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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:07/July-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
VOLTAGE STABILITY ASSESSMENT OF POWER SYSTEM WITH
INCREASING ENERGY WIND PENETRATION
Aparna Girnale*1, Vaishali Chavhan*2
*1Student, School Of Electrical Power System & Engineering, G.H. Raisoni
University, Amravati, India.
*2Assist. Prof., School Of Electrical Power System & Engineering, G.H. Raisoni
University, Amravati, India.
ABSTRACT
With the increasing penetration rates of wind power generation in global energy systems, it is important to
understand the impact of wind generators on dynamics of the energy system and stability. Wind generators
have distinct features compared to conventional power generators used in conventional power systems, such
as interruptions and limited forecasting of wind turbines, and the use of power generators that do not adapt to
power transformers, which partially or partially dissipate electrical energy. Because of these unique features,
wind generators can affect the stability of existing networks in terms of voltage stability, frequency intensity
and rotor angle stability. Through critical review of existing literature related to these areas, it has been
identified that there are significant research gaps related to the stability of electrical energy in rich wind
networks, with a focus on the work presented in this thesis.
Keywords: Voltage Stability, IEEE14 Bus, DFIG, Error Detection, Error Location, Microgrid Protection.
I. INTRODUCTION
A large portion of the world's electricity is still produced from fossil fuels due to the low cost of generating
electricity. Such efforts have helped to increase the penetration of these renewable resources into the energy
sector which requires an urgent understanding of their impact on the stability of the power system, especially
at a high level of penetration. Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into electricity or mechanical
energy using wind turbines. Air power is released by allowing it to blow through moving blades using torque on
the rotor. The amount of energy transferred depends on the size of the ridge and the wind speed.
1.1 Wind Energy Penetration
At any given time, the average amount of energy delivered to the power grid from wind production to the total
amount of energy delivered to the grid from all sources during that time. For example, if within a specified time,
1000 megawatt-hours (MWh) of electricity is delivered to the grid where 200 MWh is obtained from the wind
power generator, the input of wind power at that time is 20%.
1.2 Background
Concerns about the environment, the depletion of fossil fuels and the increase in energy demand have fueled
the demand for alternative energy sources. Recent advances in renewable energy technologies, coupled with
lowering the cost of generating energy units, have opened up opportunities for renewable energy resources to
be integrated into power networks. More importantly, unlike conventional energy sources focused on limited
areas around the world, renewable energy sources are virtually ubiquitous [1]. Wind power is the most
promising of renewable resources from a technical and economic point of view. People have used wind energy
since ancient times through their use such as pumping water, grinding grain, cutting wood from saws, etc. Since
the 20th century, wind power has found a new application in generating electricity from small wind farms
suitable for farms. and residential areas on large scale wind farms that are connected to power grids [2] .
School system stability of the energy system is the property of the energy system that enables it to maintain a
stable operating environment under normal conditions and also to achieve acceptable balance. name the
following network disruption [9]. Such interference in the power network may be small in the form of slow
shift load, control operation, etc., and large in the form of loss of a large generator or load, as well as a short
circuit in the power cord, etc. [10]. The stability of the power system can be classified as the rotation angle of
the rotor and the stability of the voltage [9 - 10]. The rotation angle of the rotor refers to the synchronism in the
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synchronous machines in the power system, whereas, the voltage stabilization refers to the power of the power
system to maintain acceptable voltage across all its buses. Rotor angle stability can be as subdivisions as low
signal stability and short-term stability. Small signal stability is the ability of the power system to maintain
synchronization following the emergence of small disturbances. In contrast, transient stability refers to its
ability to maintain synchronism following major temporal disruptions [9]. Energy system stability is a major
concern for the safe and reliable operation of the energy system. The growth of connections, the addition of
new renewable technologies and their performance in stressful situations have raised concerns about the
instability of the energy system much higher than before [10].
1.3 Motivation
Technology has enabled wind power to be used to generate electricity on a scale. The benefits of nature and the
reduction of costs in wind technology have put wind energy as a competitive resource in conventional power
generation sources. The inflow of air into the power networks has increased significantly and will continue to
grow for the reasons mentioned above.
1.4 Objective
To study the impact of different levels of wind input on the stability of a small signal of a power system.
To detect the impact of other parts of the network on high wind intensity from stable viewing power.
To study the impact of wind power penetration on the weak stability of a weak distribution network.
To study the impact of variance in parameters and input level of renewable resources, including converter-
based power supplies to wind farms, in the stability of a small grid signal.
II. STABILITY IMPACT OF WIND POWER PENETRATION
Wind power is one of the leading renewable resources being utilized for electricity generation all over the
world due to its technological and economic superiority over the rest of the renewable resources. Apart from
that, the wind integration has already given beneficial impacts by cutting off carbon emissions from electricity
production and reducing the operational costs of the power system. Additionally, the wind power integrated
into power networks also adds the capacity value to the power system. In the technical sense, there is no
limitation to wind integration; however, such integrations should not reduce the reliability, and must guarantee
the stability of the power system. Even though a power system is designed to withstand a wide range of
disturbances, small and large, the dynamic behavior of such a power system is determined by the behavior and
the interaction of the generators existing there, including the wind generators. Till date, the majority of the
wind farms are based on the constant speed technology due to the simplicity in its design, low cost, and
robustness.
III. WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM
The normal power system is controlled by power output; however, the wind-based energy system depends on
the availability of flexible air from nature. However, with technological advancement and economic
competition, wind power is an important source of energy today. These positive qualities exist in addition to
other renewable sources, making wind power a clear choice for state-scale power generation. The wind energy
conversion system converts wind kinetic energy into electrical energy or other forms of energy. Having the
natural friendliness and benefits mentioned above in addition to other resources, wind power has shown
tremendous growth over the past decade [11]. Technological advances have improved the reliability and power
of wind turbines in addition to reducing the cost of power generation unit [12]. The basic wind power
conversion system consists of a wind turbine, an electric generator, power cords and loads as shown in the
figure. horizontal wind turbines and straight wind turbines. Horizontal wind turbine is the most common style
of wind turbine in which the turbine rotates on a horizontal axis, and on a straight wind turbine is the main.
rotor shaft vertically. Grid wind farms are mainly type of horizontal wind turbines [12]. These turbines can also
be classified as types of fixed speed. In wind turbines of fixed speed, the rotor is connected to the generator, and
the stator winding is connected directly to the grid.For flexible wind turbines, a DFIG-based generator, a
permanent synchronous magnet generator and a rotary synchronous generator are used. Among them, a
flexible wind technology that uses a DFIG-based generator is the most popular wind technology today. In this
thesis, DFIG-based generator-powered flexible wind engine technology is considered to analyze stability.
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Figure 2: Wind Energy Conversion System

IV. DFIG BASED WIND GENERATOR
A schematic diagram of a DFIG-based wind generator model is shown in Fig. 3. The stator is connected to a
three-phase grid, and the rotor side is fed with a back to back pulse wide modulation based voltage source
inverter with a standard DC connector. The supply side converter controls the flow of power between the DC
and grid connector while the power switch next to the rotor provides mechanical enjoyment. The supply side
converter operates at a grid frequency, whereas, the rotor-side converter at different frequencies depending on
the speed of the blades. The converter is installed as a current source with d-axis rotor current and q-axis rotor
current as a variable, and these variables are used for rotor speed and voltage control. DFIG-based flexible
model.
The wind generator is made up of the following components: wind speed model, aerodynamic model, voice
angle control model, driving machine model, and DFIG model. The wind speed model is made up of four parts:
basic wind, storm, outflow wind and random air
Figure 3: DFIG-based air generator

V. MATLAB SIMULATION MODEL OF HEALTHY CONDITION
Figure 4: MATLAB Simulink model of Healthy Condition

Figure 4 shows the complete MATLAB Simulink model of the proposed route where the IEEE 14 sub-bus
system, the sub-system model is a design to take read between different error mode.
5.1 IEEE 14 Bus Subsystem
Figure 5.1 shows the complete IEEE bus system model 14. The transmission line connected between each bus
bar and the resistance line, inductance and power shown in table 1. There are five generators connected to bus
bar 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 while loads -RL connected to the rest of the bus. system. Table 2 shows the bus bar
generator and IEEE 14 bus system loading data.

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Figure 5.1: IEEE 14 Bus Subsystem

Figure 5.1 shows the MATLAB simulation of IEEE 14 Bus Subsystem
Table 5.1.1: IEEE 14 Bus system MATLAB Simulation transmission line data

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Table 5.1.2: IEEE 14 Bus system bus bar and generator data for MATLAB Simulink model
5.2 Matlab Simulation Model Of Faulty Condition
Figure 5.2: MATLAB Simulation Model of Faulty Condition

5.2.1 IEEE 14 BUS Under Faulty Condition
Figure 5.2.1: MATLAB Simulink model of IEEE 14 Bus System under Faulty Condition

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5.3. MATLAB Simulation Model of Mitigated condition using Statcom
5.3. MATLAB Simulation Model of Mitigated condition using Statcom

55.4 Simulation Results for Healthy Condition
Figure 5.4.1: Three phase voltage of IEEE 14 bus system under Healthy condition
Figure 5.4.1 Shows three phase voltage in per unit measured of system under normal condition. Upper axis
shows the three-phase voltage in per unit which is in constant magnitude and lower axis shows time between 0
to 0.1sec.
5.4.2 Penetration Results for healthy condition
Figure 5.4.2: Wind Penetration Results for Healthy Condition

5.5.5 Simulation Results for Faulty Condition
5.5.1 Three phase voltage measurement

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Figure 5.5.1: Three phase voltage per unit of system when LLLG fault occurred between 0 to 5 sec.
Figure 5.4.2 Demonstrates three phases of power per unit measured on a small grid system in the event of an
LLLG error on bus 7 in the system. The upper axis shows the voltage of three phases and the y axis indicates the
time.
5.5.2 Penetration level Results for faulty condition
Figure 5.5.2 Wind Penetration results For faulty

This result shows after occurance of Fault how it impacts to the Penetration level .As we can see changes in
penetration level occuring in this because of fault creation at bus 7 in IEEE 14 bus system.
5.5.3 GENSET results for faulty condition
Figure 5.5.3: GENSET Results for faulty condition

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From this figure we are getting results for 3 phase voltage , 3phase current ,direct voltage , Active Power ,
Reactive Power.
5.5.6 Simulation Results for Mitigated Condition
5.6.1 Three phase voltage measurement
Figure 5.6.1: Three phase voltage per unit of system when statcom is used
Figure 5.6.1 Shows three phase voltage per unit measured at bus bar 7 of IEEE 14 bus microgrid system when
LLLG fault occurred at bus 7 in system. Upper axis shows the three-phase voltage whose magnitude is
increasing after using statcom for mitigation.
5.6.2 Penetration level Results for Mitigated condition
Figure 5.6.2: Wind Penetration level results For Mitigated Condition

This result shows after use of statcom how it impacts to the Penetration level .As we can see changes in
penetration level
5.6.3 GENSET results for Mitigated condition
Figure 5.6.3: GENSET Results for Mitigated condition

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From this figure we are getting results for 3 phase voltage , 3phase current ,direct voltage , Active Power ,
Reactive Power.
5.6.4 Turbine Power Characteristics
Figure 5.6.4: Turbine Power Characteristics

VI. CONCLUSION
This thesis investigated the effect of high wind intensity on oscillatory pathways of low frequency, and
identified the influences of different control devices in that rotation. The potential of such control devices to
improve the temporary stability of integrated wind power systems is also explored in this thesis. In the
distribution network, as power intensity is a major problem, this thesis investigated the effect of wind power
on the power stabilization of a distribution farm with an wind farm when connected to the weaker part of the
server. Finally, the robustness of a small microgrid network signal was examined to improve the design of those
microgrids that hold a set of incoming and outgoing DGs.
VII. FUTURE SCOPE
The voltage stabilization of the transmission and sub-transmission system can be problematic soon due to the
high input of wind power, due to renewable energy intake has increased significantly in recent years.
VIII. REFERENCES
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SelfExcited ReluctanceGenerator," in 2018 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica, 2018, pp. 485-490.
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[3] A. Sharif, S. A. Raza, I. Ozturk, and S. Afshan, "The dynamic relationship of renewable and nonrenewable
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[5] A. S. O. Ogunjuyigbe, T. R. Ayodele, and B. B. Adetokun, "Steady state analysis of wind-driven self-
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Reviews, vol. 76, pp. 1122-1133, 2017/09/01/ 2017.
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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

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Figure 2: Wind Energy Conversion System

Figure 3: DFIG-based air generator

Figure 4: MATLAB Simulink model of Healthy Condition

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Figure 5.1: IEEE 14 Bus Subsystem

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5.2 Matlab Simulation Model Of Faulty Condition

Figure 5.2: MATLAB Simulation Model of Faulty Condition

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5.3. MATLAB Simulation Model of Mitigated condition using Statcom

Figure 5.4.2: Wind Penetration Results for Healthy Condition

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Figure 5.5.2 Wind Penetration results For faulty

Figure 5.5.3: GENSET Results for faulty condition

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Figure 5.6.2: Wind Penetration level results For Mitigated Condition

Figure 5.6.3: GENSET Results for Mitigated condition

Figure 5.6.4: Turbine Power Characteristics

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