Important Properties of the Binomial Coefficients In the binomial expansion of(1 + x)". Let us denote the coefficients "Cy, "Cy, "Caress "Crreies "Cy bY Co Cir, Cpu Cy tespectively (i) The coefficients of the terms equidistant from the beginning and the end are equal ‘The (r + 1)th term from the beginning in the ‘expansion of (1+ x)" is "C, x" ‘¢. The coefficient of the (r +1)th term from the beginning is "C, and the (r + 1)th term from the end in the expansion of (1 + x)" =(r +1) th term from the beginning in the expansion of (x +1)" = "C, x*~" 1. The coefficient of the (r + 1)th term from the end is ay Hence, the coefficients of (r + 1)th term from the beginning and the end are equal (ii) The sum of the binomial coefficients in the expansion of (1+2)" 2 (L+x)" = "Cyt "Cy xt "Cy x? + "Cy x? inte “Ca” Putting x =1, we get I= NCy + "Cy + Ca tat "Cy oF Co +l, Cy H+ Cy #2" Sum of binomial coefficients =2" (ji) The sum of the coefficients of the odd terms = The sum of the coefficients of the even terms ss (Lex) = "Co # MC xt MC x + Cy x? Hut Qe Putting x =—1,we get O= Cy = "Cy + C= "Cy + Cy MCs Hn or "Cyt Cy + Cy tae "Cat "Ca tC ut. Since, the sum ofall the coefficients is2", therefore ach side equal to i. 2 Hence, Cy #C, +C5 +..=Cy +02 #Ca + Remark 44 Inthe expansion of(x ~2y + 3)", puting = y #7 =. then we get the sum of coafficents= (12+ 9” = 2”, 2. Inthe expansion of(1+ x +4°Y', putting x = t we get the sum of coefficients = (14 14 0)" =F Trinomial Expansion Forne N(itx+x')" = a,x” ag tax tage? tot Og" teat dnt i) ‘There are (2n +1) terms. The middle coefficient is a, which is also the greatest. Ay =A, 4; = Ay The coefficients of 1 + x +7)" for arranged in a triangle, 1 444 12324 13676 31 (4 6 wea 5 15 15 9045 61 45 90 15 5 1 ile, The rows contains the coefficients for n =0, 1,2, 3, Each entry other than two entries at the ends is the sum of | three entries above it. 15=144+10,30=16 +10 +4, etc Putting Lin Eq, (i), we get dg $a;4; $43 +... yy =3" [sum of al coefficients} ...(i) Ai) ay ta; tay tt {sum of coefficients of even powers of x] On subtracting Eq, (i) from Eq, (), we get ay $05 $05 t..4Oyg-y @t z [sum of coefficients of odd powers of x] Putting x = i(y=1) in Eq. (i), we get 5 40, 140; f tay 2 tay Fay tat dag > (aya; 4ay-...) i(ay-ay tay (ecerray=)ekeiHarter.) = (corZ +n) coo 22) +100( 22) aaa 2 2 (On comparing real nd imaginary pst, we get scacnn mf