AGP-GPS-ANOGP-Z02-0001 - A01 Piping Design Basis PDF

ANOH Gas Processing Company Limited
Security Classification: Restricted
AGP-GPS-ANOGP-Z02-0001
ANOH GAS PLANT PROJECT (AGPP)
PIPING DESIGN BASIS

JUL, 2019
Rev Date Description Issued by Checked by Approved by
Senthilkumar Magudapathi M Boddu Prasad

2019.07.17 2019.07.17 2019.07.17
16:23:26
16:17:33 +04'00' 16:06:57 +04'00' +04'00'
A01 17-JUL-19 Issued for Approval TSK MM BVP
GPS DOC NO. D1034-01-EL-BOD-0001

Document No. AGP-GPS-ANOGP-Z02-0001 REV. A01
Document Title PIPING DESIGN BASIS PAGE 2 OF 47
ADDITIONAL APPROVAL / REVISION HISTORY TABLE
Party Name Sign Date
Revision Philosophy
All documents for approval will be issued at A01 as required.
If the document is for information, it will also be issued as A01.
All revisions re-Issued for approval will be issued as A02, with subsequent A03, A04, etc as
required.
Documents approved for Construction will be issued at C01, C02, and C03 respectively.
Documents or drawings revised as “As built” will be issued as Z01, Z02 Z03 etc.
Previous revision highlighting to be removed at subsequent issues
Drawings/diagrams revised from previous approved issues are highlighted by 'clouding' the
affected areas and by the use of a triangle containing the revision status.
Revision History
Revision No. Date of issue Reason for change

Table of Contents
1 PROJECT INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 5
2 SCOPE..................................................................................................................... 6
3 DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................... 6
4 ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................... 6
5 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ......................................................................................... 6
5.1 Project Documents and Specifications ............................................................................ 7
5.2 Codes and Standards ...................................................................................................... 7
5.3 Exclusions ....................................................................................................................... 8
5.4 Order of Precedence....................................................................................................... 8
6 DESIGN AND LAYOUT .............................................................................................. 8
6.1 Overall Field Layout ........................................................................................................ 8
6.2 General........................................................................................................................... 8
6.3 Key Considerations ......................................................................................................... 9
6.4 Basis of Layout .............................................................................................................. 10
6.5 Separation of Facilities.................................................................................................. 10
6.6 Safety and Work Environment ...................................................................................... 11
6.7 Pipe Routing ................................................................................................................. 11
6.8 Valves ........................................................................................................................... 18
6.9 Vents, Drains and Sample Connections ......................................................................... 21
7 EQUIPMENT PIPING............................................................................................... 23
7.1 General......................................................................................................................... 23
7.2 Pumps, Compressors and Turbines ............................................................................... 24
7.3 Diesel Engine ................................................................................................................ 27
7.4 Heaters ......................................................................................................................... 27
7.5 Vessels and Towers....................................................................................................... 28
7.6 Storage Tanks ............................................................................................................... 29
7.7 Custody Meters ............................................................................................................ 31
7.8 Launcher and Receiver Stations .................................................................................... 31
7.9 LPG Storage and Piping ................................................................................................. 31
7.10 Heat Transfer Equipment .............................................................................................. 33
7.11 Additional Requirements Related to Piping System ....................................................... 35
7.12 Fittings ......................................................................................................................... 38

7.13 Piping Flexibility............................................................................................................ 40

7.14 Pipe Supports ............................................................................................................... 41
7.15 Hoses............................................................................................................................ 41
7.16 Thermal Insulation of Piping, Equipment & Vessels ....................................................... 42
7.17 Painting ........................................................................................................................ 42
8 SPACE REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................... 43
TABLE :1 ACCESS TO EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTS .............................................. 43
TABLE :2 ACCESS CLEARANCES ................................................................................... 44
TABLE :3 MAINTENANCE CLEARANCES....................................................................... 45
9 ATTACHMENTS...................................................................................................... 46
ATTACHMENT :1 LINE SPLIT UP ARRANGEMENT................................................................... 46

1 PROJECT INTRODUCTION
The ANOH reservoir comprise Assa North, located in JV Block OML 21 operated by SPDC, but also
extend into JV OML 53 Block where they are called Ohaji South operated by SEPLAT. As a
combination, the reservoir are jointly known as ANOH. These gas fields situate in Imo State, about
25Km South West of Owerri, and 70Km North-West of Port Harcourt, geographically defined
within coordinates Easting 475,000 – 490,000m and Northing 140,000 – 160,000m.
ANOH Midstream Gas Processing Plant Project is one of seven (7) critical projects identified by
Federal Government of Nigeria for supply of gas to the domestic market by Q4 2019, a project has
been active since 2004 under the stewardship of the OML 21 JV consisting of Shell Petroleum
Development Company (SPDC) and National Petroleum Investment Management Services
(NAPIMS). In October 2016, Federal Government of Nigeria, through NAPIMS, separated ANOH
development into Upstream and Mid-Stream where a 600 MMscfd Midstream gas plant would be
developed by SEPLAT whilst Upstream consisting of Wells and reservoir management would
remain with SPDC. Subsequently, that proposal was altered for SEPLAT to develop 300mmscfd
Midstream whilst SPDC would continue to manage Upstream and develop a 300mmscfd plant in
parallel.
Accordingly, the ANOH Gas Processing Company Limited (AGPC) has been formed to develop and
manage the Midstream business with the following ownership:
AGPC Midstream gas processing facilities will be jointly owned 50/50 as an IJV between Nigerian
Gas Pipeline and Transportation Company (NGPTC a division of the NNPC) and AGPC. The IJV will
wholly own the project and upon completion, own and operate the gas processing plant complete
with utilities, living quarters and infrastructure. Early Upstream scope, to be delivered by Shell
Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) on behalf of a consortium of orders in which SEPLAT has
20% share, consists of drilling six (6) gas production Wells on behalf of ANOH Operating Unit, four
(4) Wells in reservoir H1000 and two (2) Wells in reservoir H4000. Each well will be connected by
individual flow line to a central Upstream Facility also operated by SPDC to two Midstream Gas
Plants, one 300MMscf/d operated by AGPC and the other 300MMscf/d operated by SPDC.
ANOH Midstream Gas Processing Plant Plot is designed to accommodate up to 4 x 300Mmscf/d

processing Blocks making total capacity of 1,200 MMscfd processed dry gas complete with
associate stabilized condensate and LPG products. Later in field life, there will also be an effluent
side stream of produced water to dispose of. The green field plant must be self-sufficient in terms
of utilities and infrastructure. Sales gas will export through a new 36” spur line to be built by
NGPTC, connecting Oben-Obiafu/Obrikom (OB3) trunk line that will serve ELPS (Lagos) and
Ajaokuta (Kogi/Abuja) domestic gas pipeline transportation systems.

Stabilized Gas-liquids will spike to existing crude evacuation systems pipelining to Bonny and Brass
Terminals for export, with an option for local refining, under present consideration by several Third
Parties. Produced LPG’s will be sold from the plant from evacuation by road tanker loaded from
the (included) Plant LPG depot. In this initial phase, AGPC will develop 300 MMscfd processing
Block receiving wet gas from OML 53 JV NAG development.
2 SCOPE
The scope of this document is to provide a basis for Piping engineering of plant process and / or
utility piping and components, for onshore oil and /or gas production facilities and to maintain
consistency throughout execution of the project.
3 DEFINITIONS
Company : ANOH Gas Processing Company (AGPC)
Contractor : Global Process Systems LLC
Project : ANOH Gas Plant Project (AGPP)
Vendor / Supplier : Firm or Company to whom purchase order is issued to
Manufacturer : Supply the Goods
4 ABBREVIATIONS
TOS : Top of steel
API : American Petroleum Institute
ASME : American society of Mechanical Engineers
NPS : Nominal Pipe size
P&ID : Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
ISO : International Organization for Standardization
GRE : Glass Reinforced Epoxy
5 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
The following sub sections provides the list of codes and standards, which relate to the piping
systems. The latest edition as of 1st Jun-2019 including addenda and supplements of the
applicable piping codes and standards are to be considered at the time of contract award as part
of this specification.

5.1 Project Documents and Specifications

AGP-GPS-ANOGP-G05-0001 : Equipment List
AGP-GPS-ANOGP-Z21-0010 : Piping Materials Specification
AGP-GPS-ANOGP-Z05-0004 : Insulation Specification
AGP-GPS-ANOGP-Z03-0031 : Piping Stress Philosophy
SEP-OPE-GEN-P15-00007 : Painting and Coating Specification
AGP-GPS-ANOGP-Z16-0005 : Piping Fabrication Specification
AGP-GPS-ANOGP-Z19-0403-001 : Piping Design Standard
AGP-GPS-ANOGP-Z11-0400-001 : Pipe Support Standard
AGP-GPS-ANOGP-G11-0001 : Process Basis of Design
AGP-GPS-ANOGP-H02-0001 : Instrumentation Design Basis
AGP-GPS-ANOGP-L02-0001 : Electrical Design Basis
5.2 Codes and Standards

The following codes and standards shall be complied with where applicable.
ASME B31.3 Process Piping

ASME B16.5 Steel pipe Flanges and flanged fittings (up to 24” NB)
ASME B16.9 Butt weld fittings
ASME B16.11 Socket weld / screwed fittings
ASME B16.20 Metallic gaskets for Pipe flanges – Ring joint and spiral Wound
ASME B16.21 Non-metallic gaskets for pipe flanges
ASME B16.34 Steel valves
ASME B16.10 Face to Face and End to End dimensions of valves
ASME B16.48 Steel Line Blanks
ASME B36.10M Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
ASME B36.19M Stainless Steel Pipe
ISO 5167 Measurement of Fluid flow by means of pressure differential
Devices inserted in circular cross section Conduits running full
GAP 2.5.2 Oil and chemical plant Layout and spacing

5.3 Exclusions
· All instrument control piping downstream of the last piping block valve
· Sanitary piping systems
· Gas Transmission & Distribution Piping Systems (ASME B31.8)
· Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurries (ASME B31.4)
· Glass Reinforced Epoxy piping (GRE)
5.4 Order of Precedence

In the event of any conflict or contradiction between the specifications and standards, the same
shall be brought to the attention of company. The conflict shall be resolved, unless specifically
stated otherwise, in order of precedence starting with:
· Mandatory Nigerian Statutory and Regulatory Requirements

· Project Philosophies.
· Material requisitions and Job Specification
· Company Standards and Specifications
· International codes & standards
· CONTRACTOR Standards & Specifications
· Manufacturer’s proven standards wherever applicable
6 DESIGN AND LAYOUT
6.1 Overall Field Layout

The development of the Plot arrangement shall be governed by the requirements identified and
confirmed for implementation on the Overall Field Layout.
The following requirements shall be governed by the Overall Field Layout: -
· The coordinates (local and UTM) and orientation.

· Connectivity to nearby facilities (cables, pipeline etc.)
· Location of nearby existing facilities.
· Location of loading and unloading area.
· Wind direction
6.2 General
The design of all systems shall be in accordance with the Codes, standards and specifications listed
in section 5.

Design life of facility shall be 20 years.
Onsite design conditions shall be in accordance with the ASME B31.3 except where the
requirements of this specification are more stringent.
The separation distances between critical facilities are based on the below considerations: -
· Safety of personnel
· Protection of Environment
· Minimization of consequences from fire, explosion, toxic pressure
The layout shall be basis for the implementation of the loss prevention philosophy which shall
address the following:
· Hazardous area classification

· Fire and Gas detection system
· Fire protection system
6.3 Key Considerations

The major considerations for layout are:
· Land available for facilities as shown in the Company’s drawing as part of the data issued by
company
· Prevailing wind direction
· Escape, evacuation and abandonment
· Operation and maintenance access
· The relative location of equipment / modules in order to meet process system and
· Operational requirements.
· Location and impact of non-process facilities (like Accommodation, Substation
· building, control room etc.)
· Expandability
· Pipe run optimization
· Underground system network
· Handling and laydown areas
· TIE IN Interfaces
· Modularization of process facilities and utilities considering location of roads and approach
· of modules from harbor / road.

· The Module size is based on the limitations mitigated by the transportation regulations of
· the country of origin (plant location).
· Drainage facilities of storm and rain water.
· Future requirements
6.4 Basis of Layout

Following are the basis for the development of the layout
· Modularization arrangement is applied to minimize area of surface facilities and to reduce

the site fabrication and hook ups.
· Safe area shall be upwind or cross wind of hydrocarbon facilities. Facility shall Ensure
· combustion equipment and ignition sources are located Upwind of any potential leaks and
open vents.
· Process area shall be downwind of Safe area.
· Flare shall preferably be located cross wind to avoid un ignited toxic gas release from flare
towards manned areas and to avoid the potential of gas leaks from hydrocarbon facilities
being directed towards the ignited flare.
· Facility shall ensure prevailing winds direct flammable or toxic gases away from sources of
ignition and safe occupied areas.
· Provisional space shall be allocated for future facilities and also provisions for future
expansions e.g., pipe racks, future process modules etc.
· Drainage and underground facilities shall be designed taking into consideration of the ground
water level and interfaces with above ground systems and facilities.
· Access for firefighting and emergency response
· Minimal possibility of escalation of fire and explosion
· Safe containment of accidental release of hazardous liquids
· Layout of pipe rack and modules shall ensure minimum number of isolation valves
· Equipment which is a potential source of fire shall not be located under pipe rack.
· Easy to construct, operate and maintain.
6.5 Separation of Facilities

Facility shall be graded like Moderate, Intermediate and High hazard based on the type of
inventories, equipment types, activities to be performed and associated hazard potential. Facility
layout shall ensure combustion equipment and ignition sources are located upwind of any
potential sources of leaks and open vents.
Separation distance between modules and utilities has been maintained to aid containment of
hazard and avoid cascade effects.

Adequate separation distances between sections of a unit are estimated considering the probable
maintenance and access needs and the effect of such activities on adjacent equipment.
GAP guidelines GAP 2.5.2 – regarding safety distances criteria is used as basis to develop the plot
plan.Facility has been graded as INTERMEDIATE HAZARD(Reference GAP 2.5.2.A) based on the
type of inventories, equipment types, activities to be performed and associated hazard potential.
6.6 Safety and Work Environment

Ergonomic consideration shall be taken in design regarding:
· Tools, valves, Instruments and control devices, including emergency control devices shall be
accessible.
· Provision for cleaning, maintenance and repair shall be taken into consideration.
· Potential source of hazard (release of hydrocarbons) e.g., flange joints, shall be located inside
hazardous areas.
6.7 Pipe Routing
6.7.1 Selection
Selection of piping components, branch reinforcement and materials of construction for individual
piping systems shall confirm to project” Piping Material Specification Doc. AGP-GPS-ANOGP-Z21-
0010”.
Asbestos and any asbestos containing materials shall not be used.
6.7.2 General Design

All piping shall be routed so as to provide simple, neat and economical layout, allowing for easy
support and adequate flexibility.
Generally, onsite piping shall be run overhead within the plant / compound limits.
Piping and structures shall be arranged to allow operation, inspection, maintenance and
dismantling of equipment. There shall be enough access to allow mobile lifting devices to approach
process equipment and make lifts without obstruction and with a minimal removal of pipe work.
Piping and pipe support shall be kept clear of fired heater tube and exchanger bundle removal
areas.
Piping routed at ground level shall not be located above manholes or drain trenches, nor
supported from grade above buried lines and cables. Attention shall also be given during routing
to avoid tripping and overhead hazards.

Pipes 1 ½” and smaller shall be grouped together to simplify support design.
Piping system shall be adequately flexible and wherever possible this should be achieved by the
natural flexibility of the pipe work configuration. If necessary, the route of the piping should be
modified, or expansion loops incorporated to obtain enough flexibility to reduce the stress range
to acceptable limits as permitted by design codes.
Flanged connections must be provided within the vicinity of equipment to permit dismantling of
lines where removal of equipment is necessary for maintenance and inspection. Specific additional
flanged connections may be required to allow chemical cleaning or pigging of lines.
Adequate spacing shall be provided for installation of bolts and nuts. Additional care needs to be
taken where hydraulic bolt tensioning device will be applied.
Piping Class breaks shall be considered with breakup flanges.
All piping shall be arranged in a manner to avoid / minimize gas and liquid pockets except where
required by process. Branch connections for Gas lines shall be taken from the top of the parent
pipe and branch connections for liquid lines shall be taken from the bottom of the parent pipe.
All piping shall be arranged to provide specified headroom and clearances for technical safety,
easy operation, Inspection, maintenance and dismantling. Attention shall be addressed to
clearances required for the removal of pump and fan drivers, exchanger bundles, compressors.
Access and clearance around heaters shall be enough to allow for easy maintenance and operation
of burners, soot blowers, air filters, fans etc.
Piping shall be kept clear of manholes, access openings, inspection points, hatches, davits,
overhead cranes, runway beams, clearance areas for instrument removal, tower dropout areas,
access ways and emergency escape routes.
Pipes, fittings, valve controls, access panels or other equipment shall not extend in to access /
egress routes.
Dead ends in lines shall be avoided as far as possible.
6.7.3 Pipe racks

Pipe racks are elevated structures able to carry multi levels of piping. The number of levels is
determined by:
· The number of pipes to be accommodated

· The size and type of pipes

· The width available for the carrying pipes

· Any other users e.g. cable trays
· Transportation limit.
Piping should be arranged on horizontal racks at specific elevations. When changing direction
(from longitudinal to transverse or vice versa) the piping should change elevation, but care shall
be taken to avoid creating zones of vapor traps within piping.
Wherever possible the following lines shall be located at or near to the pipe rack edge:
· Steam and Exhaust steam main headers.

· Hot large bore lines.
· Large bore liquid filled lines.
Consideration shall be given to placing flare headers on the outboard side of the pipe racks. For
Multi-tier racks, the Process service shall be laid below the Utility service and Steam service and
the rack shall be designed to accommodate all piping system together with Instrument and
electrical cable trays, Space for future expansion shall be provided where specifically agreed by
client.
Interposed between expansion loop groups, anchor bays should be located. These bays will have
additional bracing which will have to be avoided by piping entering or exiting the rack.
In deciding the levels at which piping will run the lowest level for piping in the unit area will
determine the base from which subsequent levels will be calculated. The alternate levels running
east-west and north-south with the distance between the alternates being determined by the
minimum distance that the largest line requires to roll through a combination of 45°and 90° elbows
to exit the rack.
In general, adequate space shall be provided to support instrument & electrical cable racking and
electrical lighting conduits from the pipe rack structure.
Wherever possible the pipe rack design shall incorporate a vertical section to include the battery
limit valving. This arrangement will allow safe permanent access for spading,
pressure/temperature measurement and depressurizing of the system, as an exception, the flare
header can be routed with a nominal slope through and over the battery limit area.
When expansion loops are required, line should be grouped together and located on the outside
of the rack.
Where header block valves are required, and there is no suitable access platform in the vicinity,
the valve shall be located in the branch line immediately outboard of the pipe rack edge. The

location should allow safe access from temporary ladders, staging etc., without the need to enter
the pipe rack structure.
The pipe rack shall be constructed as modules with hook up spool between the two modules or
without hook up spools, based on the requirements as identified during detail design.
The use of flanges in piping transporting corrosive fluids in pipe racks shall be avoided wherever
possible.
Flanges and valves shall not be located on pipe racks at road crossing.
Vertical down comers alongside of pipe racks and other structures shall have a minimum clearance
of 300mm between the back of pipe and face of structure.
The foundation / pedestal for the pipe rack modules shall be based on the Civil and structural
design basis.
The minimum size of pipe running longitudinally on the pipe rack shall be NPS 2” except for
chemical injection lines.
6.7.4 Offsite piping

Wherever possible, offsite piping shall be in banks at grade and supported by concrete piers or
sleepers.
Where double pipe banks are required, steel columns and supports built up from concrete piers
or sleepers shall be used, as a minimum, adequate clearance between the two banks shall be
provided.
Where piping at grade is required to cross road, it shall pass through a buried pipe sleeve with a
minimum cover height of 450mm.When bunch of pipes are required to crossroad they shall pass
through pipe trenches.
The minimum height of concrete piers or sleepers shall be 300 mm.
Wherever possible, changes in directions shall be accomplished by flat turning.
6.7.5 Underground Piping

Underground piping shall be considered for:
· Drainage and Sewage.

· Fire water

Buried metallic piping shall have a minimum cover as follows.
· In areas accessible to traffic: 900 mm

· In areas inaccessible to traffic: 450 mm
Buried pipes passing under roads shall have protection as below.
· > 900 mm = No protection

· 600mm to 900 mm = Sleeves
· <600 mm =Concrete encasing
Buried metallic piping shall be suitably protected for corrosion with coating. The most common
method used is coating and wrapping by PE tape. The coating shall extend till the interface of AG.
Flanged joint shall be provided near the location of underground to above ground transition,
where the buried line is provided with cathodic protection, the flange joint shall have insulation
gasket.
Valves on buried lines shall be installed in valve pits. These valves shall be operated by one of the
following ways.
· Providing extended spindles (loose or permanent) so that the operation can be done from
the ground.
· Providing access /operating space to enter the pit and operating from inside.
Proper sealing shall be provided where pipes enter underground pits through openings in the pit
walls. In case of pipe flexibility is required at the openings, then adequate measures, such as
provision of flexible sealing material or expansion joints, shall be taken to allow necessary
movements.
Insulated lines shall not be buried. These shall be routed in concrete trenches.
For buried pipes operating at 60°C or below, there shall be clear distance of at least 300mm
between the pipe and any electrical or instrument cables.
For buried pipes which have impressed current cathodic protection, there shall be clear distance
of 600 mm between the pipe and any parallel running cables.
Thermal expansion of the piping shall be considered in design of underground piping.
Soil settlement and thermal expansion of the piping shall be taken into account in the design of
underground piping.

Piping shall be designed so that the complete system can be flushed and cleaned. (e.g. Dead ends
should be avoided)
Buried metallic piping shall be wrapped, coated and cathodically protected as per project
specification “Painting and Coating Specification Doc. SEP-OPE-GEN-P15-00007”.
For buried pipe systems where the emission of aromatic hydrocarbons and or/ toxic fluids is a HSE
concern, e.g. pollution of ground waters, bolted joints shall not be used. Valves in these piping
systems shall be installed in pits.
6.7.6 Road crossing

The pipes on road crossing shall be on pipe bridges or on culverts based on Company
requirements.
6.7.7 Sloping Pipes

Sloping pipes such as flare headers and drain lines, routing shall be established at an early stage in
the design period to prevent difficulties which may occur if other process and utility lines are
routed first.
Sloping lines shall be supported using standard shoes trimmed to suit or shimmed to suit for
smaller make up dimensions.
6.7.8 Pipe in Culverts

Pipe culverts shall be used for piping to / from the process area and shall be laid as per the plot
plan. The minimum depth of the pipe on the culvert shall be 800 mm. (Bottom of pipe).
6.7.9 Closed Drain Header

Drain headers within the skids shall be “Free Draining” towards the Main header and shall not be
sloped.
6.7.10 Open Drain System

Drains shall be slope as specified on the P&ID’s. For ODS system refer civil design basis.
6.7.11 De-Sand Drain System

De-sand lines shall be routed without any pockets. If pockets are unavoidable then flushing
connection shall be provided on either side of the pocket. This shall be bought to the notice of the
company for approval.

6.7.12 Module Piping

Piping shall be included in modules in a manner that ensures the completeness of piping and
instrumentation systems, whilst satisfying the operability requirements of the plant. Branch lines
and manifolds where possible shall be incorporated into respective modules to minimize field hook
up piping.
Module size and layouts shall be developed taking into account the client requirement for
transportation, the site master plan and construction requirements to allow for flexibility in
Module movement and installation. When routing pipework within modules ensure that the
envelope dimensions used for transportation and planning are not exceeded by the addition of
pipework, ladders or access platforms.
Modularization of pipe racks and units will entail greater attention to structural bracing locations
to avoid clashes. Where pipe rack modules connect, a short pup piece is welded into each line as
a closure.
Piping shall be routed to clear pad eyes and lifting slings.
Piping shall remain connected to all static equipment’s and piping systems and nozzles shall be
designed accordingly.
Interconnecting piping between modules shall only comprise piping and elbows with flanges
incorporated only where the module break has been extended to an appropriate flanged
connection. Pipe supports on these hook-up spools shall be kept to a minimum in line with project
standards and wherever possible the module steel shall be used to gain support to negate
additional steel to grade.
Temporary pipe supports shall be minimized and tie-downs adorn/ lashings during sea transport
shall be provided if required by the stress analysis.
Cuts for module separation should be at locations where headers or piping is running
perpendicular to the module so that these piping can be installed by minimizing field welding.
Insulation and tracing terminate 450mm clear of field welds.
Piping routing must be developed completely inside the frame of the module, no installation of
piping must be performed at site inside of the module structural frame, the use of scaffolding at
site has to be minimized.
If one skid is segregated to multiple levels due to transportation limitation, in that case line
interface from upper skid to lower skid deck shall be provided with welded or flanged joint

6.7.13 Module / Package Numbering

Packages shall be assigned an overall package number wherever applicable. The modules /
packages are numbered as shown below: -
NA-XXXZ
Z-* Splice Section (A,B, C etc)

XXX- Skid/Module serial number.
A- Package Code.
(A - Package)
(M - Skid / Module)
(OFF – Off skid)
(PF – Platforms)
N- Train no. / Unit No.
(0- Common Pkg.)
(1 – Train 1) etc.
*-Applicable only for Multi tier Skids/Modules.
6.8 Valves
6.8.1 Accessibility and Installation

All valves requiring operation during normal or emergency conditions shall be accessible from
ground level. Valves hand wheels shall be located above the grade / platform as shown.
Isolation valves shall preferably be accessible from ground level. However, if this is not possible,
valves shall be positioned such that access from maintenance platforms is obtained. Fire water
ring main isolation valves shall always be accessible from ground level.
Pressure relief devices (relief valves, rupture discs) shall be accessible and installed for easy
removal. Relief valves shall be installed with the stem in the vertical position. Other valves may be
tilted as long as the stem is above horizontal position.

The order of precedence in the orientation of hand wheels is as follows:
· Vertical, valve stem up

· Horizontal
· At 45º stems up.
Valves operated by a lever and fitted with locking device shall be installed horizontally with the
stem in the vertical position to avoid gravity movement of the handle bar.
Gate valves in relief and flare services shall be installed with the stem downward in case if access
is not available with the stem in vertical position.
In the event of two block valves being used as a double block and bleed arrangement, the layout
shall be designed in a manner that the valves are as close as possible to each other.
Gate valves in fouling services shall be positioned with stem oriented in horizontal. This is to
mitigate closing difficulties when bottom cavities get filled with solids / dirt’s.

Valves that are only required to isolate equipment for maintenance purpose for complete or
partial plant shut down may be accessible from portable platform or ladder.
Chain operated valves to be used on approval of the company only.
The minimum distance between the handwheels and any obstruction shall be 100mm.
Valve stems and handles shall not be project into passage ways and become obstruction.
Valves of size 3” and below may be operated from fixed ladder.
Grating shall be provided only inside skids where ever access is required.
6.8.2 Check Valves

Check valves may be installed in horizontal wherever possible and shall be installed in vertical lines
providing the flow is upwards. Draining of the downstream side shall be provided.
6.8.3 Control Valves

Control valves shall be located as near as possible to the relevant equipment to which they apply
and where possible along stanchions, columns, tower skirts. Suitable areas where control valves
may also be located are alongside walkways, working areas and other aisles, providing no
obstructions such as valve stems extended into walkways occurs.
Control valves operated by a local controller unit, shall be located within the visual range of the
controller to enable the operation of the valve to be observed while adjustments are made on the
controller.
When an increase in line size is required downstream, the control valve shall be located as close
to the reducer as possible. where control valves are less than in size, the reducers shall be placed
adjacent to the valve. Spools or reducers between flanged block and control valves shall be made
long enough to permit bolt removal.
Where high pressure drop conditions exist across control valves, sonic harmonics together with
extreme noise levels can be expected, piping subjected to these conditions must be carefully
evaluated and designed to ensure that its size and configuration downstream of the valve prevents
transmission of excessive vibration and noise.
Supports at control valves shall be such that assembly is self-supporting when the valve is
removed.
Control valve and their actuator shall have sufficient clearance (refer recommendation of vendor)
to permit their removal for maintenance.

6.8.4 Relief / Blow Down Valves

Relief valves shall be installed in a vertical position as close to protect equipment as practicable to
avoid long inlet leads.
Relief valve discharge lines and blow down valve lines shall be self-draining into flare header, or
direct to atmosphere at a safe location if permitted. Inlet leads shall drain back to source
When relief valves discharge to atmosphere, the elevation at the top of the discharge line shall
typically be 3M above all adjacent equipment and platforms. This is to keep adjacent equipment
outside plume area.
Relief/ Blow down valve discharging to flare system shall be installed so as to prevent liquid being
trapped on the outlet side of the valve. All relief lines and headers shall be designed to eliminate
pockets.
Relief / blow down valve headers shall slope towards the knock out drum, taking into account
anticipated ground topology. Pockets are to be avoided.
Unless specifically noted on the P&ID, all branch connections on relief and blow down systems
shall be at 90° to the pipe run a weep hole shall be drilled through the underside of the discharge
line at the lowest elevation.
Relief valves must be arranged on platforms and spaced to allow adequate access to individual
valves. To enable maintenance relief valves shall have isolating valves upstream, downstream and
on the bypass lines of the relief valve as shown on the P&ID.
Suitable pipe supporting arrangement shall be considered for pipes around relief valve to arrest
any reaction forces due to relief valve pop up.
Thermal relief valves (TSV) protected blocked-in piping or equipment shall discharge to a suitable
drain or closed blowdown system.
6.9 Vents, Drains and Sample Connections
6.9.1 General
Vents and drains exclusively used for hydrostatic pressure testing or shut down / start up shall be
provided if those showed on the P&IDs are not sufficient / suitable. If long connections are
required e.g. due to thick insulation on main pipe, the line shall be properly supported, braced.

6.9.2 Vents and Drains for Operational use

Operational vents and drains shall be provided as per P&ID’s.
Drain lines shall be run to the nearest drain, avoiding walking areas. Open drains shall be located
such that discharge may be observed. Open pipe ends shall extend well into tundishes to avoid
spillage.
6.9.3 Vents and Drains for Hydrostatic pressure Testing

Hydrostatic test vents and drains shall be provided at all high and low points of piping (where
process vents and drains not provided) for shop, site and operational testing.
Hydro test vent and drains shall be plugged or flanged with a blind.Drain / vent details shall be as
per project piping design standard Doc. AGP-GPS-ANOGP-Z19-0403-001.
Hydrostatic test vents are not required for piping below 1 ½”.
Drain shall be located so that there is sufficient free space underneath to install temporary
facilities to discharge the drained liquid.
Vent and drain lines shall be as short as possible. Vent and drain connection shall be taken from
top and bottom.
Process connection available for instruments, special items and inline instrument can be used for
hydrostatic vent and drain.
6.9.4 Sample Points

All sample connections shall be designed with capability to flush through test lines and containers
before samples are taken.
Sample connections shall be provided to the extent as shown in the P&ID.
Samples should be taken from a vertical pipe where possible; where this is not possible:
· For gaseous products in horizontal pipes, sample take off connections shall be installed at the
top of the pipe.
· For liquid products in horizontal pipes, sample take off connections shall be installed at the
side of the pipe.
· For Mixed phase services sample shall be taken by means of quills.
Sample take off connections shall not be located at dead ends of piping and be easily accessible
and should be at ground level. However, sample pipes shall be as short as possible as and not
longer than 8m. If a short sample take off pipe cannot be fitted, a closed loop shall be provided.

The closed loop shall be a connection to the same process stream, at different pressure. The loop
shall be provided with block valves at the connections with the process pipe.
Permanent access at grade shall be provided for manual sample points. In exceptional
circumstances platform accessible by stairs shall be provided. There should be escape routes for
personnel, where practicable. Avoid locating liquid sample points in particular above grade.
7 EQUIPMENT PIPING
7.1 General
Piping connected to equipment shall be designed, so that any forces or moments caused by
thermal expansion, dead, dynamic and operating loads shall be considered; do not exceed the
limits specified by the manufacturer. Auxiliary piping shall be neatly routed along the equipment
base plate and shall not extend across the operating floor. The piping shall not obstruct any items
which require access for operation and maintenance.
Piping configuration at equipment shall be designed and supported so that equipment can be
dismantled or removed without adding temporary supports or dismantling valves and piping other
than removing spool pieces or reducers adjacent to equipment. Clearances shall permit installing
blind flanges or reversible spades on block valves on hazardous fluids or high-pressure lines. Break
out spools shall be as short as possible. All piping connections shall be flanged or else that specified
by equipment vendor.
In the design of piping for rotating equipment provision shall be made for sufficient flexibility
without the use of flexible couplings and expansion bellows.
Where ground pipe supports are required at pumps, compressors or turbines, they shall be
supported on integral extensions of the equipment support structure and not be anchored to
equipment base plate. This requirement shall apply to resilient as well as fixed supports, guides
and anchors.
Provision shall be made for the isolation of equipment with blinds or the removal of spool pieces
for pressure testing and maintenance.
Piping shall be balanced through the use of spring supports and other supports to minimize the
load exerted on the compressor nozzles. The same is applicable for nozzle of large centrifugal
pumps.

7.2 Pumps, Compressors and Turbines
7.2.1 Pumps
For horizontal pumps/ compressors where process, safety and layout constraint allow, pumps.
Compressors should be oriented with motor end towards the access way for ease or
maintenance/hoisting access and to reduce risks associated with potential leaks.
Pumps shall not be installed beneath equipment containing flammable or combustible fluids.
Adequate access for maintenance shall be provided around the pumps. When vertical pumps are
installed, there should not be any overhead obstruction for removable of pumps or to crane boom
to lift the pumps.
Suction lines shall be as short as possible and designed without pockets where vapor or gas can
collect. Where possible the piping shall be self-venting to the suction source. The suction line shall
be checked to ensure that the NPSH available (Net Positive Suction Head) fulfils the relevant pump
requirements, including recommended margin.
Eccentric reducers shall be used in horizontal runs. If there is a possibility for air or gas pockets,
the flat side shall be mounted up. Concentric reducers shall be used in vertical piping.
To minimize the unbalancing effect of liquid flow entering double suction centrifugal pumps,
vertical elbows are preferred adjacent to suction flanges. If the requirement cannot be met, the
elbows in piping shall be at least 5 pipe diameters upstream of the pump suction flanges with the
following qualifications:
Where no reducer is employed between the pump flange and the elbow, a straight run at least 5
pipe diameters long shall be provided.
Valves in pump discharge lines shall be located as close to the pump nozzles as possible.
All valves adjacent to pumps shall be accessible for hand operation without use of chains or
extension stems. Hand wheels and stems shall not interfere with the operational passageways or
the removal of pumps.
Suction piping shall be designed to enable strainers to be easily installed or removed without
springing the pipe. The strainer body shall be equipped with drain connection where applicable;
pumps are to comply with API 610 allowable loads unless vendor allowable nozzle loads have been
submitted. The pump nozzle loads shall be qualified at operating temperatures as per API 610.

It is recommended that the pipe support immediately near the horizontal suction nozzle to be
adjustable support, when pumps are located in offskid. Adjustuble supports will not be used if
pumps are located inside the skid.
Check valves in discharge line shall be preferably be in the horizontal position and upstream of
block valve.
The length of the straight pipe from the last elbow to the suction nozzle shall be sufficient to
ensure minimum turbulence at the pump suction. The minimum length, which shall not include
any reducer, strainer, or stop-flow valve, shall be as stated below:
TYPE OF PUMP POSITION OF SUCTION PIPING MINIMUM STRAIGHT LENGTH

in same plane as pump shaft 1.5 D *
Vertical close- coupled
perpendicular to pump shaft 4D
Single suction, not applicable 4D
end suction type at top of pump 4D

perpendicular to pump shaft 3D
Double suction any position other than

5D
perpendicular **
* For vertical close coupled pumps with 1.5 D straight length, eccentric reducers (bottom flat) are
preferred.
** It shall be studied how unequal flow to the impeller eye can best be avoided. The advice of the
pump Manufacturer should be sought in this respect.
7.2.2 Compressors and Turbines

Piping shall be routed to provide clearance for overhead maintenance requirements and provided
with removable spool pieces when shown on P&ID’s.
Valves and instrumentation shall be arranged for startup and shut down convenience
In order to prevent transmission of vibrations to a compressor house, compressor piping shall not
be supported or connected to the building structure.
In order to avoid a fire hazard, lubricating oil, control oil and seal oil pipes shall not be routed in
the vicinity of hot process or hot utility pipes. Lube and seal oil consoles shall be located adjacent
to and at a minimum distance from the compressor. Oil return lines from the compressor and

driver shall have a minimum slope of 40mm per meter to the inlet connection of seal traps,
degassing tanks, and/or oil reservoir.
When locating compressors, consideration must be given to accessibility, maintenance and loss
prevention requirements.
Suction and discharge piping on bottom entry installations should preferably be run close to grade
to facilitate supporting and provide maximum possible straight run for inlet piping. Do not support
the compressor piping from the compressor foundation structure.
Heavy parts such as upper or inner casing and rotor shall be accessible to mobile/hoisting
equipment
Full platforming at operating level shall be provided to maintain and operate the compressor.
All operating valves must be readily accessible preferably from grade. Group compressor block
valves with hand wheels facing in one direction where possible.
Correct alignment is more easily achieved if adequate field fit up welds are allowed in spools
connecting to machine cases.
Avoid branch connections in headers mid-way between supports; locate them close to a support
whenever possible. Make branch connections in the top of the headers to avoid liquid carry over.
Temporary strainers must be fitted between the block valve and the inlet nozzle on all suction lines
mesh size to be as per the vendor recommendations.
The suction pipe between a knock-out drum and the compressor shall be as short as practicable,
should have no pockets and should slope down towards the knock-out drum
Suction line silencers, where required shall be located as close to the compressor suction
connection as possible according to the compressor manufacturer’s instructions.
Flow straightening devices to reduce the required straight length of compressor inlet piping, such
as vanned elbows or other piping internals may be used only with the approval of the OWNER.
If two or more compressors are combined, their suction pipes should enter at the top of the
header, except that suction pipes at least one pipe size smaller than the header may enter at the
side of the header.
Piping for steam turbines shall be designed to permit steam-blowing up to the inlet and outlet
flanges of the turbine before start-up.

Steam vents shall be routed to a safe location and shall not be combined with any lubricating oil,
seal oil or process vents
Excessive vibration of piping connected to reciprocating compressors shall be avoided. A pulsation

study shall be carried out according to API 618 to determine the optimum support location. Results
of the study shall be submitted to the Owner for approval
7.3 Diesel Engine

Pipework shall not be run directly over diesel engines, exhaust piping or any position where leaking
fuel oil can impinge on hot parts. The pipework should not be supported by hanger type of
supports.
The fuel oil header shall not be “dead ended” to simplify cleaning / purging. Also, the fuel return
line shall be as per the equipment vendor requirements.
Where a positive static head is required from the day tank, the minimum operating level shall be
300mm above inlet of the injection pump.
The drain line from the day tank shall be positioned so that the drain line outlet into the main drain
is visible from the drain valve position.
7.4 Heaters
If possible, the process piping equipping a heater shall be laid out symmetrically so that the
pressure drops of the various passes are equivalent. The layout shall consider the various
operating cases (decoking operation, reduced production, starting up etc.). Also, the problems
related to the flexibility of piping and movements; the resulting forces and moments are to be
taken into consideration.
The piping must not obstruct the disassembly hatches, nor interfere with the withdrawal or
dismantling of soot sweepers and blowers and other apparatus with which the heaters are
equipped.
The adjustment valves on the fluid fed to the burners shall be placed closed to the observation
windows so that they can be operated while observing the setting of the flame.
When heaters are equipped with a steam snuffing system, the valves controlling the system shall
be grouped together behind a fire wall and preferably installed on control room side.
Space and access shall be allowed for the pulling of tubes of the heaters which will be performed
by mobile machine.

7.5 Vessels and Towers

Tower piping shall be oriented and arranged in conjunction with the trays, nozzle and platform
requirements. Piping shall be positioned to allow interconnection with the pipe rack and other
related equipment.
Piping at columns shall be oriented radially about this column and facing the pipe way side.
Manways shall be located on the access side and shall be kept clear of piping and instruments. The
piping shall be kept clear of man way drop out areas.
Tower piping shall be routed with adequate flexibility to accommodate tower and line growth for
the identified design conditions.
Platforms shall be provided for access to valves, instruments, blinds and man ways. Where
possible, piping shall be grouped to simplify supporting. Adequate space shall be allowed between
adjacent lines and between lines and the vessel shell to allow installation of pipe supports and
insulation where possible.
Vessel piping shall be designed in such a way that man way and platforms shall be located on the
access side.
Vertical vessels or Towers that have removable internals, packing or requiring loading or unloading
of catalyst shall have a paved dropout area located at grade directly beneath or in line with vessel
manhole or davits. The area shall have un obstructed access to roads and maintenance to access.
Platforms shall be provided at manways above 4.5 m centerline elevation from the highest point
of finished surface. Platforms shall be positioned such that the manhole centerline is not less than
750mm and not more than 1050 above the platform. Preferred height shall be 750mm.
Adjacent columns may be provided with combined platforms at common elevations whenever
possible.
If block valves shall be connected directly or close to the vessel nozzle, the valves shall be
accessible from the ground, ladder or an operating platform.
Vessel drain valves shall be located so an operator can observe the liquid level gauge while
manually adjusting the valve.
Vertical lines running down columns or vessels shall have a minimum 600mm clearance from the
outside of the shell to back of pipe.
Valves and flanges shall not be located inside the vessel skirts.

Davits for handling internals, relief valves, etc. shall be provided for vessels not accessible by
mobile crane. Davits shall be oriented to allow the lowering of appurtenances in the drop pout
areas.
Vertical nozzles adjacent to or passing through platforms shall be elevated such that face of flange
is clear of the kick plates and the flange bolt nuts below the bottom flange can be removed.
The Horizontal vessels shall be laid perpendicular to pipe rack and shall be placed minimum 3m
away from pipe rack. The clearance between adjacent horizontal vessel shall be minimum 2m or
800mm clear aisle.
7.6 Storage Tanks

Tank Farms are generally located remote from Process Areas, Utility Areas and Buildings because
of their large size and hazard. Large fires can spread quickly within Tank Farms because of poor
spacing, diking, drainage, or layout.
The number of pipelines in the tank dyke shall be kept minimum and shall be routed in the shortest
practicable way to main pipe track outside the tank dyke, with adequate allowance for expansion.
Within one tank dyke the piping connected to that tank shall only be routed.
Manifolds shall be located outside the tank dyke & by the side of the roads, easily accessible by
the walkway.
Special consideration shall be given as regards to spacing of nozzles while installing special item
like hammer blind, MOV etc.
Design piping around tank inside dike basically as sleeper piping. For piping on a sleeper, arrange
utility piping in the middle and on both sides, arrange process piping connected on tank to the side
with corresponding tank.
Design that piping so that it does not penetrate dike as possible except pump suction pipe. Pump
suction pipe that penetrates dike should be flexible so that heavy load by thermal expansion does
not influence pump nozzle.
Pipes connected to tanks shall be sufficiently flexible to cope with thermal Expansion/contraction,
tank settlement, the outward movement of the shell and the inclination of nozzles under
hydrostatic load.
The first pipe support shall be located sufficiently far away from the tank to prevent damage to
lines and tank connections owing to settling of newly erected tanks, and the thermal expansion of
the vertical pipe leg. The distances indicated in below table may be used as a guide. If tank
settlement above an acceptable limit is expected, precautions shall be taken to cope with this

settlement (e.g. by using loops / spring hangers or expansion joints). These expansion joints should
be used only in services where the fluid properties are such that plugging of the bellows cannot
occur. They should be anchored and guided, should not be subjected to torsional loads, and should
be capable of ready inspection.
Pipe size Distance between tank and first support

DN 100 (NPS 4) and smaller 5m (16 ft)
DN 150 (NPS 6) 6m (20 ft)
DN 200 (NPS 8) 7m (23 ft)
DN 250 (NPS 10) 8m (26 ft)
DN 300 (NPS 12) 9m (30 ft)
DN 350 (NPS 14) 10m (33 ft)
DN 400 (NPS 16) 10m (33 ft)
DN 450 (NPS 18) 10m (33 ft)
DN 500 (NPS 20) and larger 12m (40 ft)
Piping shall be connected to Tank Nozzles and supported after hydrostatic testing of the tank.
There shall be access to manholes, mixing nozzles, drains and other facilities on the tanks. Small
bore utility piping required for more than one tank may be routed along an interconnecting
overhead walkway, if available.
Manways shall be oriented to provide free ventilation through the tank. Shell man ways shall be
oriented on the opposite side of the roof man ways.
Maintenance of the tanks shall be facilitated by providing the following.
· Cranes shall be able to access tanks from outside the bund wall.
· Piping around the tanks shall be routed such that there is clear access to one side of each
tank.
Tank settlement, outward movement of the shell and nozzle inclination under full liquid load
conditions shall be taken into account when calculating bending moments and forces on tank
nozzles. Piping connected to storage tank nozzles shall be provided with isolation valves.
The combined effects of settlement and tank bulge may suggest supporting the piping on springs.
The use of springs shall be limited due to the possibility of the line becoming drained and an
excessive upward load being applied to the tank nozzle.

Differential settlement at tanks is particularly important and data shall be obtained prior to the
design of piping and this shall provide the:
· Amount of settlement (and recovery) that will occur following construction and hydro test.
· Amount of settlement after hydro test and period of time over which it will occur.
Pipes passing through earthen walls shall be protected against external corrosion.
Pipes passing through concrete shall be routed through sleeves to allow for expansion of the Line.
7.7 Custody Meters

Metering units shall be located at grade level near the roads and accessible from any side for
operation and maintenance. Considering the high congestion and potential sources of release, no
equipment and Pipe Rack are allowed above the metering units. This equipment are expensive to
replace hence these are generally located away from credible sources of fire.
7.8 Launcher and Receiver Stations

Launchers and Receivers are generally grouped together close to the fence and preferably lined
up along the primary roads to allow easy maintenance and provide adequate access for
firefighting. These are oriented such as any failure of pig trap could not affect the integrity of the
installation, and doors shall not be oriented towards adjacent critical equipment, main access way
or a traffic path to avoid the threat of projectiles in case of a closure failure. Impact wall shall be
provided behind the receiver so as to protect adjacent facilities from projectiles. For pigging
operations, adequate space shall be maintained between the receiver closure end and impact wall.
7.9 LPG Storage and Piping
7.9.1 General
LPG storage vessels shall be located downwind of process units, important buildings and facilities.
Bullets should not point towards other vessels, vital process equipment and control room.
Height of bullets should be such as to permit free flow of air below the vessel.
There shall be no depressions, large ditches and low-lying areas around LPG storage as the leaked
gas can accumulate, being heavier than air.
Access for mobile firefighting equipment should be provided from two sides upwind of the vessels.
Plants should be serviced by primary roads adjacent to processing units, utility plants, materials
handling and loading unloading areas. Secondary roads should be provided between process units,
utility plants and offsite area for maintenance and firefighting access.

Grading: Concrete flooring of the ground shall be provided under the vessel. The floor shall have
a slope of 1:100 (Min.) so as to direct spillage to a shallow sump away from the sphere.
The size and depth of the foundation shall be designed to limit settlement of the vessel to prevent
excessive stresses in the tank and connected piping.
7.9.2 Nozzle Connections

The number of nozzles on vessels, particularly below the liquid level, shall be minimized.
Nozzles to which product transfer piping, product drains and pressure relief systems are connected
shall be at least DN 50 (NPS 2).
Flanges in piping under vessels shall be avoided for safety reasons (flame impingement in the event
of fire).
7.9.3 Piping
Only piping directly associated with the storage vessels shall be located within the storage area.
Product pipes in the storage area shall be as short as possible, preferably above ground and, where
appropriate, protected against collision/impact. The number of connections to the storage vessel
should be minimized.
The routing of piping shall be designed to minimize pipe contents and thereby reduce the potential
hazard.
Process piping shall be not less than DN 50 (NPS 2). Threaded connections shall not be used.
Pipes shall be adequately supported, and provisions shall be made for expansion, contraction and
vibration.
Expansion bellows shall not be used.
Freeze protection shall be considered for all drain lines and potential water collection points.
Abnormal operating conditions, such as might occur during abnormally cold weather, should be
considered where water might collect and freeze protection is needed.
When a storage facility handles more than one type of product, dedicated loading and unloading
lines between tanks and racks shall be considered for each type of product.

7.10 Heat Transfer Equipment
7.10.1 Shell and Tube Exchangers

Equipment shall be where possible supported at or near to grade to permit maximum use of
mobile equipment for maintenance. Mobile equipment will be used for handling parts and pulling
bundles of exchangers.
Valves shall not be located directly on top of channel nozzles, to avoid obstructing the removal of
channel ends. Spool pieces shall be provided to facilitate the tube pulling and maintenance.
All piping around shell and tube exchangers should allow for bundle removal and easy
maintenance of exchanger. Sufficient space shall be kept between adjacent HEX inlet and outlet
valve manifolds.
The fixed and sliding saddle of the horizontal shell and tube heat exchanger shall be decided in
such a way that helps releasing the expansion / contraction of the connected piping.
Single shell exchangers may be grouped in pairs with the minimum maintenance access between
tube sheets, but clear access way shall be provided between adjacent pairs of heat exchangers.
Exchangers shall be located with the channel nozzle away from the pipe way to facilitate tube
bundle removal.
The tube bundle pulling, and maintenance area shall be kept free in front of the header boxes /
channels. The area shall be determined as tube length plus 1 meter.
Piping shall be arranged to permit easy removal of shell covers, channels, and tube bundles. The
piping shall be provided with removal spools and be adequately supported such that bundles can
be removed without the use of additional supports.
Piping for exchangers in parallel service shall be designed for equal pressure drop.
Special care shall be taken with Plate and frame type exchangers to minimize the loads applied to
the exchanger. Loads shall be within the applicable code or Exchanger vendor’s allowable loads.
7.10.2 Reboiler
Reboilers shall be located next to the tower they serve except fired heater type. The elevation of
reboiler shall be as given in the P&IDs. Horizontal thermosiphon exchangers are located at a
minimum elevation. Vertical thermosiphon types are usually supported by the tower and are
located away from rack so that it is accessible for maintenance. Large vertical types may require
an independent supporting structure that cannot be supported from the tower/column. Reboiler
piping shall be checked for pressure drop before finalization. For vertical reboilers adequate space

to be kept so that there should be no obstruction for bundle pulling/rodding. Suitable swinging
type davit of adequate capacity to be provided for removal/handling of the cover flange of vertical
reboiler.
7.10.3 Air Fin Coolers

Access shall be provided for operation and maintenance of tube bundles, fans, motors etc...
For safety reasons, no flanges in hydrocarbon lines shall be located directly under the air fin
coolers.
Adjacent air coolers shall have a similar intake elevation.
Pumps should not be placed below the air fin coolers.
Air coolers may be supported above pipe racks or be free standing with 3.5 m clearance from
grade.
Air fin structures are not to be used as pipe supports without approval from the vendor.
Unobstructed crane maintenance access shall be provided for removal of tube bundles.
Air cooler shall be provided with walkways / platforms to service valving, fan motors and
instruments.
On forced draft cooler, platforms to access motors shall be sized and positioned such that the
motors can be lowered onto platform and trolley to a single drop-out area. Minimum access
clearances shall be maintained alongside of the motor on at least one side.
Platforms shall be provided to access header boxes for removal of covers and plugging of tubes.
Removal spools shall be provided in the piping as require to permit lifting of tube bundles for
maintenance.
All piping to Air fin coolers shall be sufficiently flexible to accommodate nozzle displacements;
particularly at sliding end headers. Piping shall be appropriately supported to meet vendor nozzle
loads. For all multi bundle air fin coolers, inlet lines shall be closed coupled (minimum piping).
Outlet lines shall be close coupled where the air fin cooler has a split header box arrangement. For
non-split header boxes (ie. inlet and outlet header is one fabrication), the piping shall be designed
with sufficient flexibility to meet vendor allowable nozzle loads. The header piping will be solid
supported.

Air fin cooler piping design shall be conformed as acceptable in accordance with stress analysis
procedures. Allowable nozzle stresses used in calculations shall be agreed with the air fin cooler
vendor prior to calculations.
7.11 Additional Requirements Related to Piping System
7.11.1 Air Piping

Branch lines from the plant air or instrument air headers shall be taken from the top of the header.
Block valves are required for each branch and shall be positioned local to the user.
Air piping shall have self-draining provision at all low points for the collection of condensates.
Instrument air headers and manifolds shall not be dead ended but supplied with blind flanges for
cleaning and maintenance.
7.11.2 Piping for Instruments

Instruments requiring access during normal operation shall be accessible from a fixed ladder or
platform.
Instrument connection shall be oriented so that instrumentation does not obstruct aisles, ladders
or platforms, whilst still being accessible.
Those Dial type Instruments with local reading shall be oriented for easy reading and monitoring
from a safe accessible location from grade, platform, ladder.
Level instrument and their isolation valves, vent/drain valves shall be accessible either from grade,
platform or ladders. Minimum 800mm clearance below the orifice tapings required for liquid
service.
Level gauge glasses at vessels shall be visible wherever possible from the valve which controls the
level in the vessel.
Orifices shall be installed in horizontal lines wherever possible. If installed in vertical lines, flow
shall be upward for liquids and downward for gases.
When determining the elevation of flow orifice, it shall be noted that for gas service, the
transmitter shall be located above the orifice taps and for liquid service it shall be below the taps.
Flow meters except Rota meters should be located in the horizontal line. Permanent access not
required if orifice plates are located no more than 4.0 m vertically above grade level or 2.5m above
a permanent platform.

Sufficient upstream and downstream straight length pipe shall be provided for the flow meter
piping as per vendor recommendation.
The requirement of air volume bottles for control valves and shut down valves shall be identified
and shall be suitably located near the instrument.
The minimum pipe size for thermo well installation is NPS 4” except where installation is in a NPS
3” elbow or tee at a change of direction. Piping smaller than NPS 4” shall be locally swaged up to
NPS 4”.
Location, orientation and accessibility of thermo wells shall take account of withdrawal space
required for the instrument.
7.11.3 Utility Stations

Utility stations if required shall be provided as required for air, water and nitrogen. Each station
shall be numbered and located in the general working areas at ground level.
Different types of couplings shall be used for different Utility services, but quick release connect
coupling for all utility line are more advisable to use, for easy engagement / dis engagement.
Utility air piping for the utility stations should be branched from the top of the headers and utility
water shall be branched from the bottom of the pipe header.
Where utility hose stations are specified they should be located so that all points of use in the area
can be reached by 15m long hoses. Each type of utility medium shall be provided with a dedicated
type of hose with quick coupling type connection to prevent contamination and inadvertent
connection to the wrong utility medium.
The permanent ends of quick coupling connectors shall be oriented downward direction to
prevent accidental injury to operating personnel. It shall be supported adequately to absorb the
forces during the connection and disconnection of hoses.”.
7.11.4 Pressure Relief Piping

Piping to pressure relief valve inlet shall be as short as possible.
When relief valves discharge to safe location, the elevation at the top of the discharge line shall
be minimum 3m above all adjacent equipment and platforms. This is to keep adjacent equipment
outside plume area. A weep hole shall be drilled through the underside of the discharge line at the
lowest elevation.
Relief valves discharging to a flare system shall be sloped towards header and relief valve inlet to
be sloped towards the protecting equipment so as to prevent liquid being trapped on the outlet

side of the valve. All relief lines and headers shall be designed to eliminate pockets, but if a relief
valve is located at a lower elevation than the header, an automatically operated drain valve shall
be installed at the valve outlet and piped to a collecting vessel or closed drain.
Relief valve headers shall slope towards the knock-out drum, taking into account anticipated
ground topology. Pockets are to be avoided, but where a pocket is unavoidable, some approved
means of continuous draining for the header shall be incorporated.
Relief valves must be on board of platform and adequately spaced so as to allow access to
individual valves. To enable maintenance of relief valve isolation valves shall be provided on
upstream, downstream and on the bypass lines of relief valve.
Relief valves must be self-draining back to equipment
7.11.5 Utility System

Small branches for cooling and service water (DN 1 ½” and below) from the water header shall be
taken from the top of the header to avoid blockage. Larger branches may be taken from the top
or the bottom of the header to suit the specific layout requirements.
7.11.6 Fire Water Piping/Hydrants

The fire water piping and ring main and hydrants shall be designed and installed considering the
following but not limited to:
· The firewater ring main shall be typically underground piping systems meeting the maximum
fire water demand;
· The fire water ring main shall be externally coated as per “Specification for coating and
wrapping”. Piping shall be designed considering the severe stress during start-up and
shutdown of fire pumps, hose streams, deluge assembly-valves and hydrants etc.;
· Fire water mains shall not be installed passing under the buildings and heavy structures. No
new structures shall be made over the fire water ring mains.
· Where firewater mains may be extended in the future, blinded flange should be provided for
future connections;
· Hydrants shall be readily accessible from roads and located in such a way that possible
damage by traffic/any other type of mechanical impact shall be minimized. They shall be
provided with a crash barrier. The location shall not be within 2.0 m from curb of the road
and at least 10.0 m from road crossings, sharp road curves, buildings or other structure as
pipe rack etc. For process areas, the distance to the nearest hydrant shall not exceed 30.0 m.
Each hydrant shall be provided with a hard-paved grade.

7.12 Fittings
7.12.1 General
All piping fittings shall conform to the relevant code or standards listed in clause 5.
Branch connections shall conform to the requirements of” Piping Material Specification Doc. AGP-
GPS-ANOGP-Z21-0010”
Expansion bellows and flexible couplings shall not be used. If required client approval to be
obtained.
Where line clean out facilities is required on headers, a blind flange shall be provided to close the
end. Where no clean out is required and no future extension is expected, the line shall be closed
with a welded cap.
7.12.2 Line Blinds

Location of line blinds are indicated on P&ID’s.
Adequate space for swinging a spectacle blind, reinstalling and removing the blinds shall be
considered. Jackscrews shall be provided for spectacle blinds and their accessibility and
maintenance shall be considered (if needed, a special device such as lifting lugs should be
considered to allow for the installation of chain block and ratchet for example where maintenance
by mobile equipment is impractical).
Spectacle blinds shall not be used for Low Temperature Service, blind and spacer shall only be
used.
Spectacle blinds and spades shall be located so that they are accessible from ground level or from
platforms or walkways. The need for scaffolding shall be minimized.
For easier handling, spading points should not be installed in vertical piping; if this is unavoidable,
special precautions shall be taken to improve access and handling
Wherever possible, blind/spacer shall be located in horizontal runs.
Turning a spectacle blind requires all bolts except two to be, removed and a small opening to be
made between the flanges. A relatively large force is required to turn a large spectacle blind. A
spectacle blind cannot easily be turned using a crane or a hoisting device, and therefore the need
for cranes and hoisting facilities shall be avoided.

7.12.3 Galvanic Isolation Spools / Sets

Galvanic corrosion shall be prevented. Galvanic isolation sets shall be in accordance with the
project piping material specifications.
General criteria for prevention of galvanic corrosion in piping are as below.
· Piping to Piping dissimilar – Use Insulating gasket

· Piping to Equipment dissimilar – Use Insulating gasket
· Piping to Instrument connections(PI & TI) dissimilar – No insulating gasket
· Equipment to instrument dissimilar – No insulating gasket (Instruments are free standing and
do not have electrical continuity).
· AG / UG connection - Use Insulating gasket
7.12.4 Strainers
The P&ID’s will indicate whether a permanent or a temporary strainer shall be used to protect
equipment. The mesh size of the strainer shall be as per the pump / equipment manufacturer
recommendation. Easy removal and cleaning of filters shall be possible.
The strainer housing shall conform to the appropriate material classification for the service in
which it is installed. The housing of permanent strainers shall have either flanged ends or butt-
weld ends.
Butt-weld ends are preferred due to weight saving, especially for the larger sizes. The installation
of permanent strainers shall permit cleaning without dismantling the strainer housing or piping.
Break out spool to be installed in conjunction with temporary strainers. The strainer itself having
body drain and vent point.
Unless otherwise specified the following philosophy shall be applied
· NPS 4” & below Y – Type Strainer

· NPS 6” & above T – Type Strainer
7.12.5 Corrosion Coupon and Chemical injection

For combined corrosion coupon and injection monitoring points to be installed, the corrosion
access fittings should be located downstream of the injection points. The downstream access
fitting should be situated downstream of the injection by 5-10 pipeline diameters.
All new corrosion monitoring access fitting shall be installed at the 12'o / 6 ‘0 clock position in the
pipelines and the network piping as per the process requiements.

Requires 2500 (8-ft) clearance in a direct line along the axis of the access fitting from the bottom
of the pipe and adequate room for man oeuvre on at least on one side of a pipe should be allowed.
In Chemical injection, the TEE should be as short as practicable, but length should not be less than
100mm.
The tee pipe of the chemical injection access fittings should be oriented along the length of the
pipe to avoid accidental mechanical damages.
No chemical injection fittings should be within 75mm of any other element.
The space to install and remove retriever shall be considered in the layout which shall be 2.5 m
measured from the surface of the pipe. Refer “Piping Design Standard Doc. AGP-GPS-ANOGP-Z19-
0403-001”.
7.13 Piping Flexibility

The piping flexibility shall be obtained through the flexible pipe routing. Wherever necessary
expansion loops shall be provided.
Wherever possible expansion loops installed in a horizontal plane, shall offset vertical to clear
adjacent piping.
The stress analysis of the lines shall be carried out and all piping shall be adequately supported
(Anchors, Guides, Limit stops etc.) to prevent excessive stress from expansion, weight, wind or
other mechanical loadings.
Lines subjected to blow down, surge and or impulse loadings shall be identified by process
engineer and the layout & supports shall be designed to avoid high loadings and vibrations.
All piping systems shall be designed so that the loads and moments applied at the flanges of the
equipment such as pumps, compressors, air coolers and vessels shall not exceed the permissible
reactions for the equipment as specified by the manufacturers of the equipment.
The location of fixed and sliding end for horizontal vessels and heat exchangers shall be
determined by piping flexibility with the sliding end away pipe rack as preferred arrangement.
Cold pull shall not be used to reduce loads on pumps, compressors, air coolers and other
machinery.
Lines to be checked will be listed in the critical line list

The software package Caesar II shall be used for the computer analysis of piping systems. The
analysis shall be documented in the form of reports and issued as a part of project documentation.
Stress analysis shall be done in accordance with Piping Stress Analysis Design Basis.
Small bore connections are to be adequately braced /supported to arrest vibration.
7.13.1 Critical Piping

Where dynamic loading, minimal flow conditions, two phase flow, or other severe conditions
apply, piping shall be carefully designed and supported to ensure that there will be no excessive
stress, vibration, or noise. Dynamic loading may be expected when pulsating flow (such as at
reciprocating compressors), high velocity flow, flashing liquid, fluctuating temperature or pressure
or mechanical vibration (including wind) conditions exist.
7.14 Pipe Supports

Pipe supports shall be provided as required by good engineering practice and in accordance with
applicable pipe stress analysis requirements. Piping systems shall be routed, supported, anchored
or guided so that thermal expansion / contraction, vibration or movements due to earthquakes
and storms shall not result in stresses in piping in excess of those permitted by the piping design
code in order to prevent.
· Failure of piping components due to over stresses.

· Leakage of joints.
· Excessive loads and moments on connected equipment, anchors points, flanged connections.
Piping at equipment which may require to be removed for periodic maintenance, shall be designed
so that equipment and associated valves can be readily removed without the necessity of
temporary supports.
Pipe supports shall be as per “Pipe Support Standard Doc. AGP-GPS-ANOGP-Z11-0400-001 “.
7.15 Hoses
If hoses are used it shall be documented that they are suitable for the medium required pressure
and temperature. Hoses with associated couplings shall be marked in accordance with applicable
standards. Components should be designed so as to avoid being wrongly connected.
Hoses should be protected against damage from crushing/compression if their design will not
withstand such loads.
Hose connection to be designed to match the quick release couplings. All hoses and quick release
couplings are to be supplied by the same manufacturer.

7.16 Thermal Insulation of Piping, Equipment & Vessels

· Hot Insulation & Personnel protection
Insulation materials, application etc. shall be based on recommendations of “Insualtion
Specification Doc. AGP-GPS-ANOGP-Z05-0004”.
Piping and equipment’s Insulation thickness on piping shall be as per P&ID.
7.17 Painting
Painting materials, application etc. Shall be based on recommendations of Project “Painting and
Coating Specification Doc. SEP-OPE-GEN-P15-00007”.

8 SPACE REQUIREMENTS
TABLE :1 ACCESS TO EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTS
Type of Access Equipment
Operating valves at vessels – 3” (80 mm) nominal size and smaller.

Gauge glasses
Permanent
Local Gauges (Pressure, Temperature etc)
Ladder
Level instruments on towers & vessels.
Hand holes.
Operating valves at vessels – 4” (100 mm) nominal size and larger
Pressure Relief valves (Except Thermal relief valve)
Sampling points on all vessels / Analyser sample points
Actuated valves (ESDV, BDV, ON-OFF) & Control valves etc.
Inline Flow meters with integral transmitters
Platform
Manholes higher than 4.5m from grade
Process blinds
Clean out points
Heat exchanger units
Meter runs requiring certified calibration.
DP flow measuring elements (Orifice, V-Cone etc)
Restriction orifice
Check valves
Temperature elements (RTD/TC) without transmitter
No permanent Piping /Process isolation valve for remote Pressure/ Differential

access pressure (DP) instruments.
(By portable / High point vent and low point drains

temporary Header block valves in pipe rack
devices)
Utility branch isolation valves on pipe rack
Non- operating valves like tie-in valves
Transmitters (blind or indicating) of Pressure/Temperature/ level
instruments.
Inline Flow meters with remote transmitters

TABLE :2 ACCESS CLEARANCES

Min.Clearance
Item Description
(mm)
Width of Major Plant Road -1 8000

(11000 radius)
Width of Major Plant Road -2 6000
Roads (10000 radius)
(Primary access) Access Road width 4000
(7500 radius)
Width of shoulder on both sides 1000
Vertical Clearance 6000
Horizontal clearance for forklift and similar 1800
equipment.
Vertical clearance for forklift and similar equipment. 2400
Secondary Access
way Min. horizontal clearance between any obstruction 750
Maintenance aisle under Piperack (does not have to 3000(W) x
be in straight line) 3600(H)
Equipment/Building Clearance from equipment/buildings to battery limit. 2000
Battery limit Clearance from edge of Road to skids 7500
Max. level variance without intermediate step 300
Platforms Diameter of openings on platforms to be flange 50 + OD FLG
OD+50 or insulation OD+50 (whichever is larger) 50 + OD ins
Min. vertical clearance 2100

800
Min. Horizontal clearance
610(in skids)
Walkways
Min. Width between centerline of handrails 850
Max. horizontal walking distance to primary or 15000
axillary exit of dead-end platform
Max. length 8000
Max. vertical rise between landing platforms (single 6000 ~ 9000
run)
Max. allowable slope from vertical 15°
Ladders
Toe clearance from centerline of rung to obstruction 200
at the back of ladder
Max. Vertical rise - one flight 3000
Max. Stair width 1200
Stairs Max. landing width 1000
Min. free space between two adjacent handrails 280
Max. angle 38°

TABLE :3 MAINTENANCE CLEARANCES
Item Description Min. Clearance

(mm)
Horizontal clearances in front of manholes 900 or Manholes OD
whichever is larger
Manhole centerline elevation from platform 750 - 1050
Min. lateral clearance for manhole cover swing Allow for 120°
Manholes
Min. lateral clearance (1 side ) for manhole on top 800
/ head of vessels
Nozzles Min. distance from bottom of flange of top nozzle 100
and platform
Min. distance from platform and bottom nozzle of 300
equipment
Min. platform width on vertical vessel and towers 1000
Min. horizontal clearance at shell cover of heat 1200 on structure 1500

exchanger at grade
Min. horizontal clearance at channel end of heat 1200 on structure
Exchangers
exchanger 1000 + bundle at Grade
Min. passage way between paired exchangers of 800
vessels
Min. free space under drain valve 100
Drains
Clearance space between the bottom of flange 150
/ HPP /TOG
Piping Clear space between the face of flange and the 100
HPP / Grade level of U/G interface
Clearance under raised furnace floors (side 800
burners)
Furnaces
Clearance under raised furnace floors (bottom 2100
burner)
Min. vertical clearance over pumps and turbines 2400
Pumps from grade. 2100 (skid)
/ Min. operating aisle at driver end of pumps 1000
Turbines Clearance between horizontal pumps 1200
800 (skid)
Notes: -
1. The above clearances are indicative. Actual values shall be based on maintainability studies.
2. Small pumps may be located in pairs without access between them.
3. Where valves are located between exchangers access must be increased to normal
operational access.

9 ATTACHMENTS
ATTACHMENT :1 LINE SPLIT UP ARRANGEMENT


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ANOH Gas Processing Company Limited

Security Classification: Restricted

ANOH GAS PLANT PROJECT (AGPP)

PIPING DESIGN BASIS

Rev Date Description Issued by Checked by Approved by

Senthilkumar Magudapathi M Boddu Prasad

A01 17-JUL-19 Issued for Approval TSK MM BVP

GPS DOC NO. D1034-01-EL-BOD-0001

Document Title PIPING DESIGN BASIS PAGE 2 OF 47

ADDITIONAL APPROVAL / REVISION HISTORY TABLE

Party Name Sign Date

Revision No. Date of issue Reason for change

GPS DOC NO. D1034-01-EL-BOD-0001

Document Title PIPING DESIGN BASIS PAGE 3 OF 47

GPS DOC NO. D1034-01-EL-BOD-0001

Document Title PIPING DESIGN BASIS PAGE 4 OF 47

7.13 Piping Flexibility............................................................................................................ 40

GPS DOC NO. D1034-01-EL-BOD-0001

Document Title PIPING DESIGN BASIS PAGE 5 OF 47

ANOH Midstream Gas Processing Plant Plot is designed to accommodate up to 4 x 300Mmscf/d

GPS DOC NO. D1034-01-EL-BOD-0001

Document Title PIPING DESIGN BASIS PAGE 6 OF 47

GPS DOC NO. D1034-01-EL-BOD-0001

Document Title PIPING DESIGN BASIS PAGE 7 OF 47

5.1 Project Documents and Specifications

5.2 Codes and Standards

ASME B31.3 Process Piping

GPS DOC NO. D1034-01-EL-BOD-0001

Document Title PIPING DESIGN BASIS PAGE 8 OF 47

5.4 Order of Precedence

· Mandatory Nigerian Statutory and Regulatory Requirements

6 DESIGN AND LAYOUT

6.1 Overall Field Layout

The following requirements shall be governed by the Overall Field Layout: -

· The coordinates (local and UTM) and orientation.

GPS DOC NO. D1034-01-EL-BOD-0001

Document Title PIPING DESIGN BASIS PAGE 9 OF 47

Design life of facility shall be 20 years.

· Hazardous area classification

6.3 Key Considerations

GPS DOC NO. D1034-01-EL-BOD-0001

Document Title PIPING DESIGN BASIS PAGE 10 OF 47

6.4 Basis of Layout

· Modularization arrangement is applied to minimize area of surface facilities and to reduce

6.5 Separation of Facilities

GPS DOC NO. D1034-01-EL-BOD-0001

Document Title PIPING DESIGN BASIS PAGE 11 OF 47

6.6 Safety and Work Environment

6.7 Pipe Routing

Asbestos and any asbestos containing materials shall not be used.

6.7.2 General Design

GPS DOC NO. D1034-01-EL-BOD-0001

Document Title PIPING DESIGN BASIS PAGE 12 OF 47

Pipes 1 ½” and smaller shall be grouped together to simplify support design.

Piping Class breaks shall be considered with breakup flanges.

Dead ends in lines shall be avoided as far as possible.

6.7.3 Pipe racks

· The number of pipes to be accommodated

GPS DOC NO. D1034-01-EL-BOD-0001

Document Title PIPING DESIGN BASIS PAGE 13 OF 47

· The width available for the carrying pipes

· Steam and Exhaust steam main headers.