Unit -4

Example (2)
Find the equation of the tangent plane and normal to the
surface z=xy at the point (2,3,6)
Solution:
Equation of the surface is F(x,y,z)=z-xy=0
∂F/∂x=-y=-3 at(2,3,6)
∂F/∂y=-x=-2 at(2,3,6)
∂F/∂z=1 at (2,3,6)
Equation of the tangent plane is
(x-2)(-3)+(y-3)(-2)+(z-6)(1)=0
-3x+6-2y+6+z-6=0
-3x-2y+z-6=0
3x+2y-z=6
Equation of the normal
x-2/-3=y-3/-2=z-6/1
Example (3)
Find the equation of the tangent plane to the surface
2xz²-3x²y-4x=7 at the point (1,-1,2)
Solution:
Equation of the surface is
F(x,y,z)=2xz²-3x²y-4x-7=0
∂F/∂x=2z2-6xy-4=8+6-4=10at(1,-1,2)
∂F/∂y=-3x2=-3(1)=-3 at (1,-1,2)
∂F/∂z=4xz=8
Equation of the tangent plane is
(x-1)(10)+(y+1)(-3)+(z-2)(8)=0
10x-10-3y-3+8z-16=0
10x-3y+8z=29
Example (4)
Find the equation of the tangent plane to the surface
xyz=4 at (1,2,2)
Solution:
Equation of the surface is
F(x,y,z)=xyz-4=0
∂F/∂x=yz=4 at(1,2,2)
∂F/∂y=xz=2 at(1,2,2)
∂F/∂z=xy=2 at(1,2,2)
Equation of the tangent plane is
(x-1)4+(y-2)2+(z-2)2=0
4x-4+2y-4+2z-4=0
2x+y+z-6=0
2x+y+z=6
Family of surfaces:
An equation of the form F(x,y,z,a)=0
Where a is a constant represents a family of surfaces.
If a can take all real values
If a is a parameter then the equation represents one-
parameter family of surfaces having a as parameter.
By assigning different values to a,we get different
surfaces of the family of surfaces.
Note:
The equation of the form F(x,y,z,a,b)=0where a and b are
parameters represents the family of surfaces having a
and b as parameters
Characteristic curve of family of surfaces:
The curve of intersection of two surfaces of the family of
surfaces with parameters a and a+δa is given by the
equation
F(x,y,z,a)=0
F(x,y,z,a+δa)=0
Or by the equations
F(x,y,z,a)=0;
(F(x,y,z,a+δa)-F(x,y,z,a))/δa=0
The limiting position of the curve as δa->0
Becomes
F(x,y,z,a)=0
∂F/∂a=0
The limiting position is called the characteristic of the
family of surfaces F(x,y,z,a )=0