1). What symbols does the British flag contain of? Describe it.

The name, the colours and crosses symbolize the union of the united parts of the country. Union
Jack comprises three crosses. It was set up in 1801 after the last of the three Acts of Union.
Union Jack presents the combination of colours and crosses. The flag reflects the peculiarities of
the existing at that time national flags of England, Scotland and Ireland. The red upright cross on
the white field is St George’s Cross – the patron saint of England (April 23). The diagonal white
cross on the blue field is St. Andrew’s Cross – the patron saint of Scotland (November 30). The
red diagonal cross on the white field is St. Patrick’s Cross (March 17)– the patron saint of
Ireland).
2). Why did Union Jack get this name?
One theory suggests that the term "Jack" in "Union Jack" comes from the word "jack" being used
historically as a generic term for a small flag flown at the bow of a ship, especially a naval
vessel. The "Union Jack" would then refer to the flag of the United Kingdom as it is flown at sea.
3). What part of the UK is not represented in Union Jack? Describe its own flag.
Wales – is not represented in the national flag. The flag of Wales is the RED DRAGON. It
consists of a red dragon on a green and white field. The Welsh flag was only granted official
status in 1959, but the red dragon has been associated with Wales for centuries.
4). What is the national anthem of England?
"God Save the Queen" or "God Save the King". The national anthem of the United Kingdom,
which includes England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. When the anthem is played in
England, it is often referred to as the "English national anthem." However, it is important to note
that England doesn't have a separate, unique national anthem The national anthem is the oldest in
the world. It was established in 1745 and based on a song of the 17-th century.
5). What is the national emblem and legend of each part of the UK?
A BRITISH LION is really a member of a Rugby Football - the Lion is the emblem of England.
It is actually a walking lion, looking out at you full face, and was first used by Rollo, Duke of
Normandy (father of William the Conqueror).
The red rose has been adopted as England’s emblem since the time of the Wars of the Roses -
civil wars (1455-1485) between the Royal House of Lancaster (whose emblem was a red rose)
and the Royal House of York (whose emblem was a white rose).
The thistle, the national emblem of Scotland, was chosen after it saved the country from the
enemy. It was a legend about the Norsemen who raided in the ancient times the east coast of
Scotland intending to plunder it and settle in the country. The Scots took their stations behind the
river Tay, not expecting the enemy before the next day and being weary and tired after a long
march. The Norsemen crossed the river intending to take the Scots by surprise. But one of the
Norsemen stepped on a thistle and shrieked with pain. The alarm was given in the Scots camp
and the Norsemen were put to fight.
The leek or daffodil is Welshmen's national emblem. The Welsh all over the world celebrate (on
March 1st) St. David's Day by wearing either leeks or daffodils. St. David is supposed to have
lived for several years on bread and wild leeks, so the link between the leek and St. David is a
strong one. The daffodil became an alternative to the leek as a Welsh emblem in the present
century, because some thought the leek vulgar.
The shamrock, the national emblem of the Irish, is proudly worn on St. Patrick's Day, March 17,
in memory of Ireland's patron. The Irish use the shamrock (a small white clover with three leaves
on one stem) as an illustration of the mystery of the Holy Trinity (of the Father, the Son, and the
Holy Spirit) which was admitted by great Bishop Patrick.
6). What are the patron saints of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland?
Each of the four countries within the United Kingdom has its own patron saint:
England: The patron saint of England is Saint George. His feast day, known as St. George's Day,
is celebrated on April 23rd.
Scotland: The patron saint of Scotland is Saint Andrew. Saint Andrew's Day is celebrated on
November 30th in Scotland.
Wales: The patron saint of Wales is Saint David, and his feast day is celebrated on March 1st.
Northern Ireland: Northern Ireland does not have an officially designated patron saint. However,
Saint Patrick, who is also the patron saint of Ireland as a whole, is widely celebrated in Northern
Ireland as well. Saint Patrick's Day, on March 17th, is a prominent holiday in Northern Ireland.
7). What are the major symbols of Britain?
There are two major symbols of Britain, BRITANNIA and JOHN BULL.
Britannia is a helmeted woman seated on a globe with one arm on a shield and grasping a spear
with her free arm. Britannia has appeared on many British coins and banknotes, but is currently
only on the back of the 50 pence coin. In Renaissance times, Britannia came to be viewed as the
personification of Britain. Both Royal and popular pageants have depicted her to symbolize
Britain since then.
John Bull is a literary and cartoon character to personify Britain created by Dr. John Arbuthnot in
1712 and popularized first by British printers and then overseas. Bull is usually portrayed as
stout man in a tailcoat with breeches and a Union Jack waistcoat. He also wears a low topper
(sometimes called a John Bull topper) on his head and is often accompanied with a bulldog.
The BULLDOG symbolizes the very essence of Britishness. (solid, reliable, unshakably loyal,
very individual)
8) What is the story of America naming?
This continent was named after Americus Vespucius, who made several voyages along the coasts
of what today known as South and Central America, and Florida in North America. As there was
no other title for the New World, the name AMERICA came gradually into general use.
The name for the Republic is stated by the constitution as the United States of America. The
league against British oppression was called the United Colonies, until Congress resolved that
the words “United Colonies” must be altered into the “United States”.
9) What is the design of the National flag of the USA and what do its components mean?
The Stars and Stripes is the most popular name for the red, white and blue national flag of the
United States. The 13 stripes typify the original 13 States, the 50 stars represent the 50 States.
The design of the flag – the arrangement of the stars –was changing with the number of the states
coming into the Union. Other names of the flag are Red, White and Blue; Old Glory; The Star
Spangled Banner.
10) What is the national anthem of America?
One of Irving Berlin’s bigger hits was “God Bless America”. He had originally written it in 1917
for his Army musical, Yip, Yip, Yaphank, but did not use it. Later a lot of people suggested that it
should be the national anthem. Over the years it has been considered America’s unofficial
national anthem, since “The Star-Spangled Banner” had difficult lyrics and a difficult tune.
11) What is the expression “Uncle Sam” used to denote?
Uncle Sam is the nickname for the American Government. It rose during the War 1812, when
Samuel Wilson was an inspector of provisions destined for the American Army. The abbreviation
of “US” marked on the casks, was unfamiliar to people. One of the workmen spread the
facetious saying that it meant “Uncle Sam” Wilson.
used to denote the United States of America or the U.S. government, especially in a personified
or symbolic sense. It is often used as a patriotic symbol for the United States.
The origin of the term "Uncle Sam" as a symbol for the United States is believed to date back to
the early 19th century. One popular theory attributes it to Samuel Wilson, a meatpacker from
Troy, New York, who supplied barrels of beef to the U.S. Army during the War of 1812. The
barrels were stamped with "U.S." for United States, and soldiers jokingly began referring to the
food as coming from "Uncle Sam."
Over time, this nickname became associated with the United States as a whole, and "Uncle Sam"
came to symbolize the federal government and the nation itself. The famous image of "Uncle
Sam" as a bearded man in a top hat and red, white, and blue clothing pointing with the caption "I
Want You for U.S. Army" is a widely recognized representation.
So, when people use the expression "Uncle Sam," they are usually referring to the United States
or the U.S. government. It's a common personification of the nation in various contexts,
including in political cartoons, propaganda posters, and patriotic imagery.
The national motto: “IN GOD WE TRUST” - adopted in 1956, expresses the country’s ideals. It
also appears on the reverse side of the one dollar bill.
12) What is the design of Great Seal of the USA?
In 1782 after the US won its independence, the bald eagle was chosen as the national bird of the
country because of its strength and courage.
The bald eagle holds a bundle of 13 arrows in its left paw (referring to the 13 original states), and
an olive branch in its right paw, together symbolizing that the United States of America has "a
strong desire for peace, but will always be ready for war." (see Olive Branch Petition). Although
not specified by law, the olive branch is usually depicted with 13 leaves and 13 olives, again
representing the 13 original states. The eagle has its head turned towards the olive branch, said to
symbolize a preference for peace.
In its beak, the eagle clutches a scroll with the motto E pluribus unum ("Out of Many, One").
Over its head there appears a "glory" with 13 stars on a blue field. The bald eagle keeps balance
between the war and peace.
13) What is the design of Canadian National Flag and Coat of Arms?
The national flag is in red and white official colours of Canada with a single red maple leaf in the
center. The Royal Anthem: “God Save Our Gracious Queen !”
The Coat of Arms displays a lion, a traditional royal symbol, holding the British flag, and a
unicorn, a mythological creature with the Flag of Quebec. On the crest there is a heraldic
representation of the Royal crown. The shield represents the emblems of Great Britain and
Quebec to indicate the British and French background of the country. The motto of Canada is in
Latin A Mare Usque Ad Mare – From Sea to Sea.
14) What is the design of Australian National Flag and Coat of Arms?
The national Flag of Australia is a small Union Jack in the upper left corner which represents the
historic link with Britain. The large seven-pointed star represents the six states and the territories.
The small stars from the Southern Cross, the symbol of the Hemisphere night sky. The coat of
arms of Australia was granted by King George V in 1912.
On the coat of arms is a shield containing the badges of six states. The supporters are native
Australian fauna – a kangaroo and an emu. In the design there is also a yellow-flowered native
plant – golden wattle.
15) Name American, Canadian, Australian symbols.
The beaver has played an important role in the history of Canada since the first explorers arrived
here and started the fur trade. (used in emblems by many Canadian companies for years)
Australia’s greatest symbol – Sydney Opera House. The golden wattle is a symbol of unity.
Wattle is ideally suited to withstand Australia's droughts, winds and bushfires. The resilience of
wattle represents the spirit of the Australian people.
The Liberty Bell Many of the most important documents in U.S. history were written at
Independence Hall. Independence Hall was also the home of the Liberty Bell for over 200 years.
The White House is the home of the President of the United States.
The Statue of Liberty symbolizes freedom throughout the world. The Statue was actually a gift
from the people of France. The Statue represents a woman escaping the chains of tyranny. She
holds a torch, which represents liberty.