Week 3

- The Division of English Language Skills

Development -
Emoticon /ɪˈmoʊtɪkɒn/ = emotion icon = emoji
Emoticon = a pictorial representation of a facial expression using
characters - usually punctuation marks, numbers, and letters - to express
a person's feelings or mood
 Emoticons using
Positive consequences Negative consequence
Emoticons: the future of
language?
2. Read the article in which four experts discuss the use of emoticons.
Whose opinion do you agree with most?

3. Read the article again and answer the questions. Choose from the
experts Dr Owen Churches (1), Sarah Jane Young (2), Dr Chris Fulwood
(3) and Professor Scott Fahlman (4). There may be more than one
answer.
1. Who expresses concern that we are losing the
ability to show compassion to others?
2. Who suggests reasons why skilled writers may
feel the need to use emoticons these days?
3. Who agrees that emoticons enhance online
communication by providing alternative stimuli?
4. Who points out the use of emoticons,
abbreviations and acronyms suggests a greater
knowledge of and ability to manipulate
language?
5. Who largely disapproves of the use of
emoticons?
6. Who seems troubled by the idea that our
societies may become homogenized?
7. Who says we are not born with the ability to
recognize emoticons as faces?
8. Who was motivated to investigate the effect of
emoticons by their own disapproval?
1. Reduce, fail to keep, loss, …
1. Mercy, sympathy, empathy…
2. Experienced / good… writers
2. Beneficial, necessity…
3. Online environment,
networked conversation,
internet…
3. Substitutes, other options…
4. Learning, education, literacy…
6. Become similar/ alike/ not
differentiate…
7. innate, inborn, inbred…
7. perceive, realize, identify, be
familiar…
8. research, study…
8. dislike, objection, criticism…
Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
1. Do you agree that emoticons and 'text speak' are a new form of
language? Why/Why not?
→ Yes, / No,…
1. What do you think about the idea that our cultures and languages
are becoming more and more similar because of online
communication?
→ From my point of view,…/ In my opinion,…/ Frankly,…/ From my
perspectives, …
1. What do you imagine communication in the future will be like?
→ Maybe… / I reckon…/ There’ll probably be…/ It’s possible that…/ It’s
likely that…/
What do you think about the idea that our cultures and
languages are becoming more and more similar
because of online communication?

• Point = Ideas (From my point of view,…/ In my opinion,…/

Frankly, From my perspectives, …)
• Explanation (because, because of, the reason is that, it’s
because…)
• Evidence (for example, for instance, take…as an example,
according to, …)
• Link (summarize the ideas)
What are some advantages and disadvanatges of
using emoticons in online communication?
• P.E.E.L.
There are some benefits of using emotion icons in online environment.
The most significant advantage when we use smiley faces is that it
makes conversation more appealing. For instance, when we want to
express happy feelings to our friends, we can attach some interesting
icons so that our friends still recognize our emotion but with better
mood. Another benefit of the usage of emoticons is that …
Non-verbal means of communication
Writing: process diagram
• A process diagram shows a series of steps in a system, cycle or
process.
• Different types of process:
• Pictorial / non-pictorial
• Natural / man-made
• Linear (a production line) / cyclical (a life cycle) / systematic
(an information flow chart)
Cyclical process Systematic process
Linear process (a production line)
 The tea leaves are picked and then put in the sun
to dry.
• After (+SV): After the tea leaves are picked/ have been picked , they are
put in the sun to dry.
• After (+V-ing): After being picked/ having been picked, the tea leaves are
put in the sun to dry.
• After (+ N): After the picking stage, the tea leaves are put in the sun to
dry.
• When (+SV): When the tea leaves have been picked , they are put in the
sun to dry.
• Once (+SV): Once the tea leaves have been picked, they are then put in
the sun to dry.
Rewriting 1:
• The first step is that you fill the kettle with water,
and then boil the kettle. After that, you put a
tea bag or tea leaves in the cup and take the
kettle off the stove. Subsequently, you pour the
water into the cup and then leave the tea for
two minutes. Once you have added milk and
sugar, you can then drink the tea.
Rewriting 2:
• To make a cup of tea, firstly, you fill the kettle
with water and then you boil the kettle. At this
point, you put a tea bag or tea leaves in the cup.
After taking the kettle off the stove, you pour
the water into the cup. The next step is that you
must leave the tea two minutes and then you
can add milk and sugar if you want. Finally, you
can drink the tea.
Rewriting 3
The process commences with filling the kettle with
water and boiling it. Following that, you put a tea
bag or tea leaves in the cup. Subsequently, take the
kettle off the stove. The next step is that you pour
the water into the cup. While leaving the tea for
two minutes, you can prepare milk and sugar to
make better taste. Finally, you can add milk or sugar
into the tea and then enjoy it.
Introduction and overview
• The diagram explain the process of 18 steps to produce tea and (to)
make a cup of tea (starting) from (the first step of) growing tea to (the
final step of) enjoying a cup of tea.
Conclusion:

•The process involves many complicated

steps, which are affected by not only
natural conditions but also human beings.
The chart below shows the process of waste paper recycling.
according to At the first stage eventual how
involve transported taken out processed

The flow chart shows (1) …………. waste paper is recycled. It is clear that
there are six distinct stages in this process, from the initial collection of
waste paper to the (2)……… production of usable paper.
(3) ………… in the paper recycling process, waste paper is collected either
from paper banks, where members of the public leave their used paper, or
directly from businesses. This paper is then sorted by hand and separated (4)
……………..its grade, with any paper that is not suitable for recycling being
removed. Next, the graded paper is (5)……………. to a paper mill.
Stages four and five of the process both (6) …………….. cleaning. The
paper is cleaned and pulped, and foreign objects such as staples are (7)
…………….. Following this, all remnants of ink and glues are removed from
the paper at the de-inking stage. Finally, the pulp can be (8) ……………… in
a paper making machine, which makes the end product: usable paper.
along with blended consists of crushed manufacture
mixed production raw materials passes packaged
The first diagram illustrates the process of cement (1) ………….., and the second
diagram shows the materials that go into the (2)…………… of concrete.
It is clear that there are five stages in the production of cement, beginning with
the input of (3)……………. and ending with bags of the finished product. To produce
concrete, four different materials are (4)………….together.
At the first stage in the production of cement, limestone and clay are (5)
……………… to form a powder. This powder is then mixed before it (6) ………… into a
rotating heater. After heating, the resulting mixture is ground, and cement is
produced. Finally, the cement is (7) …………… in large bags.
Cement is one of the four raw materials that are used in the production of
concrete, (8) ……………… gravel, sand and water. To be exact, concrete (9)…………..
50% gravel, 25% sand, 15% cement and 10% water. All four materials are (10)
…………….. together in a rotating machine called a concrete mixer.
(160 words, band 9)