EXample 14| Anumber Is chosen at rundom from the

flrst 50 posltive ntegers. Plnd the probabillty that the

chosen number is divislble by 4 or 5.

Solution Anumber can be chosen at randonn from the first

50 positive integers (ie, from I,2, 3, 4, ", 49, 50 ) in
C, 50 ditferent ways, Therefore, the sample space of the
problem contains 50 equally likely event polnts.
Let A and B denote the events that the chosen number is
divisible by 4and 5 respectively. Then we are to findthe value
of P(AU B),
Now, the first 50 positive integers contain 12 numbers which
are divisible by 4 ; 10 numbers which are divisible by 5 and
2 numbers which are divisible by both 4and5.
4)50(12 5)50(10 20)s0(2
48 50 40
2 10
Therefore, event A contains 12 equally likely event points, B
contains 10 equally likely event points and (AnB) contains
2 equally likely event points.
Hence, P(A) =12
50
P(B)= 0 and P(ANB)= 2
50 50
P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B) P(ANB)
12 10 2_12 +10-2 2
50 50 50 50

Example 15 The odds in favour of an event are 4:3.The

odds against another independent event are 2:3.What
is the probability that at least one of the events will
occur?

Solution Assume that the given events are A and B.

Then by problem, probability of occurrence of A
4 4
= P(A) = 4 +3 7

and probability of occurrence of B

3 3
= P(B) =
2+3 5
Therefore, the probability of occurrence of at least one of the
events A and B

= P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B) - PANB)

= P(A) + P(B) P (A)P (B)
[: Aand B are independent)
3 4 3 20 +21 - 12 29
35 35
 PA) =P(W)P(W,) +P(R)P(R,) +P(B,)P(B,)
(: pairs of events W,, W,; R
Ryi B
B, are independent)
4 5
or, P(A) = 020Xptnx
20 + 12 +9 41
120 120

Example 19 Boxes Iand II contain respectively 4 white,

3 red and 3 blue balls; and 5 white, 4 red and 3 blue
balls. If one ball is drawn from each box, what is the
probability that both the balls are of the same colour?

Solution Let W,, R, and B, denote the events that the

drawn ball from box I is white, red and blue respectively.
Similarly, W,, R, and B, are the events of drawing a white,
a red and a blue ball respectively from box II.
4 4 3 3
Then, P(W) = 4+3+3 oP(R) =o PB)=0
5 5 4
and P(W,) = 5+4+3 p P(R,) = PB,) =12
Let A denote the event that the two balls drawn from the boxes
are of same colour.

Then, A= (W, nW,)U (R, nR,) U(B, nB,)

P(A) =P(W, n W,) +P(R, NR,) +P(B, nB,)
[* the events (W, n W,), (R,n R,) and
(B, n B,) are mutually exclusive]
Example 21 A
picnic is arranged to be held on a
particular day. The weather forecast says that there is
80% chance of rain on that day. If it rains, the
probability of a good picnic is 0.3 and if it does not, the
probability is 0.9.What is the probability that the picnic
will be good?
Solution Let A be the event that the picnic is good and B
be the event of rain on the particular day of picnic. Then by
question,
80
P(B) = =0.8 .. P(B°) =1-P(B) = 1-0.8 = 0.2
100

And P (A/B) = 0.3, P(A/B°) = 0.9

Now, A= (BNA)U (B°nA) where the events (B A) and
(B°nA) are mutually exclusive.
.. bythe theorem of total probability we get,
P(A) = P(BNA)+ P(B°n A)
=P(B)P (A/B) + P(B)P(A/B)
= 0.8 X 0.3 + 0.2 x 0.9 = 0.24 +0.18 = 0.42
i.e., the probability that the picnic will be good = 0.42.
 Example 24 Abag contains 8 white and 7 black
another bag contains 5 white and 4 black balls, balls and
the
ball l
drawn at random fronn flrst bag mnd put It Into
ball is drawn at random
second bag. Now if aball
second bag, find the probability that the from
ball drawntheIs
white. JCBSE 'o7, HS' 181
Solution Let W, and B, denote the events that he
transferred ball from the first bag to the second are white and
black respectively. Then we must have,
8 7 7
P(W)=a
8+7 15
and PB)8+7 15

Let W, denote the event that the ball drawn randomly from
the second bag is white.
Clearly, event W, occurs if any of the two mutually exclusive
OCcurs. Therefore,
events (W, n W,) and (B, n W,)
W, =(W,n W,)U(B,nW,)
P(W,) =P(W, n W,) +P(B, n W2)
= P(W,)P(W,/W,) +P(B,)P (W,/B)
8 5+1 ,7 5
15 X 54+ 4+1 155+ 4 +1

8 x6 7
+
, X5 83
15 10 15 10 150
 3 5 3

Example 28 A couple has 2 children. Find the

probability that both are boys, if it is known that
(i) one of the children is a boy
(ii) the elder child is a boy [CBSE '08C]

Solution Let
B, :is the event that the younger child is a boy;
B, :is the event that the elder child is a boy;
G :is the event that the younger child is a girl and
G :is the event that the elder child is a girl
Then, the sample space S of the problem is
S= (B,B B,G, BG GzÛ}
Clearly, the sample space contains 4 egqually likely event
points.
Let A be the event that both children are boys and Cbe the
event that one of the children is a boy. Then,
A= {B,B} and C= (B,B, BG, BGz
AnC= {B,B}
Clearly, the event An Ccontains 1 event point and the
event C contains 3 equally likely event points; hence,
P(AnC) = and P(C) =
4
Now, by the theorem of conditional probability we get
P(An C) = P(C)P(A/C) or,
Or, P(A/C) =
i.e., the probability that both children are boys when it
is known that one of the children is a boy =P(A/C) = 3

Il/ Let D be the event that the eider child is a boy; then
D= (B,B,, B,G,);Clearly, AnD= (B,B)
P(D) =4 and P(AN D) =4
Now, using the theorem of conditional probability we
get,
P(AND) = P(D)P(A/D)
or, Or, P(A/D) =
2
i.e., the probability that both children are boys when it
is known that the elder child is a boy = P(A/D) =;
EXxample 31| If from each of the three boxes containing
3 white and 1 black, 2 white and 2 black, 1 white and
3 black balls, one ball is drawn at random, find the
probability of drawing 2 white and 1 black ball.
Solution Let W,, B, ; W,, B,; W,, B, be the respective
second
events of drawing a white and a black ball from the first,
and third boxes. Then by question,
3 1 2 1
P(W,)=, P(B,)=; P(W,)=$-5
1 3
P(B,) ==;,P(W,) = and P(B,) =%
2 1
4

event of getting 2 white andi black ball.

Let A be the
Then, A= (W,nW, nB4) U(W;nB, n W,)
U(B, n W,n W,)
and
(W, n B, n W3)
where the events (W, n W,n B4),
W,) are mutually exclusive.
(B, nW, n
probability we get,
Therefore, by the theorem of total
W,)
P(A) = P(W, n W,nB,) +P(W, NB,n
+P(B,n W,nW)
=P(W,)P(W)P(B;) +P(W,)P(B,) P(W,)
+
+
P(B, )P(W,)P(W,)
[: W, W,, W, B,, B, B, are independent]
or,
PA)=xx+x*!+1x!!9+3+1
33
4 24 42 4 4 2 4 32
13
32
Example 32 A and B play alternately with a pair of
unbiased dice. A wins if
7 and B wins if he throwshe 7throws 6Abefore Bthrows
before throws 6. If A
begins, show that his chance of winning is30

Solution If two unbiased dice are thrown, there are

6 x6 = 36 equally likelyevent
points in the sample space.
Let X denote the event that the sum of the
digits in the two
dice is 6 and Y the event that the sum of the
digits is 7.
Clearly, event X contains 5 equally likely event points viz.
(1, 5), (2, 4), (3, 3), (4, 2) and (5, 1) and event Y
contains 6 equally likely event points viz. (1, 6), (2, 5),
(3, 4), (4, 3), (5, 2) and (6, 1).
P(X) = 5 and P() =!
36 36 6
5 31
P(X) = 1 - P(X) = 1 36 36

and P(Y) =1-P()=1-:?

6 6
Let Z denote the event that A wins the game. It is clear that
A wins the game (i.e., the event Z occurs) if any one of the
following infinite sequence of mutually exclusive events
OCcUrsS:

X, (X°n yenx), (X°n Y°nx°n Y°nX), o

Z= XU(X°n Y°nX)

P(Z) = P(X) + P(X°nY°nx)

+ P(X°n yenx°n Yenx)+ o

=P(X) +P(XYP(Y°)P(X)
+ P(X)P(Y)P(X)P(Y)P(X) + *0
[:: events X and Y are independent
P(Z) = 3 l ,31,5y 5
36 36 X36 36 6 36 6 36

36 31 5 [using the formula =for

S
1
36 6

the sum of an infinite G.P.

5
X
216 5216 30
36 216 - 155 36 61 61
Example 33 are independent and
Aj Agy *, An
P(A})= l-4, (i=1, 2, **, n ). Show that,
[HS' 19, 20]
P(A, UA U*UAD=l-4142*" 4n
Solution By problem we have,
P(A) =l-4;, i= 1, 2, ***, n.
.. P(A)= 1 - P(A)= 1 -(1-q) = 4;, i=1, 2, **, n
Since events A, , A,, , A, are independent, hence events

An are also independent.

C

A, A,, ", A,
UA, U. UA,)= 1-P(AnAn. nA)
i. P(A,
= 1-P(ApP(AS) P(A)
= l-4,424, (Proved)
 PROBABILITY
: P(A/X) =
P(A)P(X/
P(X) A) Then,
and P(A,) =3+2 5
P(A/X) = P P(A)P(X/
P(A,)P(X/A) +P(A,A))P(X/A,)
or, P P(A) =3+2 the
red ball from
Again, let X denote the event of drawing a
+* + Second urn after the occurrence of A, or A,.
Then, We e

(putting theP(A,
value)P(X/A,
of P(X)) from (2)] find the value of P(A,/X).
O19 llustrative Examples Clearly, P(X/A,) =
3+1 4
Example 1 Three and P(X/A,) = 3+5+ 1
urns A, Band C
contain 6 red and 4 mutually exclusive and
white, 2 red and 6 white and 1 red Now, the event X occurs if any of the
and 5 white balls Bayes
respectively. An urn is chosen at random exhaustive events A, and A, occurs. Therefore, using
drawn. If the Ball drawn is found to be and a ball is theorem we get,
Drobability that the ball was drawn from thered;urnfindA. the P(A,)P(X/A,)
CBSE '04] P(A,/X) = P(A,)P(X/A,)+ P(A,) P(X/A,)
Solution) Let A,, A,, A, denote the events of choosing 9
17
the urns A, B and Crespectively and X,the event of drawing 45
a red ball from the chosen urn. Then we are to find the value
of P(A, /X) Example 3 machines X, Y and Z
A factory has three
per day
By question, we have, producing 1000, 2000 and 3000 bolts defective
respectively. The machine X produces 1%
and P(X/A)=o+
6 3 produces
P(A;) =P(A,) =P(A,) = 3 6+4
=

bolts, Y produces 1.5% defective bolts

and Z
day, a bolt is drawn
of the
2% defective bolts. At the end
2 1! found to be defective. What is the
P(X/A,) = 2 +6 and P(X/A;)=1+5 at random and it is
6 been produced by
probability that this defective bolt has
4
exclusive and [CBSE 'O2]
Now, the event X occurs if one of the mutually the machine X?
exhaustive events A,, A, and A, occurs. Therefore, using the
Solution Let A,, A,, A, denote the events that
Bayes' theorem we get,
production was produced
P(A)P(XA,) randomly drawn bolt from a day's event that the
P(A;/X)= PIA,)P(X/A) +P(A,)PX/Az) by machines X,Y, Z respectively. If Dbe the of
we are to find the value
+P(A;)P(X/A,) drawn bolt is defective, then
3 P(A,/D).
36 + 15 + 10
Now, by question we have,
xx+x++
5 46 60 1000
P(A,) = 1000 + 2000 + 3000
60 36 2000
61 P(A,) = 1000 + 2000 +3000 3

3 white 3000
Example 2 Two urns contain respectively 2 red, and P(A) = 1000 + 2000 + 3000 2
drawn at random
One ball is
and 3 red, 5 white balls.
transferred into the second. A ball 1.5
from the first urn and
is now drawn from the second urn
and it turns out to be Again, P(D/A) =100o0 P(D/A,) =100
ball was
red. What is the probability that the transferred 2
white? (CBSE 'O4;HS '16] and P(D/A,) = 100
Solution Let A, and A, denote the events that the Now, the event D occurs if one of the mutually exclusive and
transferred ball from the first urn to the second is white and exhaustive events A,, A, and A, occurs.
red respectively. Therefore, using Bayes' theorem we get,
 P(A,)P(D/A}) Example5 An insurance company insured 2000 scoote.
P(A,/D) =P(A)P(D/A) +P(A,)P(D/A,)
drivers, 4000 car drivers and 6000 truck drivers, Th
+P(A;)P(D/A,) probabilities of an accident involving a scooter, a cas
and a truck are 100 100 and 320
1
respectively. One of the
insured persons meets an accident. What is the
yl5 1 y 2 4 4 1 probability that he is scooter driver? [CBSE 2000, '02, 09)
00 100 2 100 3

Solution) Let A,, A, and A, be the events that the insured

l+3+6
6
6
,0.
10
person who meets an accident is a scooter driver., a car driver
and a truck driver respectively. If A be the event that an
insured person meets an accident, then we are to find the value
Example 4 In a bulb factory, machines A, B and C of P(A,/A).
manufacture 25%, 35% and 40% bulbs respectively. Now by question we have,
Out of these bulbs 5%, 4% and 2% of the bulbs 2000

produced respectively by A, B and C are found to be

P(A,) = 2000 + 4000 + 6000 6

defective. A bulb is picked up at random from the total 4000

production and found to be defective. Find the P(A,) 2000 + 4000 + 6000 3
probability that this bulb was produced by the machine and
6000
B.
[CBSE '08] P(A,) 2000 + 4000 + 6000 2
3 1
Solution Let A, , A, and A, denote the events that Again, P(A/A,) = 100 P(A/A,) = 100 and P(A/A,) =20
randomly picked up bulb from total production was Clearly, the event A occurs if one of the mutually exclusive
manufactured by machines A, B and C respectively. If D be and exhaustive events A,, A, and A 0ccurs. Therefore, using
the event that the drawn bulb is
defective, then we are to find Bayes' theorem we get,
the valve of P(A,/D).
P(A,/A) = P(A,)P(A/A,)
Now by question we have, P(A,)P(A/A) + P(A,) P(A/A,)
25 35
P(A,) = 100 P(A,) = 100 40 +P(A,)P(A/Az)
P(A,) = 100
5 100
Again, P(D/A) = 100 P(D/A,)=4
100
1
I+x3 +x+1+5
100
3 100 20 6 2
2
and P(D/A,) = 100 [multiplying nume. and deno. by 100)
1
Now, the event D occurs if one of the mutually exclusive and 1+6+ 45 52
exhaustive events A,, Ag and A, 0ccurs. Therefore, using Example6 A man is known to speak the truth 3 out of 4
Bayes' theorem we get,
times. He throws an unbiased die and reports that it is
P(A,)P(D/A,) a six. Find the probability that it is
actually six.
P(A,/D) = P(A,)P(D/A,)+P(A,) P(D/A,) [CBSE 'Q5; HS'11

+P(A,)P(D/A,) Solution) Let A, be the event of getting a six and A, e

35 4 the event of not getting a six when the unbiased die is throw
100 100 If X be the event that the man reports the result is six
25 + 35 4 40 2 WIe
100 100 100 100 100
X
100
he throws the die, then we are to find the value of P(A,/N

35 × 4
i.e., the probability of getting a six when the man reports thd
it is a six.
25 × 5 + 35 × 4 + 40 x 2
Now by question we have,
28 28
25 + 28+16 69 P(A)= and
PAJ) =1-
 Again, P(X/A) = the probability that the man reports the Therefore, using Bayes' theorem we get,
result is s0X When A, has occurred (i.e.. when the result is
P(A,)P(X/A;)
P(A,)= PA,)P(X/A) + P(A,) P(X/ A,)
actually six) = the probability that the man speaks the truth =i +P(A,)P(X/A;) + P(A)P(K/A,)
P(X/A,) = the probability that the man reports the result is 12 X 11
cix when A, has occurred (i.e,, when the 51 X 50
result is not a six)
= the probability that the man 13 X 12 13 X 12
12 X 11,13 X 12
does not speak the truth 51 X 50 51 X 50
51 X 50 51 X 50

Clearly, the event X occurs if one of the

mutually exclusive
"P(A) =P(A,) = P(A;) =P(A)=il
and exhaustive events A, and A,
occurs. 12 x 11 11 =0.22
Therefore, using Bayes' theorem we get, 12 x 1l +3× 13 × 12 11+39

P(A,/X) = P(A,)P(X/A)
P(A)P(X/A) +P(A)P(X/A,)
Example8 A doctor is to visit a patient. From past
experience, it is known that the probabilities that he will
3 3
come by train, bus, scooter or by car are o E 10
x+ x 3+5 8
6 4 6 4 respectively. The probabilities that he will be late are
1
Example 7Z A card from a pack of 52 cards is lost. 12 ifhe comes by train,bus and scooter respectively;
the remaining cards of the pack, two cards
From but if he comes by car he will not be late. When he
are drawn arrives, he is late. What is the probability that he comes
and are found to be both diamonds. Find the by train?
of the lost card being a diamond.
probability [CBSE 'O8C]
[NCERT, CBSE '02]

Solution Let A,, A,, A, and A, be the events that the Solution Let A,, A,, Ag and A, be the events that doctor
lost card is a spade, a heart, a diamond and a club respectively.
comes by train, bus, scooter and car respectively. If X be the
event that he is late, then we are to find the value of P(A,/X).
If X be the event of drawing two spades from the remaining
Now, by question we have,
51 cards, then we are to find the value of P(A, /X).
P(A;) = 3 10 P(Ag) - P(A;) =10 and P(A;)=
Clearly, P(A,) = P(A,) = P(A,) = P(A,) = 52 4 Again, P(X/A,) =, P(X/A,) =, P(X/A,) =12 and

And, P(X/A,) = probability of drawing two diamonds from P(X/A) = 0

the remaining 51 cards when A, has occurred (i.e., when the Clearly, the event X occurs if any one of the mutually exclusive
and exhaustive events A,, A,, Ag, A, occurs. Therefore,
12 x 11 using Bayes' theorem we get,
lost card /s a diamond) 51 51 x 50
P(A;)P(X/A)
P(A,/X) = P(A)P(X/A,) + P(A,) P(X/A,)
P(X/A,) =probability of drawing two diamonds when the lost
+ P(A;)P(X/A,) + P(A)P(X/A;)
card is a diamond 13 x 12 3
x
51 × 50 10 4

13 × 12
iox+x+ +x0
Similarly, P(X/A;) = P(X/A;) = 51 × 50 9
9+8+1+0
|multiplying nume. and
deno. by 120)
Clearly, the event X occurs if one of the mutually exclusive
91
and exhaustive events A Agy A and A Occurs. 18
 be the event that the car picked up at random is
Example 9 quality, then we are to find the value of P(A,/A) of standard
Urn A contains 1 white, 2 blnck and 3 red
balls; urn B contains 2 white, 1 black and I red ball; Now by question we have,
and urn C contains 4 white. 5 black and 3 red balls. 70 7 30 3
Une urn is chosen at random and 1wo balls are drawn. P(A,) = 100 P(A;) = 100 10
Lnese happen to be one white and one red. What is the
/CBSE 'o9] 80 8 90
probability that they come from urn A
? and P(A/A) = 100 o P(A/A,) =100 9
10
choosing
Solution Let A,, A,, A, denote the events of Clearly, the event A occurs if one of the mutually
he urn A, the um B and the urn C respectively.
event of drawing a white and ared ball from
If X be the
the chosen urn,
and exhaustive events A, and A,
0Ccurs. Therefore. exxclusive
then we are to find the value of P(A,/X).
Bayes' theorem we get, using,
P(A,/A) = P(A;)P(A/A)
Now by problem we have, P(A,)P(A/A) + P(A,) P(A/A,)
P(A,) =P(A,) =PA;) =
10
56 56
3 _3X2-; 9
56 + 27 83
and P(X/A) = 10 10 10 10
(1+2+3)C, 6x5

Example11 There are

P(X/A,) =
c, x'G 22x2_! three coins. One
coin, another is a biased coin that
is two headed
(2+1+1)C, 4X3
of the time and third is an
comes up head 75u
unbiased coin. One of h
and P(X/A,) =;
'C, x 4 X3 4 X3 × 2 2 three coins is chosen at random and tossed. If it sho
head, what is the probability that it was the two
(4+5+3)C, 12 x 11 11

Clearly, the event X occurs if one of the mutually exclusive

coin?
headed
[CBSE '9
and exhaustive events A,, A, and A, occurs.
Therefore, using Bayes' theorem we get, Solution Let A, A,A, denote the events of selecting t
P(A,)P(X/A) first, the second and the third coins respectively. Then,
P(A,/X) = P(A,)P(X/A,) +P(A,)P(X/A,)
P(A) = P(A,) = P(A;) =
+P(A,)P(X/A,)
If X be the event of getting head when the randomly chos=
1
5 coin is tossed, then we are to find the value of P(A,/X).
;x+x}+x+2 Now by problem we have,
33 75 _3
33 + 55 +30 [multiplying nume. P(X/A,)=l, P(X/A) =100 4 and P(X/A,)=;
and deno. by 15 x 11]
33 Clearly, the event X occurs if one of the mutually exchusi
118 and exhaustive events A,, A,, A, occurs. Therefore,usi
Bayes' theorem we get,
Example10 A car manufacturing factory has two
X and Y. Plant X plants P(A,)P(A/A)
manufactures 70% of the cars and P(A,/A) = P(A,)P(AA) +P(A,)P(A/A,)
plant Y manufactures 30%. At plant X, 80% of
are rated of standard quality and at the cars +P(A;)(A/A;)
plant Y, 90% are
rated of standard quality. Acar is picked up at
and is found to be of random x1
standard quality. Find the 3
probability that it has come from plant X. [CBSE 'O05] x1+x+}x}
1 1+,!
42
Solution Let A, and A, be the events that a car
at random has come picked up 4+3+2
from plants X and Y
respectively. If A 4
 aEXERCISE 1B
Short Answer Iype Duestions 9. In a bolt factory, three machines M,, M, and M,
Marks manufacture respectively 2000, 2500 and 4000 bolts
1. State and prove
Baves' theorem. everyday. Of their output, 3%, 4% and 2.5% are
defective
2 Three boxes of
the same bolts. One bolt is drawn at random from a dav's production
proportions of white and blackappearance have the following and is found to be defective. What is the probability that it
hlack; box ll : 2 white and i balls-box I: 1white and 2 was produced by machine M, ?
hlack. One of the boxes is black; box lll : 2 white and 2
drawn randomly from it. Itselected at randonm and one
turns out to be white, What ball is 10. A box contains 2 gold and 3 silver coins. Another box

probability that the third box is chosen? is the contanis 3 goid and 3 silver coins. A box is chosen at random
3. In abolt factory, and a coin is drawn from it. If the selected coin is agold coin,
machines M,, M,, M, find the probability that it was drawn from the second box.
respectively25, 35 and 40 percent of the
manufacture jCBSE 'O4C]
total product. Of
their output 5, 4 and 2 percent 11. There are two bags Iand II. Bag I contains 3 white and 4
bolts. One bolt is drawn at randomrespectively are defective black balls and bag II contains 5 white and 6 black bals. One
from the product and is
found to be defective. What is the ball is drawn at: random from one of the bags and is found to
probability that it was be white. Find the probability that it was drawn from bag L.
manufactured by machine M,?
[CBSE 05C]
4. A can hit a target four times in 5
shots; B three times in 4 12. Three indentical boxes contain red and white balls. The frst
shots and Ctwice in 3 shots. They fire a volley; what is box contains 3 red and 2 white, the second box 4 red and
the
probability that two shots at least hit? And if two hit, what is 5 white and the third box 2 red and 4 white balls. A box is
the probability that it is C who has missed? [CBSE '06] chosen at random and a ball is drawn from it. Ifthe drawn
5. Three identical urns contain red and black balls. The first urn ball is red, what is the probability that the second box is
chosen?
contains 2 white and 3 black balls, the second un 3 white
13. An insurance cornpany insured 2000 scooter and 3000 motor
and 2 black balls and the third urn 1 black and 4 white balls.
An urn is chosen at random and a ball is drawn from it. If the cycles. Probability of an accident involving a scooter is 0.01
ball drawn is white, what is the probability that the first urn and that of amotor cycle is 0.02. An insured vehicle met with
is chosen? an accident. Find the probability that the accident vehicle was
a motor cycle. [CBSE '05)
6. A bag A contains 2 white and 3 red balls; another bag B
14. A speaks the truth 8 times out of 10 times. A die is thrown.
contains 4 white and 5 red balls. A bag is chosen at random
He reports that it was 5. What is the probability that it was
and a ball is drawn from it. If the ball drawn is red, what is
actually 5? [CBSE 'Os]
the probability that the bag B is chosen? [CBSE '04C]
bicycles. The first 15. Two groups are competing for the positions of the board of
7. A company has two plants to manufacture directors of a corporation. The probabilities that the first and
plant manufactures 60% of the bicycles and the second plant the second groups will win are 0.6 and 0.4 respectively.
standard quality
40%. Also 80% of the bicycles are rated of Further, if the first group wins, the probability of introducing
quality at the second
at the first plant and 90% of standard a new product is 0.7 and the corresponding probability is 0.3
found to be of
plant. A cycle is picked up at random and from the
if the second group wins. Find the probability that the new
standard quality. Find the probability that it comes product is introduced was by the second group.
second plant. [CBSE '03
NCERT, CBSE 'O9]
6 red balls. Another bag B
8. A bag A contains I white and 16. There are 3 coins in a box. The probability of getting head is
selected
contaíns 4 white and 3red balls. One of the bags is 2 for two of
from it, which found to be them,while for remaining it is .Acoin is chosen
at random and a ball is drawn
the
white. Find the probability that the ball drawn is from at random and tossed 3 times,
(CBSE '05]
showing head in each case.
bag A. What is the probability that the coin is
unbiased?
 ANSWERS 1B
Short Answer Type
33 12. 10 13. 3
2. 3 16 6 10. 5 11.
69 4. and 13 5.2 9 9 68 31 4

3 5 4 15. 29 16. 27
6.3 7. 8. 9.
13
14.
9 155

Sample Duestions for Competitive Exams