11

unit
Language summary
Grammar Vocabulary
Past passive Compound Verb and noun
adjectives formation
Wh- questions
award-winning announce a tour
When was the song first released? best-selling appreciate music
How many albums were downloaded in 2008? high-priced compose music
nice-sounding entertain an
Active (simple past) Passive (past of be + past participle) oddly named audience
me I was often-downloaded perform a song
you You were record-breaking produce a song
him He was well-known record a song
They gave her an award. She was given an award. release a new
it It was album
us We were
them They were
Functions
• The passive voice places the focus of a sentence on the receiver of an action instead Beginning instructions
of the doer of an action. First, . . .
• Use the passive voice when the doer of an action is not known or is not important.
To start, . . .
• When the doer of the action is important, you may use the passive voice with by.
The first thing you do is . . .
I was given an award by the president of the college.
Continuing instructions
Yes / no questions Short answers Short answers
Next, . . .
Affirmative Negative
Then, . . .
Was I you were. you weren’t. After that, . . .
Were you I was. I wasn’t.
Ending instructions
Was he he was. he wasn’t.
Finally, . . .
Was she given an Yes, she was. No, she wasn’t.
To finish, . . .
award? it was. it wasn’t.
The last thing you do is . . .
Was it you were you weren’t.
Were we we were. we weren’t.
Were you they were they weren’t.
Were they

Present perfect with yet and already

• In questions, use yet when you expect the action to have happened.
Have you seen the movie yet?
• In affirmative statements, already means the action has happened earlier.
Yes, I’ve already seen the movie. NOT Yes, I’ve seen the movie yet.
• In negative statements, yet means the action hasn’t happened, but you expect it to.
No, I haven’t seen the movie yet. OR No, not yet. NOT No, I haven’t seen the
movie already.
• Yet goes at the end of the sentence. Already can go between have / has and the
verb, or at the end of the sentence.

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