10

unit
Language summary
Grammar Vocabulary
Reported speech Three-word Verbs +
phrasal verbs prepositions
Direct statements Reported statements catch up with believe
“I am sorry.” He said (that) he was sorry. come up with decide
“I am leaving.” You said (that) you were leaving. get along with depend
“I took care of the bills.” He said (that) he had taken care get away with dream
of the bills. keep up with forget
“We’ve already eaten lunch.” She said (that) they had already look forward to hear
eaten lunch. look up to participate
“You will come up with an idea.” He said (that) I would come up put up with plan
with an idea. take care of rely
worry
• Use reported speech to tell what a speaker has said without using the person’s exact
words.
• Do not use quotation marks with reported speech. Functions
• Use tell or say to report statements.
• That is optional in reported statements. Changing the topic
• When using reported speech, you often have to change the tense of the verb. That reminds me, . . .
Simple present → simple past By the way, . . .
Present continuous → past continuous I just thought of something . . .
Simple past → past perfect
Returning to a topic
Present perfect → past perfect
Will → would But as I was saying, . . .
• When using reported speech, you often have to change the time, place, and personal To finish what I was saying, . . .
references. To get back to what I was saying, . . .
“I took care of my bills this morning.”
She said she had taken care of her bills that morning.
“Are you coming here?”
He asked me if I was going there.
Direct yes / no questions Reported yes / no questions
“Are you sorry?” He asked me if I was sorry.
“Are you leaving?” You asked me if I was leaving.
“Did you take care of the bills?” He asked me if I had taken care of the
bills.
“Have you already eaten lunch?” She asked us if we had already eaten
lunch.
“Will you come up with an idea?” He asked me if I would come up with an
idea.
• Use reported yes / no questions to tell what a speaker has asked without using the
person’s exact words.
• Do not use quotation marks with reported questions. Do not use a question mark with
reported questions.
• Use ask . . . if in reported yes / no questions.
• When using reported yes / no questions, you often have to change pronouns and the
tense of the verb, but follow the statement word order.
He asked me if I was sorry. NOT He asked me if was I sorry.

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