Exercise 3:

Load 2,8 ton

𝑑𝑝 = 50𝑚𝑚 ; 𝑑𝑟 = 32𝑚𝑚
𝑄 = 8 𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑝 = 180 𝑏𝑎𝑟

Exercise 3: A cylinder having a bore of 50 mm with a rod diameter of 32 mm is used to

lift a vertical load of 2,8 tonnes. The circuit used is shown in Figure 2. The quantity
delivered by the pump is 8 l/min, the relief valve is set at 180 bar and the cylinder
extend meter-out flow-control valve is set at 4 l/min. Calculate:
a. The extend speed.
b. The pressure reading at gauge P1 when the cylinder is extending at a steady speed.
c. The pressure registered on gauge P1 if the cylinder is extended under no load
conditions, i.e. load moved.
d. The setting of the retract flow control valve in l/min if the retract speed is the same as
the extend speed.
SOLUTION
a. Full bore area:

Annulus area:

The extend speed:

b. When the cylinder extending at a steady speed

According to Newton’s Second of Law, we have,

The pressure reading at gauge P1

c. When the cylinder extender under no load conditions, the pressure registered on
gauge P1,
d. If the retract speed is the same as the extend speed, the setting of the retract flow
control value,

Exercise 4: In an open-loop hydrostatic transmission the motor displacement is 0,5

liter/rev and it is to run at 65 rev/min. The pump supplying fluid to the motor is driven
at 1440 rev/min. If the torque and overall efficiencies of both the pump and motor are
95% and 85 respectively. Determine:
a. A suitable pump displacement.
b. The pressure at the motor if the torque required at the motor is 1000 Nm.
c. The input power to the pump if the pressure drop in the pipework etc. between the
pump and motor is 7 bar.
SOLUTION:
a.
Lưu lượng chảy trong mạch:

Lưu lượng riêng của bơm

b.
The Actual output torque developed by the motor is:

Thus pressure difference across the motor,

c. Sụt áp trong mạch là 7 bar nên áp suất của bơm:

Actual output power is

Exercise 6: A pneumatic cylinder is required to move 300 kg packs of paper 700 mm

up a 50o incline. The coefficient of friction is 0.15. It is to be assumed that the
acceleration of the load will occur within the cushioned length (30 mm) and that the
load will attain a velocity of 0.6 m/s. The maximum pressure available at the piston is 5
bar gauge, determine:
a. The actuator size required.
b. The air consumption if the cylinder operates at 16 cycles/min.

SOLUTION:
Determine the total force opposing motion.

Gradient force:
Frictional force:
Acceleration force:
From the equation of motion:
If we accelerates from rest:
So

Internal friction
Total resistance:
Piston diameter:

The nearest standard cylinder that would satisfy this application would be 125 mm
diameter (see Table 4.2).
To ascertain the quantity flow requirements it is necessary to determine the
displacement of the cylinder and the number of cycles per minute.
1. Cylinder (extend)

2. Cylinder (extend)

3. Cylinder (extend and retract)

Where – quantity of air to extend the cylinder per minute (m3/min)

– quantity of air to retract the cylinder per minute (m3/min)
– quantity of air to extend and retract the cylinder per minute (m3/min)
D – diameter of full bore side (m)
d – diameter of piston rod (m)
L – length of stroke (m)
n – number of cycles per minute
p1 – supply pressure (bar)
po – atmospheric pressure (bar)
(m3/min)
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