10/3/22, 12:12 PM AD3301 - Unit II - Part 3 .

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Multiple Subplots

Different views of data side by side

Matplotlib has the concept of subplots: groups of smaller axes that can exist together within a
single figure

plt.axes: Subplots by Hand

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.style.use('seaborn-white')
import numpy as np

ax1 = plt.axes() # standard axes

ax2 = plt.axes([0.65, 0.65, 0.2, 0.2])

fig = plt.figure()
ax1 = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.5, 0.8, 0.4],
xticklabels=[], ylim=(-1.2, 1.2))
ax2 = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.4],
ylim=(-1.2, 1.2))
x = np.linspace(0, 10)
ax1.plot(np.sin(x))
ax2.plot(np.cos(x))

plt.subplot: Simple Grids of Subplots

for i in range(1, 5):

plt.subplot(2, 2, i)
plt.text(0.5, 0.5, str((2, 2, i)),fontsize=18, ha='center')

The command plt.subplots_adjust can be used to adjust the spacing between these plots

fig = plt.figure()
fig.subplots_adjust(hspace=0.8, wspace=0.8)
for i in range(1, 7):
ax = fig.add_subplot(2, 3, i)
ax.text(0.5, 0.5, str((2, 3, i)),
fontsize=18, ha='center')

plt.subplots: The Whole Grid in One Go

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Rather than creating a single subplot, this function creates a full grid of subplots in a single line,
returning them in a NumPy array.

The arguments are the number of rows and number of columns,

along with optional keywords sharex and sharey, which allow you to specify the relationships
between different axes.

fig, ax = plt.subplots(2, 2,sharex='col', sharey='row')

for i in range(2):
for j in range(2):
ax[i, j].text(0.5, 0.5, str((i, j)),fontsize=18, ha='center')

plt.GridSpec: More Complicated Arrangements

The plt.GridSpec() object does not create a plot by itself; it is simply a convenient interface that
is recognized by the plt.subplot() command.

grid = plt.GridSpec(2, 3, wspace=0.4, hspace=0.3)

plt.subplot(grid[0, 0])
plt.subplot(grid[0, 1:])
plt.subplot(grid[1, :2])
plt.subplot(grid[1, 2])

Text and Annotation

A good visualization involves guiding the reader so that the figure tells a story

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import matplotlib as mpl
plt.style.use('seaborn-whitegrid')
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

fig, ppool = plt.subplots()

t = np.arange(0.0, 1.0, 0.001)

s = np.sin(2 * np.pi * t)
line = ppool.plot(t, s)
ppool.annotate('Peak Value', xy=(.50, 1),
xytext=(1, 1),arrowprops=dict(facecolor='yellow',
shrink=0.05),xycoords="data",)
ppool.set_ylim(-1.5, 1.5)

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# Import library

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Define Data

x = [7, 14, 21, 28, 35]

y = [4, 8, 12, 16, 20]

# Plot a Graph

plt.plot(x, y, color = 'r', linestyle= '--')

# Add multiple texts

plt.text(13, 18, "I am Adding Text To The Plot \nI am Trying To Add a New Line of Text \nW

x and y: specifies the coordinates to place text.

# Import library

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Define Data

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

# Plot a Graph

plt.plot(x)

# Define bbox style

box_style=dict(boxstyle='round', facecolor='wheat', alpha=0.5)

# Text inside a box

plt.text(1.2,4.2, "$y=mx + c$",{'color':'red','weight':'heavy','size':20},bbox=box_style)

# Display Graph

plt.show()

In the above example, we use plt.text() method to add a text inside the chart and we pass the
keyword argument bbox to place a text inside the box. The style of the bbox is defined in the

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box_style variable.

Customizing Ticks

A tick is a short line on an axis.

Ticks are always the same color and line style as the axis.

Ticks come in two types: major and minor.

Major ticks separate the axis into major units.

Minor ticks subdivide the major tick units.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np
from matplotlib.ticker import (MultipleLocator, AutoMinorLocator)
from scipy.stats import norm

x_axis = np.arange(-100, 100, 0.01)

mean = np.mean(x_axis)
sd = np.std(x_axis)
y_axis = norm.pdf(x_axis, mean, sd)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(x_axis,y_axis)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(x_axis,y_axis)
ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(50))

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(x_axis,y_axis)

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#ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(50))
ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(MultipleLocator(10))
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(x_axis,y_axis)
ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(50))
ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(MultipleLocator(10))
ax.tick_params(which='minor', length=10, color='r')
ax.tick_params(which='major', length=20,color='g')

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