Mensuration

1. Enclose a greatest possible rectangular garden one side being the wall with fence of length
(i) 18𝑚, (ii) 25𝑚
[(i) 𝟒𝟎. 𝟓𝒎 , (ii) 𝟕𝟖. 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒎𝟐 ]
𝟐

2. Total length of the rope is 30𝑚.

Iso
(i) Find 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥,
(ii) Find Max 𝐴. 𝑥 𝑥
[(i) 𝒚 = 𝟑𝟎 − 𝟐𝒙, (ii) 𝟏𝟏𝟐. 𝟓𝒎𝟐 ]
𝑦

3. Total fencing is 30𝑚.

(i) Find 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥,
(ii) Find max area enclosed.
𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝒙
[(i) 𝒚 = , (ii) 𝟕𝟓𝒎𝟐 ]
𝟐
tee

4. Total fencing is 50𝑚.

(i) Find 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥,
(ii) Find max area enclosed.
𝟓𝟎 𝟒𝒙
[(i) 𝒚 = 𝟑
, (ii) 𝟏𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟓𝒎𝟐 ]

5. The sum of two numbers 𝑥 & 𝑦 is 8. Given 𝑃 = 𝑥𝑦,

(i) find 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥, (ii) find 𝑃 max.
[(i) 𝒚 = 𝟖 − 𝒙, (ii) 𝟏𝟔𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝟐]

6. Sum of 𝑥 & 𝑦 = 10 & 𝑆 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 . Find;

(i) 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥, (ii) 𝑆 Min.
[(i) 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎 − 𝒙, (ii) 𝟓𝟎𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝟐]

7. A piece of wire of 2𝑚 is bent to form the shape 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆𝑇.

(i) Find 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥, (ii) Show 𝐴 = 𝑥 − 𝑥 − 𝜋𝑥 ,
(iii) Find 𝑥 when 𝐴 is max, (iv) Find max area.
𝒙 𝝅
[(i) 𝒚 = 𝟏 − 𝟐 − 𝟒 𝒙, (iii) 0.56, (iv) 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝒄𝒎𝟐 ]

8. The diagram shows a window made from a rectangle with base 2𝑟 m and height ℎ m and a semicircle
of radius 𝑟 m. The perimeter of the window is 6m and the surface area is 𝐴m .

(a) Express ℎ in terms of 𝑟.

(b) Show that 𝐴 = 6𝑟 − 2𝑟 − 𝜋𝑟 .
(c) Find and .
(d) Find the value of 𝑟 for which there is a sta onary value of 𝐴.
(e) Determine the magnitude and nature of this sta onary value.
𝟏 𝟔 𝟏𝟖
[(a) 𝒉 = 𝟑 − 𝟐 𝒓(𝝅 + 𝟐), (c) 𝟔 − 𝟒𝒓, −𝟒 − 𝝅, (d) 𝟒 𝝅 , (e) 𝟒 𝝅 , max]
9. Figure shows a shape 𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹 of area 𝐴 cm2. In the shape,
𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐹 is a rectangle and 𝐷𝐸𝐹 is a semicircle with 𝐹𝐷 as diameter.
𝐵𝐹 = 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑦 cm and 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐹𝐷 = 2𝑥 cm.

The perimeter of the shape 𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹 is 30 cm.

(a) Find an expression for 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥.
(b) Show that 𝐴 = 30𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 𝜋𝑥 .
(c) Find, to 2 significant figures, the maximum value of A, jus fying that the value you have found is a max.
𝟏
[(a) 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟓 − 𝒙 − 𝟐 𝝅𝒙𝟐 , (c) 𝑨 = 𝟔𝟑] [May 13/P2/Q5]

10. (i) Show that the area, 𝐴 cm , of the trapezium

𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 is given by 𝐴 = (7 + 𝑥)√9 − 𝑥 .
(ii) Given that 𝑥 can vary, find the sta onary value of 𝐴.
[(ii) 𝟏𝟔√𝟐 or 𝟖√𝟖 or √𝟓𝟏𝟐

11. 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 is a trapezium in which 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑅𝑆 = 𝑥 cm and 𝑄𝑅 = 𝑦 cm.

Angle 𝑄𝑃𝑆 = angle 𝑅𝑆𝑃 = 60° and 𝑄𝑅 is parallel to 𝑃𝑆.

(i) Given that the perimeter of the trapezium is 60 cm,

express 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥.

(ii) Given that the area of the trapezium is 𝐴 cm , show that

√ ( )
𝐴= .

(iii) Given that 𝑥 can vary, find the value of 𝑥 for which 𝐴 has
𝟔𝟎 𝟑𝒙
sta onary value and determine the nature of this sta onary value. [(i) 𝒚 = , (iii) 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟓, max]
𝟐

12. Figure shows a solid cuboid 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹𝐺𝐻. 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑥cm,

𝐵𝐶 = 3𝑥cm, 𝐴𝐻 = ℎcm. The volume of the cuboid
is 540 cm3. The total surface area of the cuboid is 𝑆cm2.

(a) Show that 𝑆 = 6𝑥 + ,

Given that 𝑥 can vary,

(b) use calculus to find, to 3 significant figures,
the value of 𝑥 for which 𝑆 is a sta onary point. Jus fy that this value of 𝑥 gives a minimum value of 𝑆.

(c) Find, to 3 significant figures, the minimum value of 𝑆. [(b) 𝟒. 𝟗𝟑, (c) 𝟒𝟑𝟖]

13. Figure shows a rectangular box with length 5𝑥 cm,

width 2𝑥 cm and height ℎ cm. The box has a base but no top.
The volume of the box is 1000 cm3 and the
total external surface area of the box is 𝑆 cm2.

(a) Show that 𝑆 = 10𝑥 +

Given that 𝑥 can vary,

(b) find, to 3 significant figures, the sta onary value of 𝑆.

𝒅𝟐 𝑺
(c) Verify that your answer to part (b) given the minimum value of 𝑆. [(b) 𝟓𝟏𝟎 𝐜𝐦𝟐 , (c) = 𝟔𝟎 > 𝟎]
𝒅𝒙𝟐

14. A solid cuboid has volume 772 cm3. The cuboid has width 𝑥 cm, length 4𝑥 cm and height ℎ cm.
The total surface area of the cuboid is 𝐴 cm2.

(a) Show that 𝐴 = 8𝑥 + ,

(b) Find, to 3 significant figures, the value of 𝑥 for which 𝐴 is a sta onary point, jus fying that this value of 𝑥
gives a minimum of 𝐴.

(c) Find, to 3 significant figures, the minimum value of 𝐴. [(b) 𝟒. 𝟗𝟒, (c) 𝟓𝟖𝟔]

15. A solid paperweight in the shape of a cuboid has volume 15 cm3. The paperweight has a rectangular base
of length 5𝑥 cm and width 𝑥 cm and a height of ℎ cm. The total surface area of the paperweight is 𝐴 cm2.

(a) Show that 𝐴 = 10𝑥 + .

(b) Find, to 3 significant figures, the value of 𝑥 for which 𝐴 is a sta onary point, jus fying that this value of 𝑥
gives a minimum of 𝐴.

(c) Find, to 3 significant figures, the minimum value of 𝐴. [(b) 𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟏𝟔, min, (c) 𝟒𝟒. 𝟒]

16. Figure shows an open rectangular water tank with square base of side 𝑥 metres and height ℎ metres.
The volume of the tank is 𝑉 𝑚 and the total
external surface area of the tank is 15 𝑚 .

(a) Show that 𝑉 = 𝑥(15 − 𝑥 ).

Given that 𝑥 can vary,

(b) Find the sta onary value of 𝑉,

(c) Verify that your answer to part (b) does give a maximum value for 𝑉. [(b) 5.59]

17. A rectangular sheet of card measures 80 cm by 40 cm.

A square of side 𝑥 cm is cut away from each corner of
the card as shown in Figure. The card is then folded along the
do ed lines to form an open box. The volume of the box is 𝑉 cm3.

(a) Show that 𝑉 = 3200𝑥 − 240𝑥 + 4𝑥

(b) Find, to 3 significant figures, the value of 𝑥 for which 𝑉 is a

sta onary, jus fying that this value of 𝑥 give a maximum value of 𝑉.

(c) Find, to 3 significant figures, the maximum value of 𝑉. [(b) 𝟖. 𝟒𝟓, (c) 𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟎𝟎]
18. Figure shows a rectangular layer of metal 10 cm by 16 cm.
A square of side 𝑥 cm is cut away from each corner of the sheet.
The sheet is then folded along the do ed
lines to form an open box. The volume of the box is 𝑉 cm3.

(a) Show that 𝑉 = 4𝑥 − 52𝑥 + 160𝑥.

(b) Using calculus, find the value of 𝑥 for which 𝑉 is a sta onary,
jus fying that this value of 𝑥 gives a maximum value of 𝑉.

(c) Find the maximum value of 𝑉. [(b) 𝟐, (c) 𝟏𝟒𝟒]

19. A rectangular sheet of card measures 60 cm by 30 cm.

A square of side 𝑥 cm is cut away from each corner as
shown in figure and the card is then folded along the do ed
lines to form an open box. The volume of the box is 𝑉 𝑐𝑚

(a) Show that 𝑉 = 1800𝑥 − 180𝑥 + 4𝑥

(b) Find to 3 significant figures the value of 𝑥 for which 𝑉 is a

maximum, jus fying that this value of 𝑥 gives a maximum value of 𝑉.

(c) Find to 2 significant figures the maximum value of 𝑉. [(b) 𝟔. 𝟑𝟒, (c) 𝟓𝟐𝟎𝟎]

20. In this ques on all lengths are in metres.

A conical tent is to be made with height ℎ , base radius
𝑟 and slant height 0.5ℎ + 2, as shown in the diagram.

(i) Show that 𝑟 = 2ℎ + 4 − 0.75ℎ

The volume of the tent, 𝑉, is given by π𝑟 ℎ.

(ii) Given that ℎ can vary, find, correct to 2 decimal places, the value of ℎ which gives a sta onary value of 𝑉.

(iii) Determine the nature of this sta onary value. [(ii) 𝟐. 𝟒𝟗, (iii) Max]

21. A solid right circular cylinder has radius 𝑟 cm and height ℎ cm, as shown in
Figure. The cylinder has a volume of 355 cm3 and a total surface area of 𝑆 cm2.

(a) Show that 𝑆 = 2𝜋𝑟 + ,

Given that 𝑟 can vary,

(b) using calculus find, to 3 significant figures, the minimum value of 𝑆.

𝒅𝟐 𝑺
(c) Verify that your answer to part (b) does give the minimum value of 𝑆. [(b) 𝟐𝟕𝟖 cm2, (c) 𝒅𝒓𝟐 > 𝟎, min]
22. A solid right circular cylinder has base radius 𝑟 cm and height ℎ cm.
The volume of the cylinder is 50 cm3 and the total surface area is 𝐴 cm2.

(a) Show that 𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑟 + ,

(b) Use calculus to find, to 4 significant figures, the value of 𝑟 for which 𝐴 is a minimum.
(c) Use calculus to verify that the value of 𝑟 found in part (b) does give a minimum value of 𝐴.
(d) Find, to the nearest whole number, the minimum value of 𝐴. [(b) 𝟏. 𝟗𝟗𝟔, (c) 𝟏. 𝟗𝟗𝟔, min, (d) 𝟕𝟓]

23. The diagram shows a solid object in the form of a cylinder of height ℎ cm and radius 𝑟 cm on top of a
hemisphere of radius 𝑟 cm.

Given that the volume of the object is 2880𝜋 cm ,

(a) Express ℎ in terms of 𝑟,

(b) Show that the external surface area, 𝐴 cm ,

of the object is given by 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 + .

Given that 𝑟 can vary,

(c) Find the value of 𝑟 for which 𝐴 has a sta onary value,

(d) Find this sta onary value of 𝐴, leaving your answer in terms of 𝜋.
𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟎 𝟐𝒓𝟑
(e) Determine the nature of this sta onary value. [𝒉 = , 𝒓 = 𝟏𝟐, 𝟕𝟐𝟎𝝅, min]
𝟑𝒓𝟐

24. The diagram shows a solid object made from a

hemisphere of radius 𝑥 and a cylinder of radius 𝑥 and
height 𝑦. The volume of the object is 500 cm .

(a) Find an expression for 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥 and show that the

surface area, 𝑆, of the object is given by 𝑆 = 𝜋𝑥 + .

(b) Given that 𝑥 can vary and that 𝑆 has a minimum

𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝝅𝒙𝟑
value, find the value of 𝑥 for which 𝑆 is a minimum. [𝒚 = , 𝒙 = 𝟒. 𝟓𝟕]
𝟑𝝅𝒙𝟐

25. (a) The diagram shows a greenhouse standing on a horizontal rectangular base.
The ver cal semicircular ends and the curved roof are made from polythene shee ng.
The radius of each semicircle is 𝑟 m and the length of the
greenhouse is 𝑙 m. Given that 120 m of polythene shee ng
is used for the greenhouse, express 𝑙 in terms of 𝑟 and show
that the volume, 𝑉 m , of the greenhouse is given by 𝑉 = 60𝑟 − .

(b)Given that 𝑟 can vary, find, to 2 decimal, the value of 𝑟 for which 𝑉 has a sta onary value.
(c) Find this value of 𝑉 and determine whether it is a maximum or minimum.

26. The solid prism shown in the diagram has triangular ends perpendicular to the parallel edges 𝐴𝐷, 𝐵𝐸 and
𝐶𝐹. The length of each of the edges 𝐴𝐷, 𝐵𝐸 and 𝐶𝐹 is 𝑦 cm. The triangles have right angles at 𝐶 and 𝐹. The
edges 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐷𝐹 are each of length 4𝑥 cm and the edges 𝐵𝐶 and 𝐸𝐹 are each of length 3𝑥 cm.
Given that the volume of the prism is 1500 cm ,
(a) obtain an expression for 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥,
(b) show that the total surface area, 𝑆 cm , is given by 𝑆 = 12𝑥 + .

Given that the volume remains constant and that 𝑥 varies, find
(c) an expression for in terms of 𝑥,
(d) the sta onary value of 𝑆.

27. A container with an open rectangular top is constructed from four pieces of cardboard sheet. The two
end pieces are isosceles triangles with sides 6𝑥 cm, 5𝑥 cm and 5𝑥 cm as shown. The two side pieces are
rectangles of length ℎ cm and width 5𝑥 cm.
The total amount of cardboard sheet used is 450 cm .

(a) Show that ℎ = .

(b) Show that the volume of the container, 𝑉 cm ,
is given by 𝑉 = 540𝑥 − 28.8𝑥 .
(c) Find the value of 𝑥 for which 𝑉 has a sta onary value.
(d) Find the value of 𝑉 and determine whether it is a max or min. [(c) 𝟐. 𝟓 𝐜𝐦, 𝟗𝟎𝟎 𝐜𝐦𝟑 , max]