Name:- Shravan v.

Andraskar

HEV-MAJOR MARCH
Energy Management strategy considering energy usage for Residential
Purpose

*What is Energy Management strategy?

An Energy Management Strategy is a plan to manage the supply and to
maintain the needs of present without compromising the needs of future
generation.

*Value Of Energy Management strategy:-

It benefits us by:-
1. Reducing the greenhouse gases emissions for our greater and better
environment.
2. Reduces the dependence on supply chains that are volatile.
3. To track our utility cost to prepare more accurate budgets and gain greater
insight to our operational costs.
4. It reduces us by cutting costs through procurement and strategically
decreasing consumption of fuels.

*Importance of Energy management Strategy:-

The purpose of an EMS is to determine power generation or power demands
that minimize a certain objective such as generation cost, power loss, or
environmental effect.

*Managing your energy use

Six key steps of an energy management strategy
Putting in place a successful energy management strategy involves following
six key steps.

Step 1 - get commitment and appoint an energy manager

The first step is to make sure that senior management understands the business
benefits of an energy strategy and supports the proposed energy-saving
measures. Appointing an energy manager demonstrates that the business takes
its energy-saving goals seriously. The energy manager's role is to:

 Lead the energy team in their energy-saving actions

 communicate and emphasise to colleagues the importance of the energy
strategy
The energy manager needs experience and training to be effective - relevant
professional qualifications are available. Depending on the size of your
organisation the role might be full or part time.

Step 2 - understand the issues

To manage energy use effectively you need to have a clear understanding of:

 how your business is currently using energy

 how your energy usage compares with other businesses
 attitudes within your business towards adopting energy-saving measures
The Carbon Trust has produced guidance for businesses on implementing an
effective energy management strategy. This includes an energy matrix to help
you assess your current performance.

Step 3 - plan and organise

Start by carrying out an energy survey to see where you can make energy
savings. Use all the information you gather to produce an energy policy and
identify long, medium and short-term energy-saving targets.

Step 4 - develop an action plan

Once you have identified your targets, draw up an action plan outlining the
practical steps your business will take to achieve your goals. Give individuals
responsibility for specific tasks.

Step 5 - involve your staff

It's very important to get support for the energy strategy from:

 key decision makers

 senior management
 staff at all levels of the business
 Step 6 - control, monitor and report
Monitor your performance regularly to check that you're making progress
towards your energy-saving goals. Put in place procedures to make sure your
systems will carry on operating efficiently and continue to make savings in the
future. Let staff know how progress towards achieving targets is going - this
helps to keep them motivated.

As energy management has developed, the role within an organization has

changed over time:

Aspect Old Way of Thinking New Way of

Thinking
Energy audits Energy audits lead to projects being Energy audits on
implemented. their own don’t
lead to anything
Energy audits should be mandatory. – there needs to
be top level
commitment &
energy audits are
just a tool to use
when you are
committed to
addressing
energy
efficiency.

Energy audits
need to feed into
better business
cases that
identify, value
and risk appraise
all sources of
value, i.e. all the
energy and non-
energy benefits.
The benefits of The benefits are energy cost savings. The There are
improving energy direct environmental benefits e.g. tonnes of multiple non-
efficiency CO2 avoided may be a social benefit for energy benefits –
CSR reporting. many of which
Aspect Old Way of Thinking New Way of
Thinking
are far more
strategic and
interesting to
decision makers
than mere energy
cost reduction.

Energy savings
may be the least
attractive benefit
of a project that
improves energy
efficiency and
should be sold
last – as a co-
benefit to the
non-energy
benefits.
Monitoring and There should be enterprise level M&T with M&T, M&V,
Targeting (M&T) some project specific M&V on large data collection
and Measurement projects. Anything else beyond that, sub- and analysis is
and Verification metering etc., is expensive. cheap. The
(M&V) advent of big
data analytics
can identify
savings
opportunities
even in systems
that are believed
to be close to
optimum.

Monitoring is a
part of ISO
50001’s Plan,
Do, Check, Act
cycle and is
embedded into
every Energy
Management
Aspect Old Way of Thinking New Way of
Thinking

System.
Energy Service ESCOs and EPCs are the answer to all our ESCOs and
Companies (ESCOs) problems. EPCs are
& Energy applicable in
Performance some limited
Contracts (EPCs) circumstances,
mainly in the
public sector.
They are not the
only answer and
they definitely
don’t work at all
in most sectors.
ESCOs and
EPCs are only
one of many
ways to bring
finance to energy
efficiency
projects.
Measurement of It is hard to measure because it is a counter- Units of energy
energy saving factual and is invisible. It can’t be metered. saved can be
metered and
calculated just
like units of
energy delivered.
Energy efficiency is It is a stand alone activity. It is a “crusade”. Energy
somehow special It should have a higher priority than efficiency is part
everything else. of an integrated
energy (&
resource)
solution
including self-
generation,
demand response
etc. Good energy
management is
one aspect of
Aspect Old Way of Thinking New Way of
Thinking
good
management.
Project development Project development is non-standardised and Project
every project is developed and documented development and
in a different way. Every project developer documentation
has some “secret sauce” in developing can be
projects even when the technologies are well standardised
known and standard. using systems
such as Investor
Confidence
Project’s
Investor Ready
Energy
EfficiencyTM.

Standardization
of project
development and
documentation is
essential for
aggregation and
growing the
finance market.
Project
developers don’t
really have
“secret sauce”.
Making the business The business case is purely about capital The business
case expenditure versus the value of the energy case is about the
savings over the life of the project. capex versus the
value of multiple
energy and non-
energy benefits
over the life of
the project, of
which energy
savings is just
one. The non-
energy benefits
Aspect Old Way of Thinking New Way of
Thinking
may be more
strategic and
attractive to
decision makers
than just energy
savings.
Risk and uncertainty Energy efficiency projects have low, or even Recognition that
“zero risk”. This was often stated even energy efficiency
though we had no data and in fact outcomes projects do have
were uncertain. risk although we
often can’t
quantify the risk
at the moment.
Risk is generally
low across
portfolios of
projects &
becoming better
known and
understood but
for individual
projects actual
risks are less
well known.
Energy management A practice that is hard to systematise and is A practice that
highly dependent on individuals. can be
systematised and
embedded into
the operation of
an enterprise
through the
application of
ISO 50001.
The value of a kWh Is the same at all times and in all locations. Is highly time
saved and location
specific.
Project development Optimise the components. Optimise
systems e.g.
Aspect Old Way of Thinking New Way of
Thinking
integrated design
(which is still not
very common at
all).
Energy prices Always go up. Go up and down.
The availability of There is no money for energy efficiency. There is a lot of
investment money for
energy efficiency
– just a shortage
of well
developed,
bankable projects
Chief Financial Chief Financial Officers are stupid for not CFOs may be
Officers (CFOs) and investing in these “no brainer” projects with rational in not
Finance Directors very rapid payback periods. investing i.e.
they may have
more strategic
things to invest
in, or they may
consider the
benefits
uncertain
because they
have not seen the
evidence or they
don’t believe the
assessment.
Low hanging fruit There are a lot of no-cost and low-cost There still are
projects that can be implemented easily – many no-cost
“low hanging fruit”. and low-cost
measures that
could be
implemented
through better
energy
management
(EnMS) and
applying ISO
Aspect Old Way of Thinking New Way of
Thinking
50001. We
should however
ban the phrase as
even no-cost and
low-cost
measures require
effort.
Energy efficiency Comes about through specific retro-fit Comes about
projects with the aim of reducing energy through retro-fit
costs. investments,
investment into
plant and
building
refurbishments
carried out for
other, non-
energy, reasons,
and through
investment in
new plant and
buildings that
improve the
average
efficiency of the
sector.
Renewables One day they may be viable. They are cost
effective in many
situations.
Energy storage “Electricity cannot be stored”. Available in
several forms.
Only viable in massive hydro-electric
schemes. Rapidly
becoming
The holy grail of energy studies. cheaper.

Economically
viable in many
situations behind
the meter and in
Aspect Old Way of Thinking New Way of
Thinking

the grid.

*Types:-
There are many types of Energy Management strategy to be used i.e.,
1. For Household Purpose
2. For commercial purpose
And in Commercial Purpose we can have again two more types i.e.,
1. For HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle)
2. For Industrial management.

*For HEV:-
-HEV:-
The vehicle industry is experiencing a technological revolution in the
powertrains of vehicles. A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is an effective choice
to solve the problems of the low energy density of a power battery and the short
driving distance of an electric vehicle (EV). Different configurations of HEVs
have different control strategies, production costs, and applicable conditions.
However, for any configuration, the ultimate goal is to achieve the
comprehensive optimization of the efficiency of the engine and the motor so as
to improve the vehicle’s performance parameters such as economy, emissions,
and durability. The procedure of realizing the goal is commonly called
an energy management strategy (EMS).

-Classification of EMS for HEV:-

The EMS has always been a key research topic in the field of HEVs, and its
strategies and control algorithms emerge endlessly [1]. At present, the EMSs of
HEVs can be classified according to the topological structure shown in Figure 1
that can be divided into two categories: the RCS and the optimization-based
control strategy (OCS).

The EMS of an HEV is the basis for a good performance of the vehicle. The
core problem is to determine the working mode of the powertrain under various
driving conditions, as well as the power distribution between the engine and the
motor in each working mode.

It is worth mentioning that the EMS of an HEV should not only solve the
problem of energy distribution of each power source—it should also consider
the problem of braking energy recovery. Regenerative braking of is one of the
main HEV technologies used to improve their economy. During the driving
process of an HEV, braking energy recovery is an important function that
increases the driving range and affects the fuel economy of the vehicle. HEVs
have different configurations and corresponding EMSs. For a certain
configuration, it is necessary to study the matching EMS to make full use of its
advantages.

-Comparison Based on Characteristics

*Energy Management for Residential Purpose:-

-What is Residential Energy?

Residents Energy is a Retail Energy Provider (REP) supplying electricity and

natural gas to homes and small businesses throughout the United States since
2014. Customers living in deregulated states have the power to choose a
supplier and shop for an energy supply plan tailored to their needs.

Energy management is the means to controlling and reducing a building's

energy consumption, which enables owners and operators to:

 Reduce costs – energy represents 25% of all operating costs in an office

building.
 Reduce carbon emissions in order to meet internal sustainability goals
and regulatory requirements.
 Reduce risk – the more energy you consume, the greater the risk that
energy price increases or supply shortages could seriously affect your
profitability. With energy management systems, you can reduce this risk
by reducing your demand for energy and by controlling it so as to make it
more predictable.

*Residential Energy Management Market:-

The global residential energy management market is projected to reach USD 4.1
billion by 2025 from an estimated USD 2.2 billion in 2020, at a CAGR of
12.9% during the forecast period. Increasing government initiative for
residential buildings and increasing power consumption is driving the
residential energy management market.

*COVID-19 Impact on the Global Residential energy Management

Market:-

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the power industry globally.
Due to the current scenario ,various device manufacture companies across
regions has to shut down their manufacturing facilities and services as countries
practiced partial or full lockdown strategy to deal with the pandemic. The
electricity demand has been reduced significantly due to the COVID-19
pandemic, though electricity use in residential buildings has increased.
However, governments across the world were compelled to reduce the business
activities in response to minimize the threat of coronavirus. Owing to the
decline in the business activities has further negatively impacted residential
energy management solutions in the short term.
North America is expected to be the largest market during the forecast
period.
North America, Europe, South America, Asia Pacific, Middle East, and Africa
are the major regions considered for the study of the residential energy
management market. North America is estimated to be the largest market from
2020 to 2025, driven by the huge increase in demand for electricity in North
America, and its power sector is facing challenges in terms of reaching energy
efficiency targets, compliance with federal carbon policy, and integrating
various distributed energy generation sources. Hence, there is an increase in
investments for residential energy management to overcome such challenges.

The report "Residential Energy Management Market by Component (Hardware

(RTU, Relays, LCS, DR devices, Control Devices, In-house Displays),
Software(EMP, Energy Analytics, CEP); Communication Technology (Wired,
Wireless); Application; Region - Global forecast to 2025", size will grow to
USD 4.1 billion by 2025 (forecast year) from USD 2.2 billion in 2020
(estimated year), at a CAGR of 12.9% during the forecast period. The rising
energy consumption in residential sectors of OCED and non OCED nations,
government initiatives and policies toward energy efficiency in residential
buildings, are the driving factors for the residential energy management market,
globally. Increasing investments for modernizing aging grid infrastructures
upcoming smart city projects in developing economies to enhance residential
sector, which creates opportunities for growth of the market.

The hardware segment is expected to dominate the residential energy

management market, by component, during the forecast period.
Based on component, the residential energy management market has been
segmented into hardware, and software. The hardware segment accounted for
the highest share of the residential energy management market in 2019.
Hardware help grid operators for voltage regulation, advanced fault detection,
automating power restoration, reduce the power waste and increased energy
efficiency in residential buildings .
Wireless segment projected to register a higher CAGR than the wired
segment during the forecast period
Based on communication technology, the market has been segmented into wired
and wireless. The wireless segment is expected to witness a higher CAGR
during the forecast period. Residential energy management uses wireless
communication due to its ease in accessibility and increased efficiency. This
wireless communication technology provides integral support to the utilities by
offering high bandwidth and covering a large area.
Asia Pacific estimated to fastest growing market for the residential energy
management market during the forecast period
Asia Pacific is estimated to be the fastest growing market for residential energy
management during the forecast period. For the market analysis, the region has
been segmented into China, Japan, India, Australia, and the Rest of Asia
Pacific. The demand for residential energy management in this region is driven
mostly by the increasing electricity consumption and the need to upgrade aging
infrastructure. Countries in this region are shifting toward energy efficiency in
residential buildings to meet the growing energy demands.

*Energy Production and Consumption in the United States

The United States is the world’s largest consumer of energy in general and of
oil and refined products in particular. However, our current and forecasted
energy production and consumption balance is improving towards a position of
declining imports and more efficient use of all energy sources. The vast new
supplies of oil and natural gas coming from domestic shale are radically altering
our outlook for eventual self-sustainability. And the continuing development of
“renewable” and “alternate” energy sources will decrease our reliance on
traditional “fossil” fuels. We will now take a look at the current state of energy
production and consumption in the US followed by a brief examination of the
renewable and alternative energy sources.

The following pie chart shows the United States' energy consumption by source
in 2019. As shown in the chart, petroleum that is mainly used for the purpose of
transportation has the biggest share of 37%. Natural gas is in second place with
32% share of energy consumption.

Energy Used All Over the World for different purposes:-

Here, in the above pie chart it is shown that the maximum Energy is required for
transportation as there are many vehicles, trains, required for transportation.
And for this we required energy to move the vehicles for transportation.
And after transportation, Energy is used for electric power generating and then
for industrial and Residential purpose.

Pie chart showing of distribution of power sources by The Government of

India:-
Government of India provides assistance to states through various Central
Sector / centrally sponsored schemes for improving the distribution sector.

Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS)

Scheme approved on 20.11.2014 with a total outlay of Rs 32,612 crore which
includes a budgetary support of Rs 25,354 crore from Govt. of India. The
objectives of scheme are:
  Strengthening of sub-transmission and distribution networks in the urban
areas;
 Metering of distribution transformers / feeders / consumers in the urban
area.
 IT enablement of distribution sector and strengthening of distribution
network
The component of IT enablement of distribution sector and strengthening of
distribution network approved in June, 2013 in the form of RAPDRP for 12th
and 13th Plans got subsumed in this scheme and approved scheme outlay of Rs
44,011 crore including a budgetary support of Rs 22,727 crore carried over to
the new scheme of IPDS.

Power Sector of INDIA

As on 14-03-2021
1. Total Installed Capacity (As on 28.02.2021) -
Sector MW % of Total

Central Sector 96,187 25.4%

State Sector 103,628 27.5%

Private Sector 179,315 47.3%

Total 3,79,130

Here Power sector is divided into three categories:-

1. Central Sector:-
Around 25.4% of power in India is generated and produced by central sector
i.e., 96,187 MW of power is generated for all over India.

2. State Sector:-
Around 27.5% of power in India is generated and produced by state sector i.e.,
103,628 MW of power is generated for all over India.

3. Private Sector:-
Around 47.5% of power in India is generated and produced by private sector
i.e., 179,315 MW of power is generated for all over India which is largest
producer of power in India.

However, to move forward as a nation, strong and consistent support for

the continued growth of energy efficiency is critical.
We must raise our ambitions to support energy efficiency – advancing on tried-
and-true policies that unlock private capital, drive innovation, and ensure energy
efficiency is accessible for all.

But it also requires that we prepare for energy efficiency’s future.

With the deployment and development of connected devices that allow for
greater integration and automation of energy efficiency, new efficiency gains at
higher levels of complexity are becoming increasingly possible; perhaps
inevitable. But to take advantage of these evolving opportunities and align them
to provide the U.S. with maximum benefit, we must consider energy efficiency
as the foundation of our path forward, and leverage its massive scale and
versatility to prepare for tomorrow’s challenges.