each category of data. Height or length of the bar reads the
magnitude of data. Bars of a bar diagram can be visually compared
by their relative height and accordingly data are comprehended
quickly. These are suitable both for frequency type and non-
freqnecy type variable and attributes.

43 Class XI - Economics
By: Mr. Dhruv Pandey