COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevention and Protection Measures to Be Adopted at

the Workplace
SARS-CoV-2, identified in Wuhan, China, for the first time in December
2019, is a new viral strain, which has not been previously identified in humans; it
can be transmitted both by air and via direct and indirect contact; however, the
most frequent way it spreads is via droplets. Like the other viruses belonging to the
same family of coronaviruses, it can cause from mild flu-like symptoms, such as
cold, sore throat, cough and fever, to more severe ones such as pneumonia and
breathing difficulties, and it can even lead to death.
Since no effective specific drug therapy has been found yet, nor any vaccine
capable of limiting the spread of this pathogen, it is important for ways of
preventing the spread of this infection to be established. The purpose of our
research was to provide a protocol to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection
in light of the limited information related to this coronavirus. In detail, we analyzed
and searched targeted evidence-based guidelines issued in the various countries
affected by this epidemic up till now. In addition, we analyzed the
recommendations for the prevention and control of other epidemics caused by other
pathogens belonging to the same family of coronaviruses or others that present the
same mechanisms of transmission.
General organizational measures regarding the containment and management
of the epidemiological emergency of COVID-19 have been imposed by the
competent authorities for an adequate and proportionate management of the
evolution of the epidemiological situation. The prevention and protection
organizational measures therefore aim to minimize the probability of being exposed
to SARS-CoV-2.
For this purpose, measures must also be taken at work to avoid new
infections or even the spread of the virus where it has already been present.
Furthermore, environmental measures are aimed at reducing the risk of
transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to individuals through contact with infected subjects,
objects, equipment, or contaminated environmental surfaces. Protective devices
must be used whenever there is potentially close contact with a suspect case,
especially when the potentially infected person does not wear a surgical mask that
could reduce the spread of viruses in the environment.
By adopting this specific prevention and protection measures recommended
in the workplace, it will be possible to help overcome this COVID-19 pandemic.
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability
Sustainability 2020, 12, 3603; http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093603