Branches of Artificial Intelligence

Branches of artificial intelligence are

1. Machine Learning
2. Expert Systems
3. Neural Networks
4. Natural Language Processing
5. Robotics

The main factor used to differentiate the various branches of artificial intelligence is the mode of
application. Each branch of artificial intelligence is unique with regards to the manner in which it
is applied.

Other factors that differentiate the branches of artificial intelligence are complexity, mode of
operation, and utilization.

1). Machine Learning

Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence that involves developing and applying
algorithms that enable a computer software to perform tasks through an adaptive process.

In machine learning, it is not necessary for the system to be programmed to perform a specific
function. The aim of machine learning is to provide solutions to real-life problems by processing,
analyzing, and interpreting data.

There are three subcategories of machine learning.

• Supervised Learning
• Unsupervised Learning
• Reinforcement Learning

2). Expert Systems

An expert system is an artificial intelligence system which makes decisions and solves
complex problems using heuristics and stored data.

Expert systems are knowledge-based; meaning that they typically employ stored data to solve
problems.

With regards to decision-making, expert systems are generally designed to imitate human
behaviors.
The mechanism by which expert systems work, is a result-oriented mechanism. These systems do
not rely on conventional programming methods.

3). Neural Networks

Neural networks are artificial intelligence systems that are designed after human
neurological systems, and are used to solve real-world problems by identifying relational
links between variables in datasets.

Areas of the application of this type of artificial intelligence technology include fraud detection,
digital assistants, and market analysis.

4). Natural Language Processing

Natural language processing (NLP) is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the
extraction of information data in either the text or audio formats.

In natural language processing, the computer system is programmed to recognize human

interaction patterns, and it uses these patterns to simulate or analyze such human interactions.

Some applications of natural language processing include chatbots, and personal assistants.

5). Robotics

Robotics is a branch of artificial intelligence which is concerned with the design, development
and deployment of robots.

The knowledge of various fields, including computer science and engineering, are applicable in
robotics. Basically, robots are designed to handle tasks that are commonly handled by humans.
These tasks are mostly monotonous and heavy or dangerous. However, the advancement of
artificial intelligence has broadened the scope of utilization of robots, to include more complicated
tasks.

The mechanism by which robotics functions, is similar to that of other branches of artificial
intelligence. It includes data collection, analysis, and utilization for decision-making.