Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) is a structural engineering design methodology used to ensure

the safety and reliability of structures. It is also known as Limit State Design (LSD).

LRFD is based on the principle that the design of a structure should be based on the actual loads it will
be subjected to, and the capacity of the material being used. The LRFD method scales down the strength
(resistance) of various materials by some factors while the applied loads are scaled up by some factors.

LRFD is an alternative to the traditional Allowable Stress Design (ASD) approach. LRFD is widely adopted
in many countries, including the United States.

LRFD is convertible to ASD using the formula ASD = 0.6x LRFD. This means that ASD wind loads are only
60% of LRFD.

The main difference between Working Stress Design (WSD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design
(LRFD) is that WSD uses a single safety factor for all load types, while LRFD uses a set of partial safety
factors for different load components.

WSD is a method for designing structural members by considering the allowable strength of steel and
concrete. It's based on the strength concept of concrete and linear theory.

LRFD is a method for proportioning structural elements by reducing their resistance. It uses statistics of
the resistance and load variable to account for uncertainty.