NARAYANA EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY (R)

NARAYANA OLYMPIAD SCHOOL

(Recognized By the Govt. of India, Affiliated to CBSE Board, New Delhi)
Rajeev Gandhinagar circle, AMCO Layout Sahakarnagar
Bangalore-590092.

CBSE+2 CHEMISTRY PROJECT ON

INSECTICIDES AND PESTICIDES

IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
BY:
UMARManvith
Sai
SSSSAaaaaaS

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 AISHWARYA MUTHUKMAR

CLASS XII

NARAYANA E-TECHNO SCHOOL

2023-2024

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 CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
Shiksha Kendra, 2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi-110 092 India

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the Project Report Entitled

STUDY THE PRESENCE OF PESTICIDES AND INSECTICIDES IN

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Is bonafide work carried out in fulfillment of the prescribed Project work as instructed by the
CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION for CBSE+2 PHYSICS during the
academic year 2023-2024.The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic
requirements in respect of Project prescribed for CBSE+2.

……………………… ………………………

Guide Principal

Externals Signature: 1)………………………

2)………………………

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the completion of any task would be
incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible, whose constant guidance
and encouragement ground my efforts with success.

I consider it is a privilege to express my gratitude and respect to all those who guided me
in completion of my project.

It’s a great privilege to place on record my deep sense of gratitude to our Dean BV Nagaraju Sir,
Principal Mr. Narasimha Charya, who patronized throughout our project & for the facilities
provided to carry out this work successfully.

I am grateful to my Chemistry teacher Supriya Ma’am for her invaluable support and
guidance and motivation

I thank the teaching and non-teaching staff members who have helped me directly or
indirectly during the project work.

Finally, I also thank my family and friends for their co-operation and motivation to
complete this project successfully.

B.Varshyara

AISHWARYA MUTHUKUMAR

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 INDEX

SL.NO Content Page No.

1. Introduction 6

2. Aim 7

3. Materials Required 8

4. Procedure 9

5. Chemical Reaction 10

6. Observation 11

7. Conclusion 12

8. Bibliography 13

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 INTRODUCTION
In the past decade, there has been a tremendous increase in the
yields of various crops to meet the demand of overgrowing
population, achieved by using pesticides and insecticides.
These are chemicals that are sprayed over to protect it from
pests. For example, DDT, BHC, zinc phosphide, mercuric
chloride, dinitrophenol etc.
All pesticides are poisonous chemicals and are used in small
quantities with care. Pesticides are proven to be effective against
variety of insects, weeds and fungi and are respectively called
insecticides, weedicides and fungicides. Most of the pesticides
are non-biodegradable and remain penetrated as such into plants,
fruits and vegetables. From plants they transfer to animals, birds
and humans who eat these biomagnified fruits and vegetables.
Inside the body they get accumulated and cause serious health
problems. These days preference is given to biodegradable
insecticides like Malathion. The presence of insecticide residues
in even raw samples of wheat, fish, meat, butter etc. have
aroused the concern of agricultural administrators, scientists and
health officials all over the world to put a check over the use of
insecticides and to search for non-insecticidal means of pest
control.

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 AIM
To study the presence of nitrogen containing pesticides or
insecticides in various fruits and vegetables.

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 MATERIALS REQUIRED
Mortar and pestle, beakers, funnel, glass rod, filter paper, China
dish, water bath, triploid stand, fusion tube, knife, test tube,
samples of various fruits and vegetables, alcohol, sodium
metal, ferric chloride, ferrous sulphate crystals, distilled water
and dilute sulphuric acid.

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 PROCEDURE
1) Take different types of fruits and vegetables and cut them
into small pieces separately.
2) Transfer the cut pieces of various fruits and vegetables into
it separately and crush them.
3) Take different kinds for each kind of fruits and vegetables
and place the crushed fruits and vegetables in these beakers
and add 100 ml of alcohol to each of these.
4) Stir well and filter.
5) Collect the filtrate in separate China dishes, evaporate the
alcohol by heating the China dishes one by one over a water
bath and let the residue dry in the oven.
6) Heat a small piece of sodium in a fusion tube, till it melts.
7) Then add one of the above residues from the China dish to
this fusion tube and heat it till red hot.
8) Drop the hot fusion tube in a China dish containing about 10
ml of distilled water.
9) Break the tube and boil the contents of the China dish for
about 5 minutes.
10) Cool and filter the solution.
11) Collect the filtrate.
12) To the filtrate add 1 ml of freshly prepared ferrous sulphate
solution and warm the contents.
13) Then add 2-3 drops of ferric chloride solution and
acidify with dilute HCl.
14) If a blue or green ppt. or coloration is obtained it
indicates the presence of nitrogen containing insecticides.
15) Repeat the test of nitrogen for residues obtained from
other fruits and vegetables and record the observation.

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 CHEMICAL REACTION
PREPARATION OF LASSAIGNES EXTRACT AND TEST
OF NITROGEN

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 OBSERVATIONS

SL No. Name of Test for Test for

fruit/vegetable presence of insecticides or
Nitrogen pesticides
residues
1. Apple Positive Yes
2. Grapes Positive Yes
3. Onion Negative No
4. potato Positive Yes

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 CONCLUSION
Finally, we came to a conclusion that farm fresh onion is the
only vegetable that is free of pesticides and insecticides that
contain nitrogen.
Other fruits and vegetables like apple, grape and potato are
detected to be contaminated due to the presence of nitrogenous
fertilizer that have adverse effect on human life as they are said
to be carcinogenic in nature (based on EPA’s results).
So, to prevent all these undesired effects, we should support and
encourage our farmers to do organic farming. It is the most cost
efficient, resourceful and healthy practice of farming.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Comprehensive Practical Chemistry Class XII

 NCERT Chemistry Textbook Class XII

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