Effectiveness of Modular Learning System among Grade 12 HUMSS Students

Alven E. Mendoza

Chapter 1
Introduction to the Study

Chapter 1 is made up of five parts, namely: (1) Background and Theoretical

Framework of the Study, (2) Statement of the Problem and the Hypothesis, (3)
Significance of the Study, (4) Definition of Terms, and Delimitation of the study.
Part One, Background, presents the rationale for selecting the present’s
problem and the study's frame of reference that strengthens the reason for
investigation. Theoretical Framework, discusses the principles and ideas on which
the study is anchored, and the various variables surrounding the problems onto
which the problem may have relation with or influence.
Part Two, Statement of the Problem and the Hypothesis, states the general and
specific objectives of the study, which are to be addressed in the study and the
hypotheses to be tested.
Part Three, Significance of the Study, discusses the benefits each end - users
may derive from each can profit from the result.
Part Four, Definition of Terms, defines both conceptually and operationally the
key variables used in the study.
Part Five, Delimitation of the Study, specifies the limits as well as boundaries of
the research in terms of variables, participants, instruments and statistical tools
used in the study.

Background and Theoretical Framework of the Study

During 2020, the pandemic came and brought changes in many perspectives
of our lives including our education and academic life. While the COVID-19 pandemic
sent educational institutions scrambling to move classes online, many forget that
there are other modes for distance learning. Online learning system is not the only
type of distance learning system. However, the most popular mode of distance
learning under consideration is modular learning system. To make sure that learning
remains unhampered, DepEd implemented a distance learning approach, a learning
delivery mode where interaction takes place between the teacher and the students
who are geographically remote from each other during instruction. This means
lessons will be delivered outside the traditional face-to-face setup. The modules
include sections on motivation and assessment that serve as a complete guide of
both teachers’ and students’ desired competencies. Teachers will monitor the
learners’ progress through home visits (following social distancing protocols) and
feedback mechanisms, and guide those who need special attention.
Modules are increasingly being used in many countries as a way of
organising a language curriculum. As a consequence, many course books are now
structured on the basis of “modules” rather than “units”. The concept of “module”
is strictly linked to the idea of a flexible language curriculum.Taneja (1989)
defined module as a unit of work in a course of instruction that is virtually self-
contained and a method of teaching that is based on the concept ofbuilding up
skills and knowledge in discrete.
A module is a set of learning opportunities organized around a well -
defined topic which contains the elements of ordinate dictation, categorical
objectives, edifying cognition activities, and evaluation utilizing criterion -
referenced measures UNESCO (1988) A module covers either a single element of
subject matter content or a group of content elements composing a discrete unit of
subject matter or area of adeptness. A module has placidly defined, objectives;
preferably in behavioural form (Daries, 1981).
 Varieties of teaching methods that will fixate on cumulating methods
that can best realize the creative and constructive engagement with learning
activitiess that leads to understanding Ramsden (1992). Even very good designed
modules, with very well defined learning outcomes, can fail if the edification
strategies employed are infelicitous to inspirit and support the learners towards
meeting the desired learning outcomes.
Overall, this study has substantial effects to impart on the people’s
existing knowledge especially the Humanities and Social Sciences Students of our
country about effectiveness of modular learning system mong grade 12 HUMSS
students.
Figure 1 shows the conceptual framework of the study.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Modular Learning

System among the Grade 12 HUMSS Students of Dao National High School.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
1. What are the profile of the respondents in terms of the following:
a. Age, b. Sex, c. Religion, d. Place of residence, e. Parent’s monthly income f.
Gadgets used g. Type of internet cconnectivity
2. What are the different factors that affects the modular learning system of
the students in the following areas:
a. Learning Climate b. Transfer of Learning and, c. Workplace Environment
3. Is there a significant relationship between the profile of the respondents
and the different factors that affects the modular learning system of the Grade 12
HUMSS student of Dao National High School?

Significance of the Study

This study is delimited in determining effectiveness of Modular Learning

System among the Grade 12 Humanities and Social Sciences Students in Dao National
High School on the following:
Personal – related factors were limited to: Age, Sex, Religion, Place of
residence, Parent’s monthly income, Gadgets used and type of internet connectivity.
It is also focuses on the factors that affects the modular distance learning
of the students along the following: Learning climate, Transfer of Learning and,
Workplace Environment.
The respondents of the study will be randomly selected to the Grade 12 HUMSS
students of Dao National High School. Grade 12 – HUMSS teachers will also be
included to validate the perceptions of the Grade 12 HUMSS students.

Definition of Terms

For better clarification and understanding of the terms related to this

study, the following terms will be defined conceptually and operationally.
Transfer of Learning - Transfer of learning means the use of previously
acquired knowledge and skills in new learning or problem-solving situations.
Learning Climate - Refers to the prevailing mood, attitudes, standards, and
tone in the clinical or classroom environment
Workplace Environment - All your surroundings when working including physical
and psychological.
Personal-related Factors - It refers to age, sex, religion, place of living
educational attainment and monthly income of the respondents.
 Age - This refers to the length of time during which a person has lived.
Sex - lt pertains to the gender classification of an individual as a male or
female.
Religion - This refers to the fundamental set of beliefs and practices
generally agreed upon by a group of people.
Place of Living - It refers to whether the respondent is living in the rural
area or in the urban area.

Delimitation of the Study

To realize the purpose of this study, the descriptive-correlational

method of research was utilized with the main objective of generating hypothesis
regarding the personal related factors and factors affecting learning of the
students. The descriptive method is one which is concerned with the conditions or
relationships that exist, practices that prevail, beliefs, points of view or
attitudes that are held; processes going on; effects that are left; trends that are
developing. It is often combined with comparison and contrast involving
measurement, classification, interpretation and evaluation.