Tutorial 1

Questions

1. Define the following terms:

a. Ionic bond
b. Covalent bond
c. Dative bond
d. Polar bond
e. Polar molecules
f. Electronegativity
g. Electronegativity difference
h. Formal charge
i. Resonance

Lewis structure

1. H, B, C, N, O and F all form compounds with H. Draw Lewis diagrams of these

compounds.

2. Draw Lewis diagram for the following inorganic reagents: HNO3, H2SO4, and sodium
azide.

3. Draw Lewis diagrams for the following organic molecules: ethene, ethyne, methyl
iodide, ethanol, dimethyl amine, propanone, ethanoic acid, dimethyl ether.

Formal charge

Formal Charge = Number of valence electrons in the free atom (the Group Number) —
Electrons surrounding the atom in the compound (count each electron in the lone pair
electrons and one electron for each bond)

4. Calculate the formal charge for every atoms in the following molecules. identify the
formal charge of any atoms that are not neutral
Resonance

5. Draw all the resonance structures for

a. NO3-

b. BF3

c. O3

d. CO2

e. CO

f. ClO4-

6. Predict the geometry and formal charge of the central atom for the following
molecules.

a. OH-, H2O and H3O+

b. NH3, NH4+

c. CH4, CH3+
Answers

1. The compounds are H2, BH3, CH4, NH3, H2O and HF:

2. Draw Lewis diagrams for the following inorganic reagents: HNO3, H2SO4, and
sodium azide.

3. The Lewis diagrams for the molecules are shown (these were selected to represent
important classes of organic molecules that you will be seeing a lot of in the future
: note it is very important to know where the lone pairs are in the structures). Note that
none of these structures have any formal charges and all the C, N, O (and I) atoms
have complete octets.
4.

5.

double headed arrows.

6.