INORGANIC SALT ANALYSIS – Ammonium carbonate

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TEST:

1.a) Colour of the substance is noted Colourless Absence of Cu2+ and

(b) Solubility:
Take a little amount of salt and
dissolve it in distilled water
Mn2+
May be presence of
Soluble and Crystalline salt Cl -, SO42 - , NO3-

2. Action of Heat:

A small amount of the salt is
taken in a dry test tube and
heated gently at first and than
strongly.
Salt Sublimies with the evolution of NH4+ may be
pungent smelling gas.Adense white present
fumes formed when showing a glass
rod dipped in Conc. HCl on the mouth
of the above test tube.

3. Flame Test:
No characteristic coloured flame
A small amount of the salt is Absence of
made into paste with Barium, calcium
concentrated hydrochloric acid and copper
in a watch glass and introduced
into the non – luminous part of
the Bunsen flame using a
charred splinter.

4. Ash Test:
No characteristic coloured ash
To the little of salt taken in a Absence of
test tube mixed with cobalt aluminium, zinc,
nitrate and concentrated nitric magnesium
acid, soak a filter paper and
burn it in non – luminous flame.

ANALYSIS OF ANIONS – IDENTIFICATION TESTS

5. Action of dil.HCl:

i. Colourless, odourless gas with Brisk i. Presence of CO32-

effervescence . is identified
 A small amount of salt is treated
with dilHCl

6. Action of Dil H2SO4 :

A small amount of salt is No characteristic observation Absence of

rubbed with dil H2SO4 in a CH3COO-
test tube

7. Concentrated H2SO4 Test:

A small amount of salt is No characteristic gas evolves Absence of chloride

treated with Conc H2SO4 in a and nitrate.
test tube
8. Copper Turning Test:

A small amount of the salt is Absence of nitrate

heated with copper turning or No reddish brown gas
paper ball and Con H2SO4

9. Action of Barium chloride

soluiton:

To the salt solution Barium

chloride solution is added. No Characteristic observation Absence of SO42 –

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACID RADICALS (ANIONS)

CARBONATE (CO32 – )

a) A small amount of the salt is Lime water turns milky Presence of carbonate
treated with dilHCl and the gas is confirmed.
evolved is passed through lime
water taken in another test tube.

To the salt solution Magnesium Presence of carbonate

b) A white precipitate is obtained is confirmed.
sulphate solution is added

ANALYSIS OF CATIONS

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. To the salt solution sodium No precipitate is formed Presence of zero

carbonate is added. group

CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS

TEST FOR ZERO GROUP (Ammonium)

a) To 1ml of the salt solution, a
few drops of sodium hydroxide
are added.
A colourless gas with the pungent Presence of
smell of ammonia is evolved. Dense Ammonium is
white fumes are produced when a confirmed.
glass rod dipped in Con HCl is shown
at the mouth of the test tube.

A brown precipitate is formed. Presence of

To a few drops of salt solution Ammonium is
b)
Nesseler’s reagent is added. confirmed.

RESULT

❖ Anion -Carbonate (CO32 – )

❖ Cation – Ammonium ( NH4+)
❖ The given unknown salt is identified as Ammonium Carbonate ( NH4+)2CO3.
 INORGANIC SALT ANALYSIS – Ammonium Chloride

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TEST:

1.a) Colour of the substance is noted Colourless Absence of Cu2+ and

(b) Solubility:
Take a little amount of salt and
dissolve it in distilled water
Mn2+
May be presence of
Soluble and Crystalline salt Cl -, SO42 - , NO3-

2. Action of Heat:

A small amount of the salt is
taken in a dry test tube and
heated gently at first and than
strongly.
Salt Sublimies with the evolution of NH4+ may be
pungent smelling gas.Adense white present
fumes formed when showing a glass
rod dipped in Conc. HCl on the mouth
of the above test tube.

3. Flame Test:

A small amount of the salt is No characteristic coloured flame Absence of

made into paste with Barium, calcium
concentrated hydrochloric acid and copper
in a watch glass and introduced
into the non – luminous part of
the Bunsen flame using a
charred splinter.

4. Ash Test:
No characteristic coloured ash
To the little of salt taken in a Absence of
test tube mixed with cobalt aluminium, zinc,
nitrate and concentrated nitric magnesium
acid, soak a filter paper and
burn it in non – luminous flame.

ANALYSIS OF ANIONS – IDENTIFICATION TESTS

5. Action of dil.HCl:

A small amount of salt is treated No characteristic natural gas evolves

with dilHCl Absence of CO32-
& S2-
6. Action of Dil H2SO4 :

A small amount of salt is No characteristic observation Absence of

rubbed with dil H2SO4 in a CH3COO-
test tube
7. Concentrated H2SO4 Test:
A small amount of salt is Colourless, Irritating gas giving dense
treated with Conc H2SO4 in a white fumes when glass rod dipped in Presence of
NH4OH solution is introduced into the Chloride is
test tu be identified
mouth of the test tube.

8. Copper Turning Test:

A small amount of the salt is No reddish brown gas Absence of nitrate

heated with copper turning or
paper ball and Con H2SO4

9. Action of Barium chloride

soluiton:

To the salt solution Barium

chloride solution is added. No Characteristic observation Absence of SO42 –

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACID RADICALS (ANIONS)

CHLORIDE (Cl – )

a) To a few drops of salt solution, A curdy white precipitate is formed Presence of chloride is
a few drops of dilute HNO3 and which is completely soluble in excess confirmed.
silver nitrate solution are added. of ammonium hydroxide mixture.

A small amount of salt is heated A Greenish yellow gas with pungent Presence of chloride is
b) with a pinch of MnO2 and 1 ml smell is evolved confirmed.
of Conc H2SO4.

Chromyl Chloride test:

To a small amount of the salt, a

pinch of Potassium dichromate
is added and heated with a few
c)
drops of Con. H2SO4.
Red orange vapoursevolved are passed Presence of chloride is
through water in a test tube. Yellow confirmed.
solution is obtained. On adding lead
acetate solution, yellow precipitate is
formed.

ANALYSIS OF CATIONS

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. To the salt solution sodium No precipitate is formed Presence of zero
carbonate is added. group

CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS

TEST FOR ZERO GROUP (Ammonium)

a) To 1ml of the salt solution, a A colourless gas with the pungent

few drops of sodium hydroxide smell of ammonia is evolved. Dense
are added. white fumes are produced when a Presence of
glass rod dipped in Con HCl is shown Ammonium is
at the mouth of the test tube. confirmed.

A brown precipitate is formed. Presence of

To a few drops of salt solution Ammonium is
b)
Nesseler’s reagent is added. confirmed.

RESULT

❖ Anion – Chloride (Cl – )

❖ Cation – Ammonium (NH4+)
❖ The given unknown salt is identified as Ammonium Chloride NH4Cl.
 INORGANIC SALT ANALYSIS – Lead Nitrate

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TEST:

1.a) Colour of the substance is noted Colourless Absence of Cu2+ and

(b) Solubility:
Take a little amount of salt and
dissolve it in distilled water
Mn2+
May be presence of
Soluble and Crystalline salt Cl -, SO42 - , NO3-

2. Action of Heat:

A small amount of the salt is Reddish Brown gas evolves NO3- may be present
taken in a dry test tube and
heated gently at first and than
strongly.

3. Flame Test:

A small amount of the salt is No characteristic coloured flame Absence of

made into paste with Barium, calcium
concentrated hydrochloric acid and copper
in a watch glass and introduced
into the non – luminous part of
the Bunsen flame using a
charred splinter.

4. Ash Test:
No characteristic coloured ash
To the little of salt taken in a Absence of
test tube mixed with cobalt aluminium, zinc,
nitrate and concentrated nitric magnesium
acid, soak a filter paper and
burn it in non – luminous flame.

ANALYSIS OF ANIONS – IDENTIFICATION TESTS

5. Action of dil.HCl:

A small amount of salt is treated No characteristic natural gas evolves

with dilHCl Absence of CO32-
& S2-
6. Action of Dil H2SO4 :
 A small amount of salt is No characteristic observation Absence of
rubbed with dil H2SO4 in a CH3COO-
test tube
7. Concentrated H2SO4 Test:
Reddish brown vapour evolved and
A small amount of salt is solution turns brown Presence of nitrate is
treated with Conc H2SO4 in a identified
test tube
8. Copper Turning Test:

A small amount of the salt is Reddish Brown gas. Presence of Nitrate

heated with copper turning or is identified
paper ball and Con H2SO4

9. Action of Barium chloride

soluiton:

To the salt solution Barium

chloride solution is added. No Characteristic observation Absence of SO42 –

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACID RADICALS (ANIONS)

NITRATE (NO3– )

a) Brown Ring Test:

A few drops of the salt A Brown ring is formed at the junction Presence of nitrate is
solution is mixed with an equal of the two layers. confirmed
volume of freshly prepared
ferrous sulphate solution and
shaken well. To this Con.H2SO4
is added in drops along the sides
of the test tube.

To the salt solution few drops A deep blue colourisation is obtained Presence of nitrate is
b) confirmed
of diphenyl amine is added.

To the salt solution, NaOH

Evolution of colourless gas with the
c) solution and aluminium powder Presence of nitrate is
smell of ammonia. Dense white fumes
or zinc dust is added and heated confirmed
are produced with concentrated HCl.

ANALYSIS OF CATIONS

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. To the salt solution sodium No precipitate is formed Presence of zero
carbonate is added. group

Absence of zero group

Precipitate is formed

2. To a few drops of salt solution, White precipitate soluble when boiled Presence of Group I
dilute hydrochloric acid is with water is obtained.
added.

CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS

TEST FOR GROUP I (Lead)

a) To a few drops of the salt Yellow precipitate is obtained Presence of Lead is

solution, potassium chromate confirmed
solution is added.

To a few drops of salt solution,

2ml of potassium iodide Presence of Lead is
b) Yellow precipitate soluble in hot water confirmed
solution is added. is obtained which reappears as “Golden
Yellow Spangles” on cooling.

RESULT

❖ Anion – Nitrate (NO31 – )

❖ Cation – Lead (Pb2+)
❖ The given unknown salt is identified as Lead Nitrtate Pb (NO3)2.
 INORGANIC SALT ANALYSIS – Aluminium Sulphate

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TEST:

1.a) Colour of the substance is noted Colourless Absence of Cu2+ and

(b) Solubility:
Take a little amount of salt and
dissolve it in distilled water
Mn2+
May be presence of
Soluble and Crystalline salt Cl -, SO42 - , NO3-

2. Action of Heat:

A small amount of the salt is No characteristic change Absence of CO32-,

taken in a dry test tube and S2- ,NO3- , NH4+
heated gently at first and than
strongly.

3. Flame Test:

A small amount of the salt is No characteristic coloured flame Absence of

made into paste with Barium, calcium
concentrated hydrochloric acid and copper
in a watch glass and introduced
into the non – luminous part of
the Bunsen flame using a
charred splinter.

4. Ash Test:

To the little of salt taken in a Blue ash May be Aluminium

test tube mixed with cobalt
nitrate and concentrated nitric
acid, soak a filter paper and
burn it in non – luminous flame.

ANALYSIS OF ANIONS – IDENTIFICATION TESTS

5. Action of dil.HCl:

A small amount of salt is treated No characteristic natural gas evolves

with dilHCl Absence of CO32-
& S2-
6. Action of Dil H2SO4 :
 A small amount of salt is No characteristic observation Absence of
rubbed with dil H2SO4 in a CH3COO-
test tube
7. Concentrated H2SO4 Test:

A small amount of salt is No characteristic gas evolves Absence of chloride

treated with Conc H2SO4 in a and nitrate.
test tube
8. Copper Turning Test:

A small amount of the salt is Absence of nitrate

heated with copper turning or No reddish brown gas
paper ball and Con H2SO4

9. Action of Barium chloride

soluiton:

To the salt solution Barium

chloride solution is added. A white precipitate is formed which Presence of SO42 –
is insoluble in excess dilHCl is identified.
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACID RADICALS (ANIONS)

SULPHATE (SO42–)

a) To salt solution a little lead A white precipitate is formed. Presence of Sulphate

acetate solution is added. is confirmed.

The above precipitate is Presence of Sulphate

b) separated and heated with The precipitate gets dissolved is confirmed.
ammonium acetate solution.

ANALYSIS OF CATIONS

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. To the salt solution sodium Precipitate is formed Absence of zero group

carbonate is added.

2. To a few drops of salt solution, No white precipitate is obtained Absence of Group I

dilute hydrochloric acid is
added.

3 To the salt solution, equal No black precipitate is obtained Absence of Group II

volume of HCl is added. H2S
 gas is passed through the
solution.

4. To a few drops of salt solution, Gelatinous white precipitate soluble in Presence of group III
1 ml of ammonium chloride sodium hydroxide is obtained.
and 2ml of ammonium
hydroxide solution are added.

CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS

TEST FOR GROUP III (Aluminium)

a) To a few drops of the salt White precipitate soluble in excess of Presence of

solution, sodium hydroxide sodium hydroxide is obtained Aluminium is
solution is added in drops to confirmed
excess.

To a few drops of salt solution,

2ml of NH4OH solution and a Presence of
A bright red lake is obtained Aluminium is
b) few drops of ‘Aluminon
reagent’ are added. confirmed

RESULT

❖ Anion - Sulphate (SO42 – )

❖ Cation – Aluminium (Al3+)
❖ The given unknown salt is identified as Aluminium Sulphate Al2(SO4)3
 INORGANIC SALT ANALYSIS Aluminium nitrate

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TEST:

1.a) Colour of the substance is noted Colourless Absence of Cu2+ and

(b) Solubility:
Take a little amount of salt and
dissolve it in distilled water
Mn2+
May be presence of
Soluble and Crystalline salt Cl -, SO42 - , NO3-

2. Action of Heat:

A small amount of the salt is Reddish Brown gas evolves NO3- may be present
taken in a dry test tube and
heated gently at first and than
strongly.

3. Flame Test:

A small amount of the salt is No characteristic coloured flame Absence of

made into paste with Barium, calcium
concentrated hydrochloric acid and copper
in a watch glass and introduced
into the non – luminous part of
the Bunsen flame using a
charred splinter.

4. Ash Test:

To the little of salt taken in a Blue ash May be Aluminium

test tube mixed with cobalt
nitrate and concentrated nitric
acid, soak a filter paper and
burn it in non – luminous flame.

ANALYSIS OF ANIONS – IDENTIFICATION TESTS

5. Action of dil.HCl:

A small amount of salt is treated No characteristic natural gas evolves

with dilHCl Absence of CO32-
& S2-
6. Action of Dil H2SO4 :

A small amount of salt is No characteristic observation Absence of

rubbed with dil H2SO4 in a CH3COO-
test tube
7. Concentrated H2SO4 Test:
Reddish brown vapour evolved and
A small amount of salt is solution turns brown Presence of nitrate is
treated with Conc H2SO4 in a identified
test tube
8. Copper Turning Test:

A small amount of the salt is Reddish Brown gas. Presence of Nitrate

heated with copper turning or is identified
paper ball and Con H2SO4

9. Action of Barium chloride

soluiton:

To the salt solution Barium

chloride solution is added. No Characteristic observation Absence of SO42 –

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACID RADICALS (ANIONS)

NITRATE (NO3– )

a) Brown Ring Test:

A few drops of the salt A Brown ring is formed at the junction Presence of nitrate is
solution is mixed with an equal of the two layers. confirmed
volume of freshly prepared
ferrous sulphate solution and
shaken well. To this Con.H2SO4
is added in drops along the sides
of the test tube.

To the salt solution few drops A deep blue colourisation is obtained Presence of nitrate is
b) confirmed
of diphenyl amine is added.

To the salt solution, NaOH

Evolution of colourless gas with the
c) solution and aluminium powder Presence of nitrate is
smell of ammonia. Dense white fumes
or zinc dust is added and heated confirmed
are produced with concentrated HCl.

ANALYSIS OF CATIONS

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. To the salt solution sodium Precipitate is formed Absence of zero group
carbonate is added.

2. To a few drops of salt solution, No white precipitate is obtained Absence of Group I

dilute hydrochloric acid is
added.

3 To the salt solution, equal No black precipitate is obtained Absence of Group II

volume of HCl is added. H2S
gas is passed through the
solution.

4. To a few drops of salt solution, Gelatinous white precipitate soluble in Presence of group III
1 ml of ammonium chloride sodium hydroxide is obtained.
and 2ml of ammonium
hydroxide solution are added.

CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS

TEST FOR ZERO GROUP (Ammonium)

TEST FOR GROUP III (Aluminium)

a) To a few drops of the salt White precipitate soluble in excess of Presence of

solution, sodium hydroxide sodium hydroxide is obtained Aluminium is
solution is added in drops to confirmed
excess.

To a few drops of salt solution,

2ml of NH4OH solution and a Presence of
A bright red lake is obtained Aluminium is
b) few drops of ‘Aluminon
reagent’ are added. confirmed

RESULT

❖ Anion – Nitrate (NO3 – )

❖ Cation – Aluminium (Al3+)
❖ The given unknown salt is identified as Aluminium Nitrate Al(NO3)2.
 INORGANIC SALT ANALYSIS – Zinc Sulphate

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TEST:

1.a) Colour of the substance is noted Colourless Absence of Cu2+ and

(b) Solubility:
Take a little amount of salt and
dissolve it in distilled water
Mn2+
May be presence of
Soluble and Crystalline salt Cl -, SO42 - , NO3-

2. Action of Heat:

A small amount of the salt is No characteristic change Absence of CO32-,

taken in a dry test tube and S2- ,NO3- , NH4+
heated gently at first and than
strongly.

3. Flame Test:

A small amount of the salt is No characteristic coloured flame Absence of

made into paste with Barium, calcium
concentrated hydrochloric acid and copper
in a watch glass and introduced
into the non – luminous part of
the Bunsen flame using a
charred splinter.

4. Ash Test:

To the little of salt taken in a Green ash May be Zinc

test tube mixed with cobalt
nitrate and concentrated nitric
acid, soak a filter paper and
burn it in non – luminous flame.

ANALYSIS OF ANIONS – IDENTIFICATION TESTS

5. Action of dil.HCl:

A small amount of salt is treated No characteristic natural gas evolves

with dilHCl Absence of CO32-
& S2-
6. Action of Dil H2SO4 :

A small amount of salt is No characteristic observation Absence of

rubbed with dil H2SO4 in a CH3COO-
test tube
7. Concentrated H2SO4 Test:

A small amount of salt is No characteristic gas evolves Absence of chloride

treated with Conc H2SO4 in a and nitrate.
test tube
8. Copper Turning Test:

A small amount of the salt is Absence of nitrate

heated with copper turning or No reddish brown gas
paper ball and Con H2SO4

9. Action of Barium chloride

soluiton:

To the salt solution Barium

chloride solution is added. A white precipitate is formed which Presence of SO42 –
is insoluble in excess dilHCl is identified.
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACID RADICALS (ANIONS)

SULPHATE (SO42–)

a) To salt solution a little lead A white precipitate is formed. Presence of Sulphate

acetate solution is added. is confirmed.

The above precipitate is Presence of Sulphate

b) separated and heated with The precipitate gets dissolved is confirmed.
ammonium acetate solution.

ANALYSIS OF CATIONS

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. To the salt solution sodium Precipitate is formed Absence of zero group

carbonate is added.

2. To a few drops of salt solution, No white precipitate is obtained Absence of Group I

dilute hydrochloric acid is
added.

3 To the salt solution, equal No black precipitate is obtained Absence of Group II

volume of HCl is added. H2S
 gas is passed through the
solution.

4. To a few drops of salt solution, No characteristic precipitate is obtained Absence of group III
1 ml of ammonium chloride
and 2ml of ammonium
hydroxide solution are added.

5. To a few drops of salt solution Dirty white precipitate is obtained. Presence of Group IV
1ml of ammonium chloride and
2ml of ammonium hydroxide
solutions are added and then
hydrogen sulphide gas is
passed.

CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS

TEST FOR GROUP IV (Zinc)

Zinc:

a) To a few drops of the salt White precipitate soluble in excess of Presence of Zinc is
solution sodium hydroxide sodium hydroxide is obtained. confirmed
solution is added in drops to
excess.

b) To a few drops of salt solution,

few drops of potassium Formation of a white precipitate. Presence of Zinc is
ferrocyanide are added. confirmed

RESULT

❖ Anion - Sulphate (SO42 – )

❖ Cation – Zinc (Zn2+)
❖ The given unknown salt is identified as Zinc Sulphate ZnSO4.
 INORGANIC SALT ANALYSIS Barium Chloride

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TEST:

1.a) Colour of the substance is noted Colourless Absence of Cu2+ and

(b) Solubility:
Take a little amount of salt and
dissolve it in distilled water
Mn2+
May be presence of
Soluble and Crystalline salt Cl -, SO42 - , NO3-

2. Action of Heat:

A small amount of the salt is No characteristic change Absence of CO32-,

taken in a dry test tube and S2- ,NO3- , NH4+
heated gently at first and than
strongly.

3. Flame Test:

A small amount of the salt is Grassy green flame May be Barium

made into paste with
concentrated hydrochloric acid
in a watch glass and introduced
into the non – luminous part of
the Bunsen flame using a
charred splinter.

4. Ash Test:
No characteristic coloured ash
To the little of salt taken in a Absence of
test tube mixed with cobalt aluminium, zinc,
nitrate and concentrated nitric magnesium
acid, soak a filter paper and
burn it in non – luminous flame.

ANALYSIS OF ANIONS – IDENTIFICATION TESTS

5. Action of dil.HCl:

A small amount of salt is treated No characteristic natural gas evolves Absence of CO32-&
with dilHCl S2-
6. Action of Dil H2SO4 :

A small amount of salt is No characteristic observation Absence of

rubbed with dil H2SO4 in a CH3COO-
test tube
7. Concentrated H2SO4 Test:
A small amount of salt is Colourless, Irritating gas giving dense
treated with Conc H2SO4 in a white fumes when glass rod dipped in Presence of
NH4OH solution is introduced into the Chloride is
test tu be identified
mouth of the test tube.

8. Copper Turning Test:

A small amount of the salt is No reddish brown gas Absence of nitrate

heated with copper turning or
paper ball and Con H2SO4

9. Action of Barium chloride

soluiton:

To the salt solution Barium

chloride solution is added. No Characteristic observation Absence of SO42 –

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACID RADICALS (ANIONS)

CHLORIDE (Cl – )

a) To a few drops of salt solution,
a few drops of dilute HNO3 and
silver nitrate solution are added.
b) A small amount of salt is heated
with a pinch of MnO2 and 1 ml
of Conc H2SO4.
A curdy white precipitate is formed Presence of chloride is
which is completely soluble in excess confirmed.
of ammonium hydroxide mixture.
A Greenish yellow gas with pungent Presence of chloride is
smell is evolved confirmed.

Chromyl Chloride test:

To a small amount of the salt, a

c) pinch of Potassium dichromate
is added and heated with a few
drops of Con. H2SO4.
Red orange vapoursevolved are passed Presence of chloride is
through water in a test tube. Yellow confirmed.
solution is obtained. On adding lead
acetate solution, yellow precipitate is
formed.

ANALYSIS OF CATIONS

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. To the salt solution sodium Precipitate is formed Absence of zero group
carbonate is added.

2. To a few drops of salt solution, No white precipitate is obtained Absence of Group I

dilute hydrochloric acid is
added.

3 To the salt solution, equal No black precipitate is obtained Absence of Group II

volume of HCl is added. H2S
gas is passed through the
solution.

4. To a few drops of salt solution, No characteristic precipitate is obtained Absence of group III
1 ml of ammonium chloride
and 2ml of ammonium
hydroxide solution are added.

5. To a few drops of salt solution No Characteristic precipitate is Absence of Group IV

1ml of ammonium chloride and obtained
2ml of ammonium hydroxide
solutions are added and then
hydrogen sulphide gas is
passed.

6. To a few drops of salt solution, White precipitate is obtained Presence of Group V

1ml of ammonium chloride and
2ml of ammonium hydroxide
and 2ml of saturated
ammonium carbonate are
added.

CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS

TEST FOR GROUP V (Barium, Calcium)

a) To a few drops of the salt Yellow precipitate is obtained Presence of Barium is

solution, potassium chromate
solution is added .
b) To a few drops of original
solution, dilute sulphuric acid is
added.
confirmed
A white precipitate insoluble in
concentrated acids is obtained. Presence of Barium is
confirmed

RESULT
❖ Anion -Chloride (Cl – )
❖ Cation – Barium (Ba2+)
❖ The given unknown salt is identified as Barium Chloride BaCl2.
 INORGANIC SALT ANALYSIS – Magnesium Sulphate

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TEST:

1.a) Colour of the substance is noted Colourless Absence of Cu2+ and

Mn2+

(b) Solubility:
May be presence of
Take a little amount of salt and Soluble and Crystalline salt Cl -, SO42 - , NO3-
dissolve it in distilled water

2. Action of Heat:

A small amount of the salt is No characteristic change Absence of CO32-,

taken in a dry test tube and S2- ,NO3- , NH4+
heated gently at first and than
strongly.

3. Flame Test:

A small amount of the salt is Absence of

made into paste with No characteristic coloured flame Barium, calcium
concentrated hydrochloric acid and copper
in a watch glass and introduced
into the non – luminous part of
the Bunsen flame using a
charred splinter.

4. Ash Test:

To the little of salt taken in a Pink ash May be Magnesium

test tube mixed with cobalt
nitrate and concentrated nitric
acid, soak a filter paper and
burn it in non – luminous flame.

ANALYSIS OF ANIONS – IDENTIFICATION TESTS

5. Action of dil.HCl:

A small amount of salt is treated No characteristic natural gas evolves

with dilHCl Absence of CO32-
& S2-
6. Action of Dil H2SO4 :

A small amount of salt is No characteristic observation Absence of

rubbed with dil H2SO4 in a CH3COO-
test tube
7. Concentrated H2SO4 Test:

A small amount of salt is No characteristic gas evolves Absence of chloride

treated with Conc H2SO4 in a and nitrate.
test tube
8. Copper Turning Test:

A small amount of the salt is Absence of nitrate

heated with copper turning or No reddish brown gas
paper ball and Con H2SO4

9. Action of Barium chloride

soluiton:

To the salt solution Barium

chloride solution is added. A white precipitate is formed which Presence of SO42 –
is insoluble in excess dilHCl is identified.
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACID RADICALS (ANIONS)

SULPHATE (SO42–)

a) To salt solution a little lead A white precipitate is formed. Presence of Sulphate

acetate solution is added. is confirmed.

he above precipitate is separated Presence of Sulphate

b) and heated with ammonium The precipitate gets dissolved is confirmed.
acetate solution.

ANALYSIS OF CATIONS

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. To the salt solution sodium Precipitate is formed Absence of zero group

carbonate is added.

2. To a few drops of salt solution, No white precipitate is obtained Absence of Group I

dilute hydrochloric acid is
added.

3 To the salt solution, equal No black precipitate is obtained Absence of Group II

volume of HCl is added. H2S
gas is passed through the
solution.
4. To a few drops of salt solution, No characteristic precipitate is obtained Absence of group III
1 ml of ammonium chloride
and 2ml of ammonium
hydroxide solution are added.

5. To a few drops of salt solution No Characteristic precipitate is Absence of Group IV

1ml of ammonium chloride and obtained
2ml of ammonium hydroxide
solutions are added and then
hydrogen sulphide gas is
passed.

6. To a few drops of salt solution, No Characteristic precipitate is Absence of Group V

1ml of ammonium chloride and obtained
2ml of ammonium hydroxide
and 2ml of saturated
ammonium carbonate are
added.

7. To a few drops of salt solution, White precipitate is obtained Presence of Group VI

2ml of ammonium chloride,
2ml of ammonium hydroxide
and 2ml of di-sodium hydrogen
phosphate solutions are added
and the sides of the test tube are
scratched with a glass rod.

CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS

TEST FOR GROUP VI ( Magnesium)

a) To a few drops of salt solution, Blue precipitate is obtained Presence of

2 to 3 drops of “Magneson” Magnesium is
reagent is added followed by confirmed
sodium hydroxide in drops

b) To a few drops of the original White precipitate insoluble in excess of

solution sodium hydroxide Presence of
sodium hydroxide is obtained. Magnesium is
solution is added in drops to
excess. confirmed

RESULT

❖ Anion - Sulphate (SO42 – )

❖ Cation – Magnesium (Mg2+)
❖ The given unknown salt is identified as Magnesium Sulphate MgSO4.