Chemistry for Engineers 1

Covalent Bond
MPS Department  FEU Institute of Technology
 OBJECTIVES

∎ Define chemical bonds.

∎ Determine maximum number electrons in a bond.
∎ Differentiate the bond formation as Ionic, Metallic, and Covalent.
 Single, Double and Triple Bond
• Single Bond
– sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms.
• Examples: HF, Cl2, H2O
• Double Bond
– sharing of 2 pairs of electrons between two atoms.
• Examples: O2, CO2
• Triple Bond
– sharing of 3 pairs of electrons between two atoms.
• Examples: N2, HCN
 Writing Lewis Structure
• Write the Lewis Structure H2O
– Step 1: Find the total number of valence electrons.
Total = 6e x 1 atom O + 1e x 2 atom H = 8
– Step 2: Draw the skeletal structure.
H O H H:O:H
– Step 3: Subtract the 4 electrons used in Step 2 from
8, to obtain 4 electrons to be placed.
– Step 4: Place the 2 electrons (lone pair or nonbonding pair)
around the O atom.
H:O:H
 Try this!
• Write the Lewis Structure of Following
1. HCl
2. H2 S
3. CO2
4. Cl4
5. HNO3
 Electronegativity & Bond Polarity
• Electronegativities can be used to predict the nature
of the bond.
Generally, if the electronegativity difference is:
• 0.0 – 0.4 non polar covalent bond
• 0.4 – 1.78 polar covalent bond
• 1.78 > ionic bond

https://wou.edu/chemistry/courses/online-chemistry-textbooks/ch103-allied-health-
chemistry/ch103-chapter-5-covalent-bonds-organic-functional-groups-and-biological-
molecules/
 What type of bond is created?
• Determine the type of bond of the following
a) NaF
b) FrBr
c) CN
d) SeS
e) BrO
THANK YOU…
GOD BLESS…
 REFERENCES
Lawrence S. Brown and Thomas A. Holme (2018), Chemistry for
Engineering Students : Cengage Learning
Roxy Wilson (2018), Solutions to Red Exercises: Chemistry: The
Central Science : United Kingdom: Pearson
Theodore E. Brown, et. al.(2018), Chemistry: The Central Science
(14th Edition) : United Kingdom: Pearson

https://www.chem.purdue.edu/vsepr/practice.html
https://www.dimanregional.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?
moduleinstanceid=8493&dataid=3065&FileName=Lewis%20Pra
ctice.pdf
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/trident-boundless-
chemistry/chapter/types-of-chemical-bonds/
https://www.slideshare.net/sonikhan3/covalent-bond-58860132