Medical Surgical Nursing –II 9

Unit I

Oncology Nursing

Q.1 What is the Cancer? Define the term Cancer?

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Ans. Cancer is an abnormal growth and Malignant cost by un-control Cell division.

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 It may spread to other parts of the body through Lymphatic system or the blood
stress.
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 The word cancer is derived the Greek word "Crab" . As a Crab move fast in all
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direction similarly the disease Cancer spread in all direction. The word cancer is
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usually abrivated "CA" and usually used for malignant tumour.

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Q.2 What are the common cases of cancer?

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Ans. The following 2 theories are common for the development of cancer.
i. Cellular transformation and derangement
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Immune response failure.

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ii.
CARCINOGENESIS

Endogens Exogenes

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Heredity Age Races Sex & Hormone

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Physical Chemical Biological
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 Heat  Miscellaneous  Virus

 Radiation Group  Bacteria'
 Trauma  Acytlyting  Fungal
Agent  Parasite
 Polycyclic or
hetro cyclic
agent
 Aromatic
 Plant fungal
(Betal Nut)
 Chemical Slide
Copper, Co, Pb

Q.3 What are the sign & symptom of cancer?

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Ans. There are 7 warning sign which are represented as "CAUTION" :-

C Changing in bowel & bladder function.
A A sore that does not heal.
U Usual bleeding & discharge.
T Thickening or lump in breast.
I Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing.
O Obvious changes in mole.
N Nagging cough & Hoursness.

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Q.4 How would you classify the Tumour?

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Ans. Classification of Tumour :
1. GRADING : Identification of the type of tissue from which the tumour
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originated the degree to which the tumour cell retain the functional and
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structural characters of the tissue of the origin.
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 Grading is classified from grade I to grade IV on the basis of

pathological examination of tumour cell.
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 Grade – I Well differentiated.

 Grade – II Moderatorately differentiated.
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 Grade – III & IV Poor differentiated

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2. STAGING: Process determine the size of spread or metastasis of tumour c/a

staging. Staging is done on the basis on TNM classification.
T Extent of primary tumour.
N The term refer's to regional lymph node.
M The term indicates metastasis of tumour.

Q.5 What are the common diagnosis for cancer?

Ans. Common diagnosis for cancer:
 History &physical examination.
 Radiology procedure and X-ray.
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 Angiogram, Lymph angiogram.

 Cytological examination.
 Pap's smear.
 Biopsy
 Excisional Biopsy.
 Incisional Biopsy.
 MRI

Q.6 What are the surgical treatment for cancer?

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Ans. A. Surgical Treatment:

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 Diagnostic surgery.
 Cytologic surgery.
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 Fine – needle aspiration Cytotology surgery (FNAC).
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 Biopsy
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B. Curative surgery : The removal of the primary site of malignant and any
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lymph node.
C. Re-constructive Surgery/Re-habilated Surgery: Repair defect and
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previous Medical Surgical Resection.

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D. Preventive Surgery : Removal and lesions.

E. Paliative Surgery

Q.7 What are the medical management of the cancer?

Ans. Medical Management :
 Radiation therapy
 Chemo therapy

Q.8 What are the nursing management for cancer?

Ans. Nursing management:
A. Provide analgesics drugs to reduce the pain.
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B. Provide comfortable position to the patient from relief the pain and reduce
anxiety.
C. Nutrition therapy should be given to the patient like – tube feeding, I.V. line.
D. Provide explination of disease and all the needs of client.
E. All the information regarding pre-operative, post-operative should be given to
the client to reduce his anxiety and fear related surgery.
F. Emotional support and psychological support should be given to the client and
his family.

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