POWER PLANT AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT DESIGN

PRE-BOARD/REFRESHER

Multiple Choice: Choose the nearest answer.

1. An indicator card taken off one cylinder of a six-cylinder, two-stroke, single acting engine, has an area of
2850 mm2 and length of 75 mm when running at 1.75 rev/s. One mm height on the card represents 0.2
bar. If the cylinder bore is 550 mm and stroke 850 mm, calculate the indicated power of the engine
assuming equal powers are developed in all cylinders.

2. A vessel of volume 0.65 m3 contains air at 27.6 bar and 18oC. Calculate the final pressure after 3.5 kg of air
is added if the final temperature is 20.5oC

3. The mass analysis of a fuel is 87% carbon, 11% hydrogen, and 2% Oxygen. Calculate the volume of air in
m3 at 1.0 bar and 25oC required for perfect combustion per kg of fuel.

4. Gas at pressure 0.95 bar, volume 0.2 m3 and temperature 17 oC is compressed until the pressure is 2.75
bar and volume 0.085 m3, calculate the compression index.

5. A liquid of density 0.8 g/ml, specific heat 2.5 kJ/kg-K, and temperature 27oC, is mixed with another liquid
of density 0.82 g/ml, specific heat 1.9 kJ/kg-K and temperature 55oC, in the ratio of one of the first liquid
to three of the second by volume. Find the resulting temperature.
6. A glass tube of uniform bore is closed at one end and open at the other, it contains air imprisoned by a
column of mercury 40 mm long. When the tube is held vertically with the closed end at the bottom, the
length of the air column is 217.8 mm, and when held vertically with the closed end at the top the length
of the air column is 242 mm. Calculate the atmospheric pressure and express it in bar.

7. In a single stage air compressor the diameter of the cylinder is 250 mm, the stroke of the piston is 350
mm, and the clearance volume is 900 cm3. Air is drawn in at a pressure of 0.986 bar and delivered at 4.1
bar. Taking the law of compression to be PV1.25 = c, calculate the distance travelled by the piston from the
beginning of its compression stroke when the delivery valves
open.

8. A compressor cylinder is 80 mm diameter and the stroke of the piston is 160 mm. The pressure at the
beginning and end of compression are 1 bar and 5 bar respectively and the delivery valves open when the
piston is 120 mm from the beginning of compression. If the law of compression is PV1.3 = C, find the
clearance volume in cm3.

9. The stroke of a compressor piston is 380 mm and the clearance volume is equal to 7% of the stroke
volume. The pressure of the air at the beginning of the compression stroke is 0.99 bar. The delivery valves
open when the piston has travelled 260 mm from the beginning of the compression stroke and the
pressure of the air is then 4 bar. If compression follows the law PV n = C, find the value of n.

10. A motor driven three-stage single acting tandem air compressor runs at 170 rev/min. The high pressure
and low pressure cylinder diameters are 75 mm and 350 mm diameter respectively, and the stroke is 300
mm. Find the time to pump up air reservoirs of 22 m 3 total capacity from 19 bar gauge to 30 bar gauge,
taking the volumetric efficiency as 92% and atmospheric pressure as 1.01 bar.
11. To ascertain the temperature of flue gases, 1.8 kg of copper of specific heat 0.395 kJ/kg-K was suspended
in the flue until it attained the temperature of the gases, and then dropped into 2.27 kg of water at 20 oC.
If the resultant temperature of the copper and water was 37.2 oC, find the temperature of the flue gases.

12. In an experiment to find the specific heat of iron, 2.15 kg of iron cuttings at 100 oC are dropped into a
vessel containing 2.3 L of water at 17oC and the resultant temperature of the mixture is 24.4 oC. If the
water equivalent of the vessel is 0.18 kg, determine the specific heat of the iron in kJ/kg-K.

13. With three different quantities, A,B, and C of the same kind of liquid of temperatures 9, 21, and 38 oC
respectively, it is found that when A and B are mixed together the resultant temperature is 17 oC, and
when B and C are mixed together the resultant temperature is 28oC. Find the resultant temperature in oC
if A and C were mixed.

14. A boiler fuel contains 86.1% carbon, 12.5% hydrogen, 0.4% oxygen and 1% sulphur. 40% excess air is
supplied to the furnace and the fuel rate is 400 kg/hr. Calculate the mass of air supplied per hour.

15. From problem no. 14 determine the quantity of heat energy transferred to the air per hour if it enters the
air heater at 18oC and leaves at 130oC. Take cp of air to be 1.005 kJ/kg-K.

16. A 2 ½ in fire hose discharges water through a nozzle having a jet diameter of 1 in. The head lost in the
nozzle is 4% of the velocity head in the jet. If the gage pressure at the base of the nozzle is 60 psi. Find the
flow in gpm.
17. Same with problem no. 16 Determine the maximum horizontal range to which the stream can be thrown
in ft.

18. In a centrifugal pump test, the discharge gage reads 100 psig, and the suction gage reads 5 psig. The gage
centers are at the same level. The diameter of the suction pipe is 3 in., and the diameter of the discharge
pipe is 2 in. Suction and discharge are at the same level. Oil (SG = 0.85) is being pumped at the rate of 100
gal per minute. Assuming no loss in energy, what is the power delivered to the pump?

19. Brine (S.G. = 1.2) flows through a pump at 2000 gal per minute. The pump inlet is 12 in. in diameter. At
the inlet the vacuum is 6 in. of mercury. The pump outlet, 8 in. in diameter, is 4 ft above the inlet. The
outlet pressure is 20 psig. What power does the pump add to the fluid?

20. At a certain section in a pipe, water flows at a pressure of 80 psi and with a linear velocity of 9 fps. What is
the total flow-work for 1.5 ft3 that passes this section?

21. A jet of water leaving a nozzle is directed vertically upward. The jet leaves the nozzle with a speed of 30
fps. Neglect thermal and friction effects. How far above the nozzle will the water travel?

22. A fuel gas has the following volumetric analysis:

CH4 = 68% C2H6 = 32%
Assume complete combustion with 15% excess air at 101.325 kPa, 21 oC wet bulb and 27oC dry bulb. What
is the partial pressure of the water vapor in kPa?
23. A diesel power plant consumed 1 m3 of fuel with 30oAPI at 27oC in 24 hrs. Calculate the fuel rate in kg/hr.

24. An air standard Carnot Cycle has 1 bar, 330 K, as lowest pressure and temperature condition. When 1250
kJ of heat is added per kg of air, the maximum temperature reached is 2500 K. Find the cycle efficiency.

25. A 5 lbm of air at 150 psia, 3000oR, is isothermally expanded to 15 psia. The air is then cooled at constant
pressure to the point at which subsequent adiabatic compression restores the air to its initial state.
Calculate the thermodynamic efficiency.

26. An Otto cycle operates from inlet conditions of 15 psia, 50 oF, with a compression ratio of 7.0. The
combustion process releases 1000 Btu of heat per pound mass of air. Assuming ideal gas calculate the
thermal efficiency.

27. A cylindrical pipe with water flowing downward at 0.02 m 3/s having top diameter of 0.08, bottom
diameter of 0.04 m and height of 1.5 m. Find the pressure between the pipe.
28. Calculate the mechanical efficiency of the pump under the following conditions:
Motor input…………….. 21.10 kW
Motor Efficiency………..98%
Suction pressure………… 127 mm Hg
Suction diameter………… 254 mm
Discharge pressure……….175 kPa
Discharge diameter……….152.5 mm
Volume flow of water ……21oC
Discharge gauge is 2.13 m above the suction gauge.

29. A small factory wishes to install a pump to lift 100 gpm of water at 20 oC from a sources 3 m below pump
centerline to a tank 10 m above pump centerline. The tank whose shape is cylindrical measures 3 m in
diameter and 6 m high. Suction pressure gage records a pressure of 508 mm Hg vacuum while the
discharge pressure gage indicates 280 kPa gage. Diameters of suction and discharge pipes are 13 cm and
11 cm, respectively. Determine the time required to fill the tank full in hours.

30. From problem no. 31. Determine the tank pressure if the water is half full in kPa gage.

31. From problem no. 31. Determine the water power.

32. A pump has a capacity of discharging 200 gpm of water. The set up uses a suction line of 76.22 mm in
diameter pipe and discharge line of 50.82 mm diameter pipe. A pipe pressure of 255 mm Hg vacuum and
275 kPa are determined by a suction gage 0.3 m above the pump centerline and discharge gage 0.6 m
above pump centerline. Determine the standard rating of the motor if the pump efficiency is 70%.
33. A 300 m long, 200 mm diameter pipe connected two reservoirs, the upstream reservoir is located 200 m
higher than the downstream reservoir. Pump capacity is 0.05 m3/sec. Coefficient of friction is 0.017.
Determine the power required to deliver the flow if the pump efficiency is 80%.

34. A centrifugal pump delivers 90 m3/hr of sea water ( S.G. = 1.03 ) from source where water varies 2 m from
low tide to high tide. The pump centerline is 2.6 m above the water surface at the high tide. The pump
delivers water into a tank 3 m above pump centerline. Loss of head due to friction in suction is 0.8 m and
in discharge is 3 m. Determine the brakepower delivered if the pump efficiency is 75%.

35. A pump draws water from a 205 mm suction pipe and discharges through a 152 mm in which the velocity
is 3.66 m/s. The pressure is -34 kPa at “A” in the suction pipe. The 152 mm pipe discharges horizontally
into air at “C”. At what height above “B” can the water be raised if “B” is 1.83m above “A” and 20 hp is
delivered to the pump. Assume that the pump operates at 70% and the frictional losses between “A” to
“C” is 3 m.

36. The mep of an ideal Diesel Cycle is 758.4 kPa. If p1 = 93.08 kPaa, rk = 12.5 and the over-all value of k = 1.34
find rc.

37. At the pressure at the beginning of compression in an ideal dual combustion cycle, the working fluid is 1 lb
of air at 14.1 psia and 80oF. The compression ratio is 9, the pressure at the end of the constant volume
addition of heat is 470 psia, and there are added 100 Btu during the constant pressure expansion. Find the
thermal efficiency.
38. From problem no. 39. Determine the mean effective pressure.

39. Two cycle diesel engine driving generator in a power plant operated with an average indicated thermal
efficiency of 42.6%, fuel has a heating value of 19,000 Btu of heat supplied to the engine, 12.6% is used to
scavenging pumps, compressors and friction; 16.6% is absorbed by cooling water. Generator efficiency is
92% and 35% of the generator output is required for the plant auxiliaries such as circulating oil pumps,
lighting etc. Find the brake thermal efficiency.

40. From problem no. 41. Find the combined thermal efficiency

41. From problem no. 41 what is the pounds of oil that must be supplied to the engine per kw-hr delivered by
the plant.

42. A certain power plant consisting of diesel engine generator consumes 19.66 metric tons of diesel fuel oil
per 24 hrs. When all engines are operating full load, the oil has a heating value 19,500 Btu/lb and a
specific gravity of 0.868, How much space in cubic feet occupied by the oil is needed by the plant to run
continuously at full engine load for 30 days without refueling.

43. From Problem no. 44, If the plant is to run continuously at ¾ engine loads, how many operating hours will
the oil in the previous question last, when the average consumption of diesel engine at ¾ load is 0.374
lb/bhp-hr and at full load 0.3652 lb/bhp-hr.
44. Find the total air horsepower of an industrial fan that delivers 20,000 Cfm of air through a 3 ft x 4 ft
outlets, static pressure is 3 inches water; air temperature is 70 oF and barometric pressure is 29.92” Hg.

45. A blower operating at 15,000 rpm compresses air from 68 oF and 14.7 psia to 10 psig. The design flow is
1350 CFM and at this point, Bhp is 80 hp. Determine the blower efficiency at the design point; k = 1.395.

46. A coal fired steam boiler uses 3000 kg of coal per hr. Air required for combustion is 15.5 kg per kg of coal
at barometric pressure of 98.2 kPa. The flue gas has a temperature of 285 oC and an average molecular
weight of 30. Assuming an ash loss of 11% and allowable gas velocity of 7.5 m/s, find the diameter of the
chimney.

47. A steam generator burns fuel oil with 20% excess air. The fuel oil may be represented by C 14H30. The fuel
gas leave the preheater at 0.31 MPa. Determine the partial pressure of H 2O.

48. A power plant is said to have had a use factor of 48.5% and a capacity factor of 42.4%. How many hours
did it operate during the year?
 49. A distribution transformer supplies a group of general power customers having a connected load of 186
kW. If energy sells at 3.5 cents per kw-hr, what will be the monthly income from energy delivered through
this transformer having an average motor efficiency of 75%
General Data:
Demand Factor - 0.75
Diversity Factor – 1.5
Load Factor - 0.45

Encircle the letter of your choice:

50. Two objects having different masses fall freely under the influence of gravity from rest and the same
initial elevation. Ignoring the effect of air resistance, what are the magnitude of the velocities of the
objects the moment just before they strike the earth?

a. Equal velocity c. the heavier approaches first

b. Unequal velocity d. None of the above
51. In dealing with properties of pure substance such as steam, frequently use chart to identify its properties
is by using h-s diagram commonly called Mollier diagram. But, inspection shows a disadvantage of this
diagram is that it cannot be used for steam with a quality of _____.

a. 50% or less c. 30% or less

b. 40% or less d. 60% or less
52. Heat rate is the amount of energy added by heat transfer to the cycle to produce a unit net work output.
Accordingly, the heat rate, which is inversely proportional to the thermal efficiency, has a unit of_____.

a. KW/hr c. kJ/kW-hr
b. Btu/kw-hr d. unitless because it is ratio
53. In a well designed turbine, typical kinetic energy leaving the outlet range with ______.

a. 200 m/s c. 500 m/s

b. 100 m/s d. 300 m/s
54. In a gas power plant, if heat were added to the fluid before it reached the turbine inlet, raising its
temperature, then an increase in the power output could be achieved. Unfortunately, turbine blades have
metallurgical thermal limit. Hence, inlet temperature for industrial turbine ranges from _______.

a. 1300 k – 1700 k c. 800 k – 1200 k

b. 1000 k – 1200 k d. 1100 k – 1300 k
55. Situation 1 : if the boiler pressure of a simple Rankine cycle is converted to a higher pressure. What will be
your observation? The heat added to the boiler will _____.
a. Decrease c. same heat added
b. Increase d. none of the above
56. In the situation above, the work will _____.
a. Decrease c. same heat added
b. Increase d. none of the above
57. Situation II: If the condenser pressure of a simple Rankine cycle is concerted to a vacuum pressure. The
heat added will _____.
a. Decrease c. same heat added
b. Increase d. none of the above
58. In the situation above, the heat rejected will_____.

a. Decrease c. same heat added

b. Increase d. none of the above
59. In the situation above, the heat added will______.

a. Decrease c. same heat added

b. Increase d. none of the above
60. Situation III: If the simple Rankine cycle used in steam plant is converted with a reheat process. What is
the main purpose of this process?

a. Reduce the moisture exiting the turbine

b. Decrease the heat rejected in the condenser
c. Decrease the heat added in the condenser
d. Increase the network of the plant.
61. In the situation above, the heat added will_____.
a. Decrease c. same heat added
b. Increase d. none of the above
62. Situation IV: If the simple Rankine cycle used in steam plant is converted with regeneration process. The
heat added will ____.

a. Decrease c. same heat added

b. Increase d. None of the above
63. In the situation above, the heat rejected will ______.

a. Decrease c. same heat added

b. Increase d. none of the above
64. In a steam power plant, what do you call the device to lower the temperature of the steam entering the
turbine?

a. Attemperator c. cooler
b. Pre-condenser d. cooling tower
65. In a super-position set-up of steam power plant, what do you call the set-up where it serves as the source
of energy of another plant with a working substance that has lower boiling point?

a. Cogeneration c. bottoming
b. Topping d. combined
66. The pressure of ammonia was detected in a brine solution How can ammonia be removed?

a. Freeze the brine solution c. Heat the brine to a high temperature

b. Throw the brine solution d. lower the temperature of the brine

67. A fluid with a kinematic viscosity of 2.5 x 10-5 ft2/s is flowing at 0.1 ft/s from an orifice 3” in diameter?

a. The fluid is completely turbulent

b. The fluid is in transition zone
c. The fluid is laminar
d. Turbulence can not be calculated. It must be measured.

68. Senate bill number which spearheaded the amendment of ME laws.

a. 1973
b. 1793
c. 1379
d. 1739

69. Article II of the new ME law is about the Board of Mechanical Engineering. How many sections does this
article have?
a. 5 b. 6 c. 7 d. 8
70. The code of ethics for Mechanical Engineers states rule governing different relations of a Mechanical
Engineer. How many relations are there?
a. 4 b. 5 c. 6 d. 7
71. Mechanical Engineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties, shall hold paramount the safety,
health, and welfare of the public in the performance of their,
a. Professional work
b. Professional duties
c. Professional obligations
d. Professional competence
72. House Bill number which spearheaded the amendment of ME laws.
a. 9608 b. 9860 c. 9068 d. 9806
73. A boiler with its fan or blower located in the uptake is operating on,
a. Induced draft
b. Forced draft
c. Natural draft
d. None of these

74. For supersonic and subsonic divergent nozzle; what is the Mach number for supersonic:
a. greater than 1 c. 1
b. less than 1 d. 0
75. In replacement studies, the existing process on piece equipment is known as the:
a. retired equipment c. waste material
b. defender d. challenger

76. A fluid flowing in a reversible adiabatic deceleration to zero velocity will reach a state of:
a. isentropic expansion c. isentropic compression
b. isentropic stagnation d. adiabatic irreversibility

77. The helpful consequence of nitrogen, one of the composition of air, it prevents rapid combustion. This
combustion process, nitrogen and the element of fuel will:
a. does not react c. mix spontaneously
b. slowly mix d. react

78. What part of the unloader that maintains the pressure

a. suction valve c. discharge valve
b. manifold d. exhaust pipe

79. What is the minimum piping size of bottom blow down line?
a. ½ in c. 2 ½ in
b. 3/8 in d. 1 in

80. Vapor passing through the compressor is superheated by heat:

a. from the condenser c. due to compression
b. from the evaporator d. by the lubrication

81. If A is the cross section of the flow an Pw is the wetted perimeter, then the hydraulic head, Hd is equal to
a. Pw/A c. A/Pw
b. Pw x A d. Pw – A

82. In a Francis turbine, Power is controlled by actuating the movable wicket gates and the runner vanes are
not. What load obtained a high efficiency?
a. at half load c. any load
b. at full load d. all of these
83. Refrigerants that are commonly used have almost the same hp requirements and coefficient of
performance except carbon dioxides, because of carbon dioxides:
a. very low critical point c. very high critical point
b. very low hp requirement d. high toxicity

84. If D is the height between elevation in feet, Q is the volume of fluid in gallons and m is the weight of fluid
in lb per gallon. What is the energy E required to raised the given volume from a lower to a higher
elevation?
a. Q/mD c. QmD
b. D/Qm d. mQ/D

85. In a compression-ignition engine what is being compressed is:

a. Fuel c. combustible material
b. Air d. fuel and air
86. Peak load for a period of time divided by installed capacity is:
a. capacity factor c. utilization factor
b. demand factor d. load factor
87. What is the characteristics of a wave that is responsible for what we interpret as pitch?
a. Amplitude C. Height
b. Shape d. Frequency
88. Which one can’t travel in vacuum?
a. Radio waves c. Sound wave
b. Light wave d. Short wave
89. Sound interference is necessary to produce this phenomenon. Which one?
a. Decibels c. Resonance
b. Reverberation d. Beats
90. What is a luminous object?
a. An object that gives off a dim blue green light in the dark
b. An object that produces light of its own by any method
c. An object that shines by reflected light only
d. An object that glows only in the absence of light
91. In the well known equation: Release energy = mc2, what is c?
a. Capacitance c. Plank’s constant
b. Velocity of light d. Relativity constant
92. The sky appears to be blue when the sun is high in the sky. Why?
a. Red light is scattered more than blue
b. Blue light is scattered more than the other colors
c. The color of the sky is really blue
d. Blue is the color of air, water and the other fluids in large quantities
93. The difference the light emitted from a candle, from an incandescent lamp and from the sun is basically
from the differences of this characteristic? Which one?
a. Energy sources c. Materials
b. Phases of matter d. Temperature
94. When will atoms emit photon?
a. If one of its electron collides with another of its electrons
b. If one of its electrons is removed from its atom
c. If one of its electrons shift to a quantum state of lower energy
d. If one of its electrons shift to a quantum state of higher energy

95. Which is incorrect statement

Apparent shear forces
a. Can never be found in frictionless fluid regradless of its motion
b. Can never be found when the fluid is at rest
c. Depend upon cohesive forces
d. May occur owing to cohesion when the fluid is at rest

96. Density in terms of viscosity is

a. Kinematic viscosity / Dynamic viscosity
b. Dynamic viscosity / Kinematic viscosity
c. Kinematic viscosity x dynamic viscosity
d. None of the above

97. The Reynolds number of pipe flow is given as follows:

a. 2 vd / v
b. VDµ / δ
c. VDρ / µ
d. VDs / µ
e. None of the above

98. SI unit of viscosity is

a. 10 times poise
b. 9.81 times poise
c. 1 / 9.81 times poise
d. 1 /10 times poise

99. Alcohol finds use in manometer as

a. It provides a suitable meniscus for the inclined tube
b. Its density being less can provide longer length for a pressure difference, thus more accuracy can be
obtained
c. A and B above are correct
d. Cheap and easily available

100.Which of the following is not a dimensionless parameter

a. Pressure coefficient
b. Weber number
c. Darcy weisbach friction factor
d. Kinetic viscosity