REVIEWER:
Chodorow (1978) proposed that identity is
FEMINIST THERAPY
Proponent: Miller, Brown
Central concept of the feminist therapy is the
psychological oppression of women and the
constraint imposed by the sociopolitical status to
which women have been relegated
Most clients and psychotherapists are women,
thus the need for a theory that evolves from the
thoughts and experiences of women seemed
evident.
*BASIC PHILOSOPHIES
Feminists' theoretical orientations:
Liberal feminist-help individual women
overcome constraint of their socialization
patterns;
*Goals include personal empowerment ,dignity,
self fulfillment and equality
Radical Feminist-focused on oppression and
seek change through activism
*Goal is to transform gender relationships, social
institutions and increase women’s sexual and
proactive determination
Cultural feminists-oppression stems from
society’s devaluation of women’s Strengths
*Goal is through infusion of feminine values into
the culture
Socialist Feminist- focus on multiple oppressions
including class, race, economics, and history
*Goals is transformed social relationships and
institutions
*VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE
a. Gender-fair, flexible-multicultural,
interactionist and life-span oriented
b.
formed from their relationship with their
mothers, who are the primary caretaker’s who
raise their children
c.Giligan (1977) believed that women’s
sense of self and morality is based in
issues of responsibility for and care
of other people
d.Bem’s gender schema theory proposed that
children learn society’s view on gender and apply
it to themselves
e. Principles of FT
1.The personal is political
2.Personal and social identities are
interdependent
3.Definition of distress and mental illness are
reformulated
4.Feminist therapist use an integrated analysis of
oppression
5.The counseling relationship is egalitarian
6.Women’s perspectives are valued.
*GOALS OF THE THERAPY
• Become aware of one’s gender-role
socialization process
• Identify internalized messages and
replace them with self-enhancing beliefs
• Understand how sexist and oppressive
societal beliefs and practices influence
them in negative ways
• Acquire skills to bring about change in
the environment
• Restructure institutions to rid them of
discriminatory practices
• Develop a wide range of behaviors that
are freely chosen
 • Evaluate the impact of societal factors in
one’s life
• Develop a sense of personal and social
power
• Recognize the power of relationships
and connectedness
• Trust their own experience and
institution
*THE THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP
Based on empowerment and egalitarianism
Counselor is relational expert striving to develop
a collaborative relationship with the client
*TECHNIQUES
❑Empowerment- emphasize client’s equal
participation in the relationship
❑Self-disclosure-promotes equalizing and
normalizing women’s collective experiences
❑Gender role analysis- explore gender role
expectations on client's well-being and distress
❑ Gender-role intervention-placing the client’s
issue in the context of society’s role and
expectations
❑ Power analysis and power intervention-
similar to gender role analysis and intervention
❑ Social action-suggest volunteering at social
action centers to empower them and reinforce
the intervention used
FAMILY THERAPY
Family systems perspective holds that
individuals are best understood through
assessing the interactions between and among
family members
Eight lenses in family systems therapy:
Teleological, organization, developmental,
multicultural, gender, process, sequences and
internal
*BASIC PHILOSOPHIES
Adlerian FT (Adler, Dreikurs)- enable parents as
leaders, promotion of effective parenting
Multigenerational FT (Bowen)- differentiate the
self; change the individual within the context of
the system
Human Validation Process Model (Satir)-
promote self-growth, self-esteem and
connection; help family reach congruent
communication and interaction
Experiential/Symbolic FT(Whitaker) promote
spontaneity, creativity, autonomy and ability to
play
Structural FT- (Minuchin) restructure family
organization; change dysfunctional transactional
patterns
Strategic FT-(Haley & Madanes)-eliminates
presenting problems; interrupt sequence,
change dysfunctional patterns
*KEY CONCEPTS
❑Focus is on communication patterns within a
family, both verbal and non-verbal
❑Problems are likely to be passed from one
generation to the next.
❑The present is more important than exploring
past experiences
*GOALS OF THERAPY
• Help family members gain awareness of
patterns of relationship that are
ineffective.
• Create new ways of interacting to relieve
distress.
*THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP
Therapist acts as teacher, coach, model, and
consultant.
They are concerned with process of family *Techniques
interaction and patterns of communication.
• Questions-circular or relational, seeking
An integrative model of family counseling and to empower clients in new ways
therapy moves from forming a relationship, • Externalization and deconstruction-the
conducting assessment problem is the problem
• Search for unique outcomes- similar to
Hypothesizing and sharing meaning and
exception questions
facilitating change.
• Alternative stories and-re- authoring-
*TECHNIQUES today is the first day of your life
• Documenting the evidence-write letters
• Genograms
chronicling changes
• Setting boundaries
• Family mapping SOLUTION-FOCUSED BRIEF THERAPY
• Enacment
(de Shazer, Kim Berg)
NARRATIVE THERAPY
Eschew the past in favor of the present and
(White & Epston, 1990) the future

▪ There are multiple realities and multiple truths No interest in understanding the problem
in the situation. and focused on what is possible

▪ Individuals construct the meaning of life in Little intention is given to diagnosis, history
interpretative stories taking or problem exploration

▪ Create solutions in the present and in the future *BASIC PRINCIPLES

*KEY CONCEPTS -There are advantages to a positive focus on

• Focus of Therapy
• The Role of Stories
• Listening with an open mind
*GOALS OF THE THERAPY
• Describe one’s experience in a new and
fresh language
• Become aware of the impact of various
aspects of dominant culture on human
life
*THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP
Great importance on the qualities a therapist
brings in the therapeutic relationship
Relationship is co-authoring or shared authority.
Clients are viewed as experts of their own life.
solutions and on the future
-Individuals who come to therapy have the
capability of behaving effectively, even they
are temporarily blocked by negative
conditions
There are exceptions to every problem.
-Everyone is unique, so too is each solution
*KEY CONCEPTS
➢ Positive Orientation-People are healthy
and competent and could construct
solutions that can enhance their lives
➢ Looking for what is working-Therapist
assist people in paying attention to the
exemptions to their problem patterns from
their stories
*GOAL OF THERAPY must happen for these exceptions to occur more
often?
Goals are unique to each client and are
constructed by the client to create a richer Miracle Question-If a miracle happened and the
future problems was solved overnight, how would you
know it was solved? Howwould things be
1.Goals are stated in the positive in the
different?
client’s language
Scaling question-On a scale of 1 to 10...
2.They are process or action-oriented
Formula first session task-homework
3.They are structured in the here and now
Feedback to clients-compliment-bridge, suggest
4. They are attainable, concrete and specific
task
5.They are controlled by the client

Concentrate on small, realistic, achievable

changes that may lead to additional positive
outcomes to signal the beginning of change

*THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP

The therapist and client collaborate to

construct solutions, where therapist accept
people where they are and trust their
intention to solve their own problems.

*Three Kinds of Relationship

1.Costumer-client and therapist jointly

identify a problem and a solution to work
toward

2.Complainant-client describes a problem

but is not able or willing to assume a role in
constructing a solution

3.Visitor-client who comes to therapy

because someone else thinks he/she has a
problem

*TECHNIQUES

Pre-therapy change-what have you done before

the appointment that has made a difference in
your problem?

Exception Question-Were there times in your life

when the situation was not problematic? What