DENOISING OF ECG SIGNAL USING NON-NEGATIVE LEAST-

MEAN-SQUARE (NNLMS) ALGORITHM FOR BETTER

PERFORMANCE MEASURES IN ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS
Now a day‟s telecardiology is an important tool in cardiac diagnosis from a remote
location. During Electrocardiogram (ECG) or Cardiac Signal acquisition several artifacts
strongly affect the ST segment, degrade the signal quality, frequency resolution, produce
large amplitude signals in ECG that can resemble PQRST waveforms and mask the tiny
features that are important for clinical monitoring and diagnosis. So the extraction of high-
resolution cardiac signals from recordings contaminated with artifacts is an important issue to
investigate. . For this purpose several methods are there in filters. But it is not possible to
apply filters with fixed coefficients to reduce ECG signal noises, because human behavior is
varying from time to time. This problem is overcome by Adaptive filter technique. There are
different types of adaptive filters to separate the ECG signal from noises. Initially LMS
algorithm is developed from the steepest descent adaptive filter. But it has disadvantages of
low converge rate due to Eigen value spread, Excessive Mean square error (MSE).
Normalized LMS is a special case of standard LMS algorithm, where the step size is optimize
for fast convergence as the cost higher computational complexity. Like several variants are
implemented. All these LMS variants are having their own disadvantages. There is another
type of adaptive filters, RLS (Recursive Least Square algorithm) and its variants like ES-RLS
were implemented. Which are having advantages of fast convergence and Zero
Misadjustment; also having drawbacks due to the high computational complexity it is
unsuitable for many high speed applications [1]. Later Connections between the Kalman filter
and the LMS algorithm have been established, some of their variants (information form
(IKLMS) and simplified versions (SIKLMS)) were implemented. By linking these two
algorithms, a new normalized Kalman based LMS (KLMS) algorithm can be derived that has
some advantages to the classical one [2]. Their stability is guaranteed since they are a special
case of the Kalman filter. More, they suggests a new way to control the step size, that results
in good convergence properties for a large range of input signal powers, that occur in many
applications. The Performance Measures in Adaptive Systems are Step size parameter,
Convergence Rate, Minimum Mean Square Error, Computational Complexity, Stability,
Robustness, and Filter Length. The above algorithms are better in few parameters only.

To overcome the drawbacks of above algorithms the proposed method is Non-

Negative Least-Mean-Square (NNLMS) algorithm. Non-negativity is one important
constraint that can be imposed on parameters to estimate. It is often imposed to avoid
physically unreasonable solutions and to comply with natural physical characteristics. Non-
negativity constraints appear, for example, image processing, audio processing, remote
sensing, and neuroscience. The Non-Negative Least-Mean-Square algorithm (NNLMS) and
its three variants, namely, Normalized NNLMS, Exponential NNLMS and Sign-Sign
NNLMS [3], were proposed to adaptively find solutions of a typical Wiener filtering problem
under non-negativity constraints.
REFERENCES

[1] N.Sayedu Khasim Y.Murali Krishna, B.Rajasekhara Reddy, „‟ Comparative Analysis of

Denoising the different artifacts in Ecg signal using different Adaptive Algorithms”
Journal of Electrical Engineering (JEE), Volume 14, Issue 3, September, 2014, pp-290-
295. ISSN: 1582-4594, GISIF: 0.967.

[2] N.Sayedu Khasim, Y.Murali Krishna, V.Naveen Raja, „‟ Low Complex Adaptive Fast
Converged Kalman Filter for Cardiac ECG Artifacts Elimination‟‟, International
Journal of Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (IJSIP), Volume
7, Issue 3, June, 2014, pp-283-292. ISSN: 2005-4254.

[3] F. Benvenuto, R. Zanella, L. Zanni, and M. Bertero, “Nonnegative least-squares image

deblurring: improved gradient projection approaches,” Inverse Problems, vol. 26, no. 1,
pp. 025004, February 2010.

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