Projects & Technology

Shell Companies in Nigeria Design Office (SCiN-DO)

Specification for Painting

Project Gbaran Single Well Opportunities
Originating Company Shell Companies in Nigeria Design Office (SCiN-DO)
Document Title Specification for Painting

Document Number SWO-SCiNDO-GEN-RA7754-00001

Document Revision R03
Document Status Reissued for review
Originator / Author J-T. O. Nwosu
Security Classification Restricted
ECCN EAR 99
Issue Date 19 June 2019
Revision History is shown next page

Rev # Date of Issue Status Description Originator Checker Approver

R03 19 June 2019 Reissued for review J-T. O. Nwosu O. K. Ibanichuka O. K. Ibanichuka

Page 1 of 34
Restricted
ECCN: EAR 99 Deminimus
This document is made available subject to the condition that the recipient will neither use nor disclose the contents except as agreed in
writing with the copyright owner. Copyright is vested in Shell International Petroleum Co. Ltd.© All rights reserved.
Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means (electronic,
mechanical, reprographic, recording or otherwise) without the prior written consent of the copyright owner.
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ADDITIONAL AGREEMENT/APPROVAL RECORD

Party Ref Indicator Name Sign Date

Guidelines:
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2. Fonts must not be altered from the standard styles.
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6. Maps to follow Shell mapping standards.
7. Figures & tables to be incorporated in the text, with attachments if a larger figure will benefit
(reference attachment in caption). Captions below figure using the Insert Caption command.
8. Units are Oil Field Metric. If Oil field standard units are used (e.g. ft and psi, then the metric
translation must be put straight afterwards e.g. 1000ft [305m])
9. Use m3 rather than bbl/ft3

Revision Philosophy:
a. All FEED documents for review shall be issued at R01, with subsequent R02, R03, etc as required.
b. All documents approved for issue or approved for design shall be issued at A01with subsequent A02,
A03, etc as required. (Management of Change is required for A02, A03, etc).
c. All Detailed Design documents for review shall be issued at D01, with subsequent D02, D03, etc as
required.
d. All documents approved for construction shall be issued at C01with subsequent C02, C03, etc as
required. (Management of Change is required for C02, C03, etc).
e. All approved “As Built” documents shall be issued at Z01, with subsequent Z02, Z03, etc as required.
(Management of Change is required for Z02, Z03, etc.).

Revision History
Rev No Date of issue Reason for Issue / Change
R01 30/4/2019 Issued for review
R02 5/21/2019 Reissued for review

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The information contained on this page is subject to the disclosure on the front page of this document.
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CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

1.1. PROJECT OVERVIEW................................................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

2. SCOPE .................................................................................................................................................................. 8
3. REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................................... 9

4. ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS .................................................................................................................... 10

4.1.1. Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................................. 10

4.1.2. Definitions................................................................................................................................................... 10
4.1.3. Specific definitions ...................................................................................................................................... 11

5. PAINTING CONTRACTOR RESPONSIBILITY .......................................................................................................... 12

6. SPECIFICATION OF PAINTING SYSTEM ................................................................................................................ 14

6.1. PAINTING SYSTEMS............................................................................................................................................... 14

6.2. PAINT MATERIAL AND PAINTING CONTRACTOR .......................................................................................................... 14
6.3. PERFORMANCE ASSURANCE ................................................................................................................................... 15
6.4. PERSONNEL ......................................................................................................................................................... 16
6.5. BLASTING AND SPRAYING EQUIPMENT...................................................................................................................... 17

7. SURFACE PREPARATION ..................................................................................................................................... 18

7.1. SURFACE GRINDING .............................................................................................................................................. 18

7.2. SURFACE CLEANING (DESCALING AND DEGREASING) ................................................................................................... 18
7.3. SURFACE CLEANING BY BLAST CLEANING................................................................................................................... 19
7.4. ALTERNATIVE SURFACE CLEANING METHOD .............................................................................................................. 20
7.5. ABRASIVES .......................................................................................................................................................... 21
7.6. SURFACE ROUGHNESS PROFILE ............................................................................................................................... 21

8. PAINT APPLICATION ........................................................................................................................................... 23

8.1. MIXING AND THINNING OF COATING MATERIALS ....................................................................................................... 25

8.2. COMPATIBILITY WITH EXISTING COATING SYSTEMS ..................................................................................................... 25
8.3. TOP COATING ...................................................................................................................................................... 26
8.4. SPRAY APPLICATION.............................................................................................................................................. 26
8.5. BRUSH APPLICATION ............................................................................................................................................. 26
8.6. STRIPE COAT ....................................................................................................................................................... 27
8.7. PROTECTION OF COATED SURFACES ......................................................................................................................... 27
8.8. GENERAL FACILITY COLOUR .................................................................................................................................... 27
8.9. SERVICE IDENTIFICATION COLOUR BANDING .............................................................................................................. 27

9. INSPECTION AND TESTING ................................................................................................................................. 29

9.1. WET FILM THICKNESS, WFT .................................................................................................................................. 29

9.2. DRY FILM THICKNESS, DFT .................................................................................................................................... 29
9.3. HOLIDAY TESTING................................................................................................................................................. 30

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9.4. AGEING .............................................................................................................................................................. 31

9.5. ADHESION .......................................................................................................................................................... 31
9.6. INSPECTION RECORDS AND REPORTS ........................................................................................................................ 31
9.7. TEST REQUIREMENTS AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA ........................................................................................................ 32
10. REPAIR OF COATING DEFECTS ............................................................................................................................ 33

10.1. INADEQUATE COATING THICKNESS........................................................................................................................... 33

11. APPENDIX A: TAMAP APPROVED CURRENT PAINT MANUFACTURERS ............................................................... 34

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1. Project Overview
1.1. Location of the project
The Gbaran field was discovered in 1967 by Gbaran-001 and is located in OML 28 about 110 km west
of Port Harcourt and 13 km North-West of Yenagoa.

1.2. Background
The Gbaran-026 Hook-up and F1B/F22B Development opportunity is part of SPDC‟s Single Wells
opportunities portfolio for quick win delivery of gas to fill the gap in Shell JV export gas value stream
(NLNG T1-T6) from 2020 at competitive CAPEX. The opportunity entails developing ca. 284.9Bscf of
gas and 11.7MMstb of condensate from the Gbaran F1000B and F2200B reservoirs and understanding
the deliverability of the High Pressure play in Nigeria. The Gbaran-26 well, drilled in 2015, is part of
SPDC‟s campaign to develop High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT) reservoirs around the Gbaran
Area in a bid to increase its hydrocarbon resource volumes. The drilling of Gbaran-026 confirmed the
presence of hydrocarbon in the F2200B reservoir and was also used to appraise the already proven
F1000B reservoir. It is proposed to drill a second NAG well (Gbaran-F1F22) from the Gbaran
23/25/26 well cluster to carry out a 6-month Extended Well Test (EWT) of the F2200B reservoir
through the Gbaran CPF. Data gathered during the EWT will be used to develop and secure approval
for the F2200B RDP. Subsequently, the F2200B reservoir will be fully developed by producing through
the Gbaran CPF. Once F2200B is depleted, the Gbaran-F1F22 well will be re-completed to target the
crestal volumes on F1000B.

The Gbaran-026 Hook-up and F1B/F22B Gas Development opportunity involves the following:

 Drilling of GBAR-F1F22 NAG well from the GBAR-23/25well cluster and initial completion
on F2200B to develop 49Bscf of gas and 1.6MMstb of condensate. When F2200 is depleted, the
well will be re-completed on the shallower F1000B reservoir to develop 160 Bscf of gas and
5MMstb of condensate.
 Completion of GBAR-026 on the F1000B reservoir to develop 79.5Bscf of gas and 2.7MMstb of
condensate.

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 Laying of 10” x 5km bulkline from the Gbaran well cluster to Gbaran CPF and tie-in of the 2
wells (GBAR-26 and GBAR-F1F22) to the bulkline via standardized HPHT well hook-up
system for production through the CPF.
The well and reservoir pressures for F1000B and F2200B are circa 11,000psi and 13,000psi, respectively.
These pressures are higher than those previously experienced in SPDC.

The project value drivers are:

I. Increase gas wells capacity to guarantee Supply Commitment

II. Grow Reserves
III. Reduce life cycle cost (CAPEX/OPEX)
IV. Schedule

Figure 1: Gbaran-026 Hook-up and F1000B_F2200B Gas Development Process Schematic

o Project Scope Overview

The GBAR-26 is located at the existing GBAR-23/25 wells cluster. The GBAR-F1F22 well will
also be drilled from this cluster. The project scope involves the following:

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 Complete the GBAR-26 well (located at GBAR-23/25/26 well cluster) on the F2200
reservoir.
 Drill the GBAR-F1F22 well from the GBAR-23/25/26 well cluster and complete the
well initially on the F2200 reservoir.
 Lay 2 nos. 6” x 50m API 15,000 series SDSS flowlines from the GBAR-26 and GBAR-
F1F22 wells to their individual HPHT skids.
 Fabricate and install 2 nos HPHT skids (skid mounted well hook-up modules) at the
wellhead location (1 skid per well). Each well hook-up skid should consist of the
following:
o A 15,000psi rated, 6” SDSS flowline (Maximum wells CITHP of 12,500psi,
but standardized to 15,000psi for SPDC wide HPHT wells).
o A 15,000psi series integral mechanical HIPPS system.
o A 15,000psi rated automated choke valve for flow/pressure control.
o A 15,000psi manual choke valve system for start-up.
o An ANSI 2500# Wet gas flow meter – preferably a dual venturi type Gas
sample connection point.
o Automated sand detectors.
o A sand trap
o Vent pipe equipped with integrated liquid knock-out /maintenance drain
tank.
 Electrical and Instrumentation cabinet (to serve as Field Auxiliary Room – FAR)
 Lay 2 nos. 6” x 20m 2500# DSS flowlines from the Gbaran-26 and Gbaran-F1B/F22
HPHT skids to the new bulkline
 Install a new 15,000psi rated mobile well equalization package at the well location.
 Lay 10-inch x 5km DSS bulk line with pig traps from the HPHT skid to Gbaran CPF
 Tie-in the new bulk line to the Gbaran NAG slug catcher inlet header at the CPF
 Install shutdown valve on the bulk line at Gbaran-26 &Gbaran CPF end.
 Tie-in the well control system to the Gbaran CPF Process Automation System
 Tie-in pipeline isolation system to the Gbaran CPF Safety Instrumented System as
shown below;
 Tie-in electrical power from the existing LV switchboard at the adjacent Gbaran remote
manifolds substation.
 Integrate all functionalities in the new installations with the existing Gbaran CPF and
remote facilities
 Install E&I cabinet to provide required normal and vital UPS power supplies and
integrate with PAS/SIS/F&G.
 Terminate the E&I cabinet components to well Head Control Panel, existing Gbaran
Remote FAR equipment, Gbaran CPF Process Automation/ Safety Instrumented
System.

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2. Scope
This document provides the minimum requirements and recommendations for the surface preparation
and the painting of external surfaces of new SDSS and DSS metallic components/equipment and piping
that will be exposed to atmospheric conditions in Gbaran Single Well Opportunities Project. The
operation is HPHT and this increases the risk of exposure to chloride stress corrosion cracking, CSCC.
The sequence of the painting operation shall be:
1) Surface Preparation
2) Painting Application
3) Inspection and Testing of Painted Surface
4) Repair of Coating Defects

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3. References
- DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen, Feb 2017“Protective Coatings for Onshore and Offshore Facilities”

- SP RP 0188: Discontinuity (Holiday) testing of new protective coatings on conductive substrates

- ISO 2409: Paints and Vanishes – cross cut tests.

- ISO 20340: Paints and vanishes performance requirements for offshore and related structures.

- ISO 2808: Paint and vanishes: Determination of film thickness.

- ISO 1461: Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel structures-Specifications and
test methods.

- ISO 10684: Fasteners Hot dip galvanized coatings.

- ISO 8504: Abrasive blast cleaning.

- ASTM D4541: Standard test method for pull-off strength of coatings using portable adjustable
testers.

- ASTM D 5064: Standard practice for conducting a patch test to asses coating compatibility.

- NACE RP0188: Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing of New Protective Coatings on Conductive

Substrates.

- SSPC-PA 2: Measurement of Dry Coating Thickness with Magnetic Gages.

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4. Abbreviations and Definitions

4.1.1. Abbreviations
ASTM American Society for Testing & Materials
CS Carbon Steel
DEP Design and Engineering Practice
DFT Dry Film Thickness
HAT Highest Astronomical Tide Level
ISO International Standards Organisation
LAT Lowest Astronomical Tide Level
NACE National Association of Corrosion Engineers
NDFT Nominal Dry Film Thickness
SS Stainless Steel
SSCP Society for Protective Coating
SPDC Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Limited
TDFT Total Dry Film Thickness
WFT Wet Film Thickness

4.1.2. Definitions
The Contractor is the party, which carries out all or part of the design. The Principal may
undertake all or part of the duties of the Contractor.

The Manufacturer/Supplier is the party, which manufactures or supplies equipment and services
to perform the duties specified by the Contractor.

The Principal/Company is SPDC or a designate Engineer/Contractor performing work on behalf

of SPDC
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The word shall indicate a requirement.

The word should indicate a recommendation.

4.1.3. Specific definitions

Dry Film Thickness-The thickness of the dried or cured paint or coating film.
Equipment - The item to be painted; these include the associated piping, drain vessels, flare
knockout vessels and skids.

Grit -Particles that are predominantly angular with fractured faces and sharp edges and are less
than half round in shape, (iron grit, and steel grit).

Shot -Particles that are predominantly round, that have a length of less than twice the maximum
particle width and that do not have edges, broken faces or other sharp surface
defects, eg steel shot. For blasting stainless steel, non-(free) iron containing
abrasive shall be used, eg Garnet, coal slag, or aluminum oxide.

Total Dry Film Thickness- The thickness of the total number of coatings specified.
Wet Film Thickness- The thickness of the uncured or wet paint or coating film.
Splash Zone - The area from 3 meters below the LAT and up to 2 meters above HAT
SSPC-SP1 - Society for Protective Coating – Surface Preparation Specification No 1 – Solvent
Cleaning.
P3 - Surface Preparation Grade that indicates Very thorough preparation: surface is free of
significant visible imperfection.
Painting Code – Code of a painting system
F – Offshore/Swamp Location; L – Land Location;
C – Carbon Steel surface; S – Stainless Steel surface; O – Other surface;
N – New painting; M – Maintenance painting.

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Thus, FC1-N – The facility is on Offshore/Swamp location, the facility material is carbon steel,
and the painting is for new facility.
LC1-N – The facility is on Land location, the facility material is carbon steel, and the painting is
for new facility.

5. Painting Contractor Responsibility

The Contractor shall carry out painting activities in accordance with this specification and DEP
30.48.00.31-Gen and all other relevant documents, like site regulations, safety rules and
requirements, product data sheets, safety data sheets referenced standards and codes. All safety
equipment shall be maintained to a good working condition. Protective clothing for abrasive
blasters shall comply with ISO 14877.

Warning signs shall be adequate and shall be conspicuously displayed at all access points to areas
where abrasive blasting and painting is in progress. All safety precautions and requirements shall
be implemented by the Contractor before, during and at the end of all painting and testing
activities.

The Contractor is fully responsible for all Quality Assurance and Control activities. Before
commencement of any coating work, the Contractor shall submit work programmes, method
statements, quality plans to the Principal for review and approval.The Contractor shall ensure to
have carried out area flammability testing before start of holiday test on cured coatingin
operating areas.

The Contractor shall separate the carbon steel materials from stainless steel materials before
starts work in the shop, and appropriate coating system for each type of material shall be applied
in accordance with this specification and DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen.
Note:
i. Stainless steels shallbe segregate from carbon steel before painting, painting
configuration and testing.

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ii. Stainless steel surfaces shall not be cleaned with carbon steel tools, or any tools
previouslyused on carbon steel.
iii. Stainless steel surfaces shall not be coated, over sprayed or dipped with metallic zinc-
basedcoatings.
Generally, the responsibility of the Contractor shall be in accordance with DEP 30.48.00.31-
Gen.

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6. Specification of Painting System

6.1. Painting Systems

Paint system as recommended in DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen, “Protective Coatings for Onshore and
Offshore Facilities” shall be applied to structural steel components - piping, ladders, gratings, and valves.
The materials of construction areSDSS and DSS stainless steel materials. Complete factory/yard
application of paints is preferred. Where complete paint application before transport to site is not
possible, primer and inter-coat application in the yard followed by touch up and topcoat painting on site
is preferred over complete site application.

Lead containing paints, coal-tar epoxy paints and coal-tar urethane should not be used because
of the associated health and environmental impact.

6.2. Paint Material and Painting Contractor

All paint materials to be used shall be obtained from the Manufacturer listed in TAMAP, approved by
the Principal and qualified according to DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen, “Protective Coatings for Onshore and
Offshore Facilities”. All paint materials shall be supplied in the Manufacturer's original unopened
containers, with its label and instructions clearly and legibly marked with the description of the contents.
This shall include the specification number, the colour reference number, the method of application for
which it is intended, the batch number, date of manufacture, the shelf-life expiry date and the
Manufacturer's name or recognized trade mark. Also, the materials safety data sheet (MSDS) for the
paint shall be supplied by the manufacturer. See Appendix A for approved vendor listing.
Coating materials shall be properly stored with the paint Manufacturer‟s requirements. In general, no
paint/coating material shall be used after a shelf life of 12months. The maximum shelf life for zinc
silicate shall be 6 months. Coating material exceeding these requirements shall not be used unless that is
re-inspected and written approval by the paint Manufacturer obtained. Coating material which have
deteriorated or gelled during storage shall not be used unless that is re-inspected and tested, and written
approval obtained from the paint Manufacturer.

Different brands or types of paints shall not be inter-mixed.

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The storage and preparation of paints and other coating materials shall be in accordance with the
Manufacturer's instructions. Samples for testing the paint being used may be taken by the Principal at
any time. Should a sample fail to meet the required specification, the Contractor shall remove this paint
from areas already covered and recoat them with paint that meets the specification. Paint material
handling, approval and painting contractor responsibility shall be as specified in DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen.
“Protective Coatings for Onshore and Offshore Facilities”.

NOTE:Zinc containing primers or coatings shall not be used on stainless steel or 9% nickel steel
surfaces.

6.3. Performance Assurance

Painting/Coating Contractor shall guarantee the quality of their coating work in due consultation with
coating materials Manufacturer and Principal. Before any painting or coating work shall commence, the
warranty period and associated coating condition shall be agreed with the Principal by the Contractor.

The following warranty period for the coating systems shall be followed as a minimum requirement.

 Five (5) years for liquid coating systems for external atmospheric exposure, as per the coating
condition specified in section 2.2.1 ofDEP 30.48.00.31-Gen.

The Contractor shall also obtain a written warranty from paint/coating Manufacturers thatthe supplied
coating materials shall be of good quality, suitable for the intended service andcapable of providing a life
as per the above specified warranty period.
The use of coating systems as described in this specification and in accordance with DEP 30.48.00.31-
Gen and approved by the Principal shallnot affect the warranties agreed by the contract parties involved.
Surfaces that have deteriorated beyond the specified level of breakdown within thewarranty period shall
be repaired by the Contractor. The Contractor shall bear the cost ofmaterials, equipment, labour,
onshore/offshore transport, onshore/offshore lodging andonshore/offshore storage necessary for the
repair.
Only surfaces that have suffered from mechanical damage or chemical spillage as a resultof operational
activities fall outside this warranty.

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Initial acceptance of any new coating work by the Principal shall not in any way relieve the Contractorof
his obligations until the final inspection has been carried out andacceptance of the completed work has
been agreed in writing.

An end-of-warranty inspection shall be carried out by a party agreed between theContractor and the
Principal before expiry of the period of a warranty agreement regardingthe coating work.
In case of a dispute on the condition of the coating work that has been inspected, anagreed independent
expertise body shall conduct a review inspection at the Contractor‟scost. Both the Principal and the
Contractor shall accept the findings of the inspection by thisindependent consultant.

For spot repair of coating systems, the applicable duration of the warranty period shall be five years after
completion of the applied repair coating, and the conditions stated in section 2.3.1 of DEP 30.48.00.31-
Gen shall apply.

6.4. Personnel

Only professional skilled blasters and painters shall be used. Blasters and painters should be certified in
accordance with a scheme approved by the Principal, for example ASTM D4228. The blasters and
painters shall be supervised by a certified foreman. Certifying bodies shall comply with ISO 17024.
Before any work is commenced the certificates of the personnel shall be submitted to the Principal for
verification.
The painting Contractor shall provide all personnel with approved personal protection PPEs. These
include protective clothing, safety glasses, safety shoes, hard hats, eye goggles, respirators, earplugs,
fresh-air-fed hood and any other necessary safety equipment, and shall be in good condition. Protective
coating for abrasive blasters shall comply with ISO 14877.

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6.5. Blasting and Spraying Equipment

Blasting and painting equipment shall fully comply with the requirements of local and/or regional
regulations.
The compressed air shall be free of water and oil. The system shall be provided with adequate separators
and traps. These separators and traps shall be installed at the coolest part of the system. The presence of
oil and water shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D4285 at least two (2) times per 12 hours
operation and following every compressor start-up. The temperature of the compressed air shall at no
time be allowed to exceed 100 OC.

Blasting nozzle shall be changed when its diameter has increased through wear by more than 50 % of
the original diameter and when the specified minimum pressure, surface cleanliness and surface profile
can no longer be achieved.

The contractor shall supply all equipment necessary to ensure that the work is carried as specified and in
accordance with DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen, Feb 2017. This includes weather protection equipment and
scaffolding, and any other necessary equipment, unless otherwise agreed.

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7. Surface Preparation
For optimum paint performance the substrate surface must be fit for purpose and the suitable surface
preparation, grades, method, equipment and accessories shall be applied according to DEP 30.48.00.31-
Gen. “Protective Coatings for Onshore and Offshore Facilities”

7.1. Surface Grinding

All edges shall be ground to a minimum radius of 2 mm or otherwise agreed with the Principal. Flame
cut areas and weld spatter shall have been ground flush in accordance with the requirements of ISO
8501-3, preparation Grade P3. If this is not the case, the Principal shall be informed, and corrective
action shall be taken prior to the application of the first layer of the coating system.

7.2. Surface Cleaning (Descaling and Degreasing)

Prior to the blast cleaning and/or prior to any painting operation, the surface shall be free of any
contamination.

All bolt holes shall be solvent cleaned prior to the commencement of blast cleaning. Solvent cleaning
shall be carried out in accordance with SSPC, SP1 “Solvent Cleaning”.

When emulsion or detergent type degreasers are used, this treatment shall be followed by copious
rinsing using fresh and clean potable water or pressure water/steam wash. For stainless steel surfaces,
the water quality shall have chlorides less than50 ppm and temperature less than 50 OC.

The degreasers shall be proven to be biologically degradable.

All welded areas and appurtenances shall be given special attention for removal of welding flux in
crevices. Welding spatter and laminations not removed during fabrication and exposed before and
during blast cleaning operations shall be removed by the best mechanical means and the edges smoothed
or rendered flush.

Care shall be taken to dry areas which are not self-draining, so that any water collected is removed and
not allowed to evaporate leaving salt deposits on the surface.

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7.3. Surface Cleaning by Blast Cleaning

Cleaning of surfaces shall, as a general rule, be done by dry blast cleaning (hereafter referred to as blast
cleaning) as outlined in ISO 8504-2. The surface cleanliness grade shall be in accordance with the
requirements of ISO 8501-1. Table 1 shows the surface cleanliness grade applicable for the painting
work.

Table 1: Surface Cleanliness grades

Grade of surface cleanliness ISO 8501 SSPC NACE
Near-white metal Sa 2½ SP-10 No 2

Fabrication should be complete before surface preparation begins. However, surface preparation and
application of the base layers of the specified coating system before assembly will be allowed.

The electric or pneumatic power tool cleaning shall be confined to minor areas when abrasive blasting is
not feasible when the area of the repair is less than 30 cm2. The cleaning shall be carried out in
accordance with the requirements of ISO 8504-3 and ISO 8501-1 grade St 3, unless a different
specification is approved by Principal.

To prevent dust and abrasive contamination, blast cleaning shall not be done close to painting
operations or wet coated surfaces. Environmental restrictions shall be observed. Rough grit blasting can
be allowed during the night if the surface is subsequently blasted under good light conditions to the
specified standard. Minimum lighting requirement for abrasive blasting, painting and inspection is 500
lux.
Blast cleaned steel surfaces shall not be touched by bare hands.

If the surface being cleaned lies adjacent to a coated surface, which is not to be repaired, the blast
cleaning shall overlap the coated surface by at least 100 mm. The edges of the existingcoating system
shall be feathered. The remainder of the existing coated surface shall be properly protected with shields
or screens to prevent any over-blast damage.

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Where rectification has been necessary on blast-cleaned surfaces, the dressed areas shall be pre-cleaned
as initially specified.

Stainless steel surfaces shall not be treated with carbon steel cleaning tools or any toolspreviously used
on carbon steel.For solvent cleaning of stainless steels, attention shall be given to the level of free halides
(example chlorine) inmaterials to be used. To clean un-coated austenitic type of stainless steels with hot
watercleaning, the temperature of the water shall not be higher than 60 OC.

7.4. Alternative Surface Cleaning Method

Alternative surface preparation methods may be used when blast cleaning is restricted because of HSSE
requirements for non-immersion services, field touch up work and refurbishment painting, subject to
the approval of the Principal. Alternative surface cleaning is only acceptable after written approval of the
Principal for other specific situations, but not for any situation above.

Application of electric or pneumatic power tool cleaning shall be limited to isolated areas not exceeding
900 cm² (nominally 30 cm x 30 cm).
Power-tool cleaning shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of ISO 8504-3 and ISO
8501-1 grade St3 or SSPC-SP-3.
Power-tool cleaning to bare metal shall be done in accordance with SSPC SP11 using a bristle blaster or
equivalent method.
Table 2: Surface Cleanliness Grade – Alternative Cleaning Method
SURFACE FINISH GRADE ISO 8501 SSPC NACE

Power tool cleaning St 3 SSPC SP-3

Power tool cleaning to bare metal - SSPC SP-11 -

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No acid washes, cleaning solvents or other chemical treatments shall be used on metal surfaces after
they have been (dry) blast cleaned. This restriction includes inhibitive washes intended to prevent
rusting.

7.5. Abrasives

Abrasives for use in blast cleaning steels shall be in accordance with ISO8504-2, and table 1 of DEP
30.48.00.31-Gen. A wide range of natural and synthetic solid materials are used for abrasive blast-
cleaning of steel surfaces to get them ready painting/coating. Also, several liquids are used for blasting.

The size and shape of the particles of abrasives may change during blasting or if reused and this can
affect the resulting surface profile of the blast-cleaned steel.

The conductivity of abrasives for stainless steels shall be a maximum of 150 μS/cm.

The abrasives should be supplied with certification documentation traceable tobatches of material.

7.6. Surface Roughness Profile

The surface profile and the anchor pattern for steel surfaces shall be in accordance
withrecommendations of the paint Manufacturer. When notspecified by the paint Manufacturer or when
otherwise specified, the surfaceprofile shall be between 40 μm and 70 μm for coating system up to 500
μm in accordance with DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen. The anchor pattern shall have a sharp angular profile.

When stainless steel, galvanized or non-ferrous metal surfaces are painted then blastcleaning shall be
carried out by smooth sweep blasting, using a fine non-iron containingabrasive likealuminium oxide. No
defects such as break through or crisping of the zinclayer shall occur on galvanized surfaces. The surface
roughness shall be in the range of20 μm to 30 μm or as recommended by the paint Manufacturer.

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Generally, cleaned surfaces shall be examined for traces of oil, grease or other contamination andtested
for the presence of soluble salts. If present, contaminants shall be removed in accordance with DEP
30.48.00.31-Gen. Cleaned surface shall, prior to application of painting, meet the standards
recommended in section 6.7 of DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen February, 2015.

No acid washes, cleaning solvents or other chemical treatments shall be used on metal surfaces after
they have been dry blast cleaned. This restriction includes inhibitive washes intended to prevent rusting.

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8. Paint Application
The paint shall be applied in accordance with the paint manufacturer‟s product data sheet, which shall
include the mix ratio, the method of application, the use of thinners and top coating times.

All coating systems shall be applied in accordance with this specification and the paint manufacturer's
instructions and data sheets. Any conflicting requirements shall be brought to the attention of the
Principal.

To ensure that only correctly blasted surfaces are coated, a minimum of 100 mm around the edges of
prepared areas shall be left uncoated, unless adjoining a coated surface. When adjoining a coated surface,
the connection to the existing paint film shall be made as described in this section. No coating shall be
applied within 50 mm to areas that need to be welded later.

In the coastal environment where corrosion is severe due to salinity of the area, galvanized components
such as ladders and hand railings shall be protected with a paint system LO1-N, applied on top of the
galvanized layer in line with DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen. “Protective Coatings for Onshore and Offshore
Facilities”.

During transportation, due care must be taken with transport method in order not to damage the
coating.

Zinc rich primers shall only be applied over abrasive blast cleaned carbon and low alloy steel surfaces
only.

Stainless steel and 9 % nickel steel surfaces shall not be coated, over sprayed ordipped with metallic
zinc-based coatings.

The Contractor shall ensure that carbon steel and stainless steel items are segregatedbefore painting.

To ensure that only correctly blasted surfaces are coated, a minimum of 100 mm around the edges of
prepared areas shall be left uncoated, unless adjoining a coated surface.

In cases where an object is delivered by the Principal to the Contractor for painting, the Principal shall
inform the Contractor about the layers of coating which have already been applied and the Contractor
shall complete the required system in accordance with this specification and DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen.
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Table 3: Painting System for Stainless Steel piping.

Min. Total
Stainless Steel System Number minimum
Example of coating system
(EXTERNAL) code of coating NDFT
layers (µm)
Atmospheric zone. LS1-N 2 200 Un-insulated:
-35OC up to +120OC Epoxy primer, Polyurethane top
coat
Atmospheric zone. LS1-M 2 200 Un-insulated:
-35OC up to +120OC Self-priming epoxy primer,
Polyurethane top coat
Atmospheric zone. LS6-N/M 2 200 Insulated:
-35OC up to +50OC Epoxy primer, High Build epoxy
coating.
ESSC Risk is low
Atmospheric zone. LS7-N/M 2 200 Insulated:
>50OC up to +175OC Epoxy phenolic
(OR)
ESSC Risk is high TSA coating

Table 4: Painting System for Carbon Steel (piping and piping support).
Carbon steel System Min. Total Recommended Coating
material code number minimum System
(EXTERNAL) of coating NDFT
layers (µm)
Atmospheric zone, LC2-N 3 300 Un-insulated:
-35 OC to +120 OC Inorganic zinc silicate/zinc rich primer,
epoxy mid-coat, polyurethane topcoat.
2 300 Insulated:
2 coats of epoxy phenolic / epoxy novolac /
TSA coating
Atmospheric zone, LC2-M 3 300 Un-insulated:
-35 OC to +120 OC Zinc rich primer, Self-priming epoxy, epoxy
mid-coat, polyurethane topcoat.

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2 300 Insulated:
2 coats of epoxy phenolic / epoxy novolac /
TSA coating

Table 5: Painting System for Galvanised Surfaces (handrails etc.)

Galvanized material System Min. number Total Recommended

(EXTERNAL) code of coating layers minimum Coating
NDFT (µm) System
Galvanised surfaces in Epoxy primer/
the atmospheric exposure LO1-N 2 200 Polyurethane top
-35 OC to 120 OC coat.

8.1. Mixing and Thinning of Coating Materials

The mixer and pot shall be thoroughly cleaned before mixing of new materials. All coating materials
shall be mixed and thoroughly stirred in accordance with the instructions of the paint manufacturer.
Sufficient agitation to maintain good mixing shall be applied until the product is used. If during
mixing/stirring air is entrapped in the product, sufficient time should be allowed for air bubbles to
escape before application.

Only thinners as specified by the paint manufacturer shall be used.

8.2. Compatibility with Existing Coating Systems

Before commencing any painting work, the compatibility with existing coating systems or layers shall be
checked. The paint manufacturer shall be consulted. If there is any doubt about compatibility, the patch
test in accordance with ASTM D 5064 shall be conducted to evaluate the interfacial adhesion. Coating
layers should be over-coated only with products made by the same manufacturer.

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8.3. Top Coating

Coatings shall be dried and cured in accordance with paint manufacturer‟s recommendations, prior to
top coating. Before top coating, over-runs, droppings and smears shall be removed and any coating
damage or imperfection shall be repaired. Where the DFT does not meet the requirements of this
Standard, corrective action shall be taken.

If a zinc primer is specified in coating systems, it shall be over-coated as soon as possible but only after
sufficient cure if the primer is an inorganic zinc primer. The paint manufacturer‟s maximum over-
coating times shall not be exceeded.
Zinc salts (white rust) that have formed during the intervening period shall be removed in accordance
with the paint Manufacturer's instructions prior to over-coating.

8.4. Spray Application

Spray is the recommended method of application.Airless spray equipment and plural component spray
equipment are suitable for high solids and solvent free coating systems to achieve maximum DFT/coat.
Lines and pots shall be thoroughly cleaned with the paint manufacturer's recommended cleaner before
the addition of new coating materials. The painting contractor, as recommended by the paint
manufacturer, shall supply a complete range of tips with varying spray angles and washers. The spray
pressure shall be uniform and the spray pattern smooth.

8.5. Brush Application

Provided that the paint manufacturer considers the coating material suitable for brush application,
brush application should only be used under the following circumstances:
i. Maintenance operations if spray application is restricted;

ii. In those cases that the Principal considers that spray application may affect other
plant, equipment, property or personnel in or near the work site;
iii. For “spot repair", stripe coating or for other irregular surfaces and small-bore parts
not suitable for spray application;
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iv. Where indicated by environmental considerations.

Coatings applied by brush shall be smooth and even.

8.6. Stripe Coat

Before spray application of each coat, irregular surfaces such as sharp edges, welds, small brackets,
interstices etc. shall be stripe-coated, usually by brush, to ensure the specified film thickness
isprovided. Stripe coating of primers may be carried out before spray application of the primer coat
in order to minimize the time between abrasive blasting and priming. The colour of the stripe coat
shall be different from the previous or subsequent coat.

8.7. Protection of Coated Surfaces

Coated surfaces shall not be in direct contact with other non-coated surfaces. Coated surfaces, which
will be in contact with other surfaces such as piping supports, shall be protected with Teflon straps or as
otherwise agreed with the Principal. Such protection shall be applied when coatings are fully cured.

The dry film thickness (DFT) shall be as specified in paint system according to DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen.
“Protective Coatings for Onshore and Offshore Facilities”.

8.8. General Facility Colour

The paint color of the piping shall conform to the color theme of the facility. The colour shall be Shell
Green with RAL-code 6001.

8.9. Service Identification Colour Banding

The fluid medium at different parts of the facilities shall be identified by colour codes. This is done by
painting a 150 mm wide band of the appropriate color around the piping at intervals of not more than
10 meters on either side of each valve or branch connection. The colors shall be applied as a band on

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the piping and flanges. The colour code for gas and liquid line are as shown in table 6 in accordance with
B.3, DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen; February 2017, Informative.

Table 6: Piping Colour Specification

Fluid Medium Colour RAL-code

Process gas lines Yellow 1012

Isolation joints &flange connections Black 9005
Base plates and frames Black 9007
Hand Rails Grey 9011

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9. Inspection and Testing

The Principal have the right to inspect the paintwork at all stages of preparation and to reject any tools,
instruments, materials, equipment or work, which do not conform to DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen.
The completed coating shall be free from defects such as runs, sags, pinholes, voids, bubbles, orange
peel, grit, dust inclusions or other deleterious anomalies and be of good visual appearance. The topcoat
shall completely cover the colour of the underlying layers.

In case of anti-skid systems, the anti-skid material shall be uniformly dispersed on the surface of the
coating.

The following coating inspections and tests shall be applied:

9.1. Wet Film Thickness, WFT

Spot checks shall be carried out during the course of painting operation to ensure that film thickness is
being maintained. These shall be performed according to the procedure described in ISO 2808, Method
No. 1A – comb gauge.

9.2. Dry Film Thickness, DFT

Coating dry film thickness (DFT) measurement method shall be in accordance with ISO 2808. For
measurement of dry film thickness, the digital magnetic induction type gauges are preferred for magnetic
substrates and the eddy current type gauges for non-magnetic substrates. The magnetic „banana‟ type
gauges shall not be used.

The number of measurements shall be in accordance with table 4 of DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen. Calibration
shall be done in accordance with Section 2 of SSPC-PA 2.

For the acceptance of an inspected area the following criteria shall be fulfilled:

1) The dry film thickness of the completed coating system shall be equal to or greater than
the specified nominal dry film thickness (NDFT);

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2) The dry film thickness of the individual coating layers shall be equal to or above 80 % of
the specified nominal dry film thickness (NDFT) as shown in table 7 below. The number
of readings below NDFT shall be less than 20 % of the total number of dry film
thickness measurements taken.

Table 7: Individual NDFT (μm) (If not specified by Manufacturer)

Table 7A: 3-Layer Coat
Painting layer NDFT
Primer 60 μm
Second Coat 120 μm
Top coat 120 μm

Table 7B: 2-Layer Coat

Painting layer NDFT
Primer 70μm
Top Coat 130 μm

3) The dry film thickness of the individual coating layers shall be maximum 1.5 x the
NDFT, except for areas such as corners where overlaps are difficult to avoid. For such
areas a maximum of 2.5 x the NDFT shall be accepted.

9.3. Holiday Testing

Pinhole testing for electrically non-conductive coatings in accordance with NACE RP0188on 100% of
coated area shall be required for vessels and piping. Defects found shall be marked, repaired and retested
in accordance with this Standard. The Contractor shall provide the necessary equipment for calibrating
the holiday detector.The voltage to be used for the high voltage-spark testing shall be agreed with the
paint manufacturer; otherwise a voltage of 5 V per m shall be used, with a maximum of 25 kV.

The Contractor shall have completed area flammability testing before start of holiday test on cured
coatingin operating areas.

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9.4. Ageing

Ageing resistance of the coating material (ISO 20340, 4200 h) shall be less < 3 mm for zinc primed and
< 7 mm for non-zinc primed coating systems.

9.5. Adhesion

The quality of adhesion between the coating system and the steel substrate, and of the adhesion between
the coating layers, shall be measured using either:
A. A self-aligning adhesion tester in accordance with ASTM D 4541. The minimum pull-off force
for coating systems with a NDFT greater than 150 μm shall be:
 5 MPa for zinc primed coating systems;
 7 MPa for non-zinc primed coatings systems;Or
Testing shall be done on fully cured systems in accordancewith paint Manufacturer‟s recommendations
given in product data sheet only, i.e., not less than 7 days after the application of the final layer for epoxy
systems.
Adhesion testing shall be carried out on each component and at least once per 100 m² of coated surface.
If there are many small components (e.g., piping and structures), which are applied with same coating
system, combined area of those can be considered for 100 m² criteria. Exposed areas from adhesion
tests shall be repaired using bristle blaster power toolcleaning and application of the same coating
systemin accordance with this DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen.

9.6. Inspection Records and Reports

The test reports shall contain the information as required in ISO 20340 Clause 9 and in section 1.6 of
DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen. In addition, all other relevant information such as application data, observations
of application properties, type of spray equipment and tips used, deviations and agreements, test
temperatures, curing time shall be stated in the report as well.

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9.7. Test requirements and acceptance criteria

Unless otherwise specified, at least two out of three panels shall pass the acceptance criteria in
accordance with DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen.
Performance tests and acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen.

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10. Repair of Coating Defects

Damaged areas and defects in the coating system such as over-runs, drips and smears have to be
removed and re-cleaned. Areas with inadequate dry film coating thickness shall also be re-cleaned. The
re-cleaning shall carry over on to the secure surrounding coating for not less than 250 mm all round and
the edges shall be feathered (over a width of at least 70 mm).
After the surface cleaning the specified coating system or the required layers of the specified coating
shall be re-applied. In case of the application of additional coats these shall blend in with the final
coating on adjoining areas. Paint manufacturers shall be consulted if the existing coating requires
abrading before over coating to obtain good bonding.

10.1. Inadequate Coating Thickness

For low and rejected coating DFT the coating system shall be repaired in accordance with ISO 2409.
When DFT is exceeding the specified maximum requirements, the thick coating shall be removed and
the surface shall be re-blasted and recoated with the initial specified coating system.

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11. Appendix A: TAMAP Approved Current Paint Manufacturers

Table 8: TAMAP APPROVED CURRENT PAINT MANUFACTURERS

Manufacturer Country Validity
International Paint Global 2020
Jotun Global 2020
Oxifree Global 2020
Acotec Global 2020
A & E Group Global 2020
PPG-Sigma Global 2021
Hempel Global 2022
Sherwin Williams Global 2022

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