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    Physics

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    12 views15 pages

    Mechanical Properties of Matter Topic 10

    Uploaded by

    Robert Simazuo
    Physics

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 15
    MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER Stobes of matter: oe ; tquid ges Apia difference clue bo forces acting between atoms & molecules of substances. + Gas - very weak inter- atomic forces atoms /molecules move freel + Liquid /Solids- forces shong in enough to reshict smovement £o @ certain extent. . Stoke of substance depends on TEMPERATURE) & PRESSURE eg Water : Solid - low temperature Liquid - erdiner Eemperature Gas - high temp. . Selita can exist in erystelline or @ mor phous crystalline s z fA eg glass, wax Nach shructuce armpits Solid Erratic motion of molecule in a liquid. DENSITY - one of the properties of matter mass per unit volume defn. DENSITY = Massof substance Voldme of substance + Symbol Greek JeHer P (ano) udits : tm ST kg /pa > PB Orting susie + Relative heaviness "Pvt is due % density eq. lead heavier than aluminiam => Lead is more dense thon aluminium. 4e, Lead has greater density than aluminium, « Im? of Pb nds mass = “11,300 kg aieroes im> of AC has mass = 2,700 kg es SI unit is ka /ns* in prachece it rs eqs : Nous sometimes written as Ue 1%y$ 2 l0*kg/y3 Densities of some materials (Atm. press ambient tem Substance SI(kg/m3) eqs. Sen?) Air 1-3 1-3 x10 Waker 1-0x10° 1.0 oo 8.9x8 8.4 ol 4-4 x10" 19 Lead tx to" " Example A 509 bracelet is suspected of bein Lead~inskead ef pure md W When # a. puk in eae sc shed ae cm ry er pred ie t Is 2! bk Paceket maple n of ves mass Ls polar " oe Solution: Braceler olensity Pee = 205 «125 gfem8 4em Sohn < Pe M4gpp 1k is me pure gold. . 4 the proportion of ia My ,+M, = 5 v) Vent Va ® te ay rewnte cand) as My = 5D9 - My (;') also Ui) as z +My . Aw’ (iy) Subshtuke be mA Ia ® 19g lem bs, 2 "glow? in eqn Gv) May +(e - “ = 4om® he v Pe a) 5b lus: “a Bia me! Howl soln For, Yow? ee Ig mm fs Proportion oe gold is HY 50, = 0.28 or 28% Example A 509 beacelet is suspected of being gold- plate lead “instead of pure gold. When it i= dropped in a glass full of eaber 4cm® of water fbenfiais : Is~the bracelef pure gold? if not, what propertton of its mass is geld? SOLUTION Bracelet density P « ms 23, = 12-59 hm3 12.5 9h < R. = 199/¢m3 To find proportion F gold note; rh + Mp, = 509 “iy Yet 7 4em® Gid from ti) mp, =509-™,, , subshtute for Me, and f= 'VWlead & golg,s into Gi) not pure gold. Me + (509 - tan | Aen? 19963 {gy Ny ™, = Wg ‘ «' Properkion of gold is "%o, = 0-28 or 287 SPECIFIC GRAVITY (SG) - SG is related ts densit CRelahve density] + Defined as ratio of makerial § density be pure waker ak 4°C te. SG, = s climensionless number 4o 09 FR 219m? then $6. = 2-7 oe ings , abe bands ete exhibit a properly call elas tei ; * Compressed or Stretched, have bendency to retuen, to original Jength (stoke) hen foe 2 VS removed + Deformation Jicectt proportron ks applied force Cwithin certain Limits ) : _ spring # ee L is stretched by OL en cael. “ force « Robert Hooke investigated sueh behaviour and ut up o Low thet says ed an ge er otherwise distort, @ amount o dis! fon in tiona to the dis ochin = tei Lhe Hookes law: F =k AL where “pecan” Gaertn object. NS. propor enallty fails if overstretched, , Mlbimake strength if Se - yo Ploshe reqren Breaking point Distortion (AL) STRESS & STRAIN - Eerms used in describing elastic properties of matter, -—=1 E . Tensile force j-— Lal ——>| LM to surface —(__— Compressive force le Leto 1 to surfice . a Stress due te force F ig olefined as Stress = Force = F Area A Units : N/m? - INim* = 1 Pa (Pascal) Strain = elongation . AL al originel length Le ba’ = frockional change én. \ length ; < Strain is dimensionless | ratio“ef lengths « Stress fs a measure of the dis « Strain is a measure & the distortron . w Hookes Low con be restated as : Stress = Constant x Strain + Law ean apply & stretching , bending, twisting Constunt depends on mekerial and bype of deformotion. + Constant is eolled ELASTIC MoDULUS te Eloshc modulus = SESS Units same ag tress . strain s 5 Thus elaste modulus is 0 measure OF o material $ ‘rigidly i If stress is applied 15 40 an asee along one dimension - A Tensile or compressive cases elashe modulus is called In such YOUNG'S moDuLUs Y= Fa = Stress 4y,, Strain Permanent deformation occucs if the elashc Limit is exceeded, EXAMPLE! A copper wire 10mm in diameter and 2.0m long is used th suppock a mass of 5.0kg. By how much does the wire stretch under this “load? . CGiven ¥ for Cu = 11x tO" N/mt SOtuTION from = Y= FA ali, solving for OL , Alben since radius of imm@ is 5x10'm, we have L=20m , Feamg =(Skg X98 m/ct) = 49N Yo tteio® Nin? -, A 2 et = (3102 )(5x109) = 7.85% 107m"™ a SL = _(2-0m)(49N (v-.xt0"Nfo®) (7.85107) 2 LLAtIo>m or tel mm SHEAR » Shear stresses change shape & not volume e9. re book covers are pushed out of alignment with one fixed relative bo the other.

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