Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fourteenth Edition
Weygandt Kimmel Mitchell
Chapter 3
Adjusting the Accounts
This slide deck contains animations. Please disable animations if they cause issues with your device.
LEARNING OBJECTIVE 1
Explain the accrual basis of accounting and the reasons for
adjusting entries.
• Accountants divide the economic life of a business
into artificial time periods (Time Period Assumption).
ILLUSTRATION 3.2
ILLUSTRATION 3.3
LO 1 Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 10
Recognizing Revenues and Expenses
Expense Recognition Principle
Companies recognize expenses in
the period in which they make
efforts (consume assets or incur
liabilities) to generate revenue.
ILLUSTRATION 3.4
LO 1 Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 12
Accrual-Basis Accounting
Review Question
Which of the following statements about the accrual basis of
accounting is false?
a. Events that change a company’s financial statements are
recorded in the periods in which the events occur.
b. Revenue is recognized in the period in which services are
performed.
c. This basis is in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles.
d. Revenue is recorded only when cash is received, and
expense is recorded only when cash is paid.
LO 1 Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 13
Accrual-Basis Accounting
Review Answer
Which of the following statements about the accrual basis of
accounting is false?
a. Events that change a company’s financial statements are
recorded in the periods in which the events occur.
b. Revenue is recognized in the period in which services are
performed.
c. This basis is in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles.
d. Answer: Revenue is recorded only when cash is received,
and expense is recorded only when cash is paid.
LO 1 Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 14
The Need for Adjusting Entries
ILLUSTRATION 3.5
ILLUSTRATION 3.6
LO 1 Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 19
DO IT! 1: Timing Concepts
Below is a list of timing concepts in a) Monthly and quarterly time periods.
the left column, with a description of b) Efforts (expenses) should be recognized
the concept in the right column. in the period in which a company uses
There are more descriptions assets or incurs liabilities to generate
provided than concepts. Match the
results (revenues).
description to the concept
c) Accountants divide the economic life of
1. f Accrual-basis accounting.
___ a business into artificial time periods.
d) Companies record revenues when they
2. e Calendar year.
___ receive cash and record expenses when
3. c Time period assumption.
___ they pay out cash.
e) An accounting time period that starts
4. b Expense recognition
___ on January 1 and ends on December 31.
principle.
f) Companies record transactions in the
period in which the events occur.
LO 1 Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 20
Adjusting Entries for Deferrals
LEARNING OBJECTIVE 2
Prepare adjusting entries for deferrals.
ILLUSTRATION 3.7
ILLUSTRATION 3.8
LO 2 Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 25
Insurance
ILLUSTRATION 3.10
ILLUSTRATION 3.11
LO 2 Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 30
Balance Sheet Presentation of Accumulated
Depreciation
• Accumulated Depreciation is a contra asset account
(credit)
• Offsets related asset account on the balance sheet
• Book value is the difference between the cost of any
depreciable asset and its accumulated depreciation
ILLUSTRATION 3.12
LO 2 Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 31
Accounting for Prepaid Expenses
ILLUSTRATION 3.13
ILLUSTRATION 3.14
LO 2 Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 34
Unearned Revenues
Illustration: Pioneer Advertising received
$1,200 on October 2 from R. Knox for
advertising services expected to be
completed by December 31. Unearned
Service Revenue shows a balance of $1,200
in the October 31 trial balance. Analysis
reveals that the company performed $400 of
services in October.
ILLUSTRATION 3.15
ILLUSTRATION 3.16
LEARNING OBJECTIVE 3
Prepare adjusting entries for accruals.
ILLUSTRATION 3.17
LO 3 Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 45
Accrued Revenues
ILLUSTRATION 3.18
LO 3 Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 47
Accounting for Accrued Revenues
ILLUSTRATION 3.19
ILLUSTRATION 3.20
LO 3 Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 50
Accrued Expenses
Accrued Interest
Illustration: Pioneer Advertising signed a three-month note
payable in the amount of $5,000 on October 1. The note requires
Pioneer to pay interest at an annual rate of 12%.
ILLUSTRATION 3.21
ILLUSTRATION 3.22
LO 3 Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 52
Accrued Expenses
Accrued Salaries and Wages
Illustration: Pioneer Advertising paid salaries and wages on October 26 for the
employees first two weeks of work (Oct. 15 - Oct. 26). The next payment of
salaries will not occur until November 9. Three working days of unpaid salaries
and wages remain in October. The employees receive total salaries of $2,000 for
a five day week or $400 per day.
ILLUSTRATION 3.23
LO 3 Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 53
Adjustment for Accrued Salaries and Wages
ILLUSTRATION 3.24
LO 3 Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 54
Accounting for Accrued Expenses
ILLUSTRATION 3.25
ILLUSTRATION 3.26
LEARNING OBJECTIVE 4
Describe the nature and purpose of an adjusted trial balance.
ILLUSTRATION 3.29
LO 4 Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 61
Adjusted Trial Balance
Review Question
Which of the following statements is incorrect concerning the
adjusted trial balance?
a. An adjusted trial balance proves the equality of the total
debit balances and the total credit balances in the ledger
after all adjustments are made.
b. The adjusted trial balance provides the primary basis for
the preparation of financial statements.
c. The adjusted trial balance lists the account balances
segregated by assets and liabilities.
d. The adjusted trial balance is prepared after the adjusting
entries have been journalized and posted.
LO 4 Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 62
Adjusted Trial Balance
Review Answer
Which of the following statements is incorrect concerning the
adjusted trial balance?
a. An adjusted trial balance proves the equality of the total
debit balances and the total credit balances in the ledger
after all adjustments are made.
b. The adjusted trial balance provides the primary basis for the
preparation of financial statements.
c. Answer: The adjusted trial balance lists the account
balances segregated by assets and liabilities.
d. The adjusted trial balance is prepared after the adjusting
entries have been journalized and posted.
LO 4 Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 63
Preparing Financial Statements
ILLUSTRATION 3.30
ILLUSTRATION 3.31
LEARNING OBJECTIVE 5
Prepare adjusting entries for the alternative treatment of deferrals.
ILLUSTRATION 3A.2
ILLUSTRATION 3A.5
LO 5 Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 73
Summary of Basic Relationships for
Deferrals
Types of Reason for Adjustment Accounts Balances before Adjusting Entry
Adjustment Adjustment
ILLUSTRATION 3A.7
LO 5 Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 74
Financial Reporting Concept
LEARNING OBJECTIVE 6
Discuss financial reporting concepts.
Relevance
ILLUSTRATION 3B.1
Faithful
Representation
ILLUSTRATION 3B.1
ILLUSTRATION 3B.2
LO 6 Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 76
Assumptions in Financial Reporting (1 of 2)
ILLUSTRATION 3B.3
ILLUSTRATION 3B.3
Accounting standard-setters
weigh the cost that
companies will incur to
provide the information
against the benefit that
financial statement users will
gain from having the
information available.