SECTION B

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTION (2 X 4 = 8)

11. Define the term ‘Veto’.
The power to say no or to stop an official action is called the Veto power. The Security Council of the
United Nation provides the veto power to all the five permanent members. These members are the United
States of America, France, Britain, China and Russia.

12. Name the Seven National Parties of India.

National Parties
All India Trinamool Congress. By ECI-IT. All India Trinamool Congress. ...
Bahujan Samaj Party. By ECI-IT. ...
Bharatiya Janata Party. By ECI-IT. ...
Communist Party of India. By ECI-IT. ...
Communist Party of India (Marxist) By ECI-IT. ...
Indian National Congress. By ECI-IT. ...
Nationalist Congress Party. By ECI-IT.
OR
Explain any two features of intensive subsistence farming in India.
Intensive subsistence agriculture, the farmer cultivates a small plot of land using simple tools and more
labour. Subsistence agriculture is the type of farming in which crops grown are consumed by the grower and
his family. It is of different types. It may be shifting or settled agriculture, it may be primitive or non-
primitive in character, it may be both inten-sive and extensive in nature.

13. What are ferrous Minerals? Give two examples.

Ferrous minerals are those minerals that contain iron. Some examples of ferrous minerals include iron ore,
manganese, nickel and chromite.
OR
What were the ‘Corn Laws’? Why were the Corn Laws abolished?
i The laws allowing the British Government to restrict the import of corn is known as the Corn Laws. ii
These laws were abolished because the industrialists and urban dwellers were unhappy with high food
prices; as a result of which they forced the abolition of the Corn Laws.

4. What is the role of ‘Opposition Party?

-The opposition party's major responsibility is to question the government on all issues and policies to
ensure that it stays answerable to the people.
-The opposition party protects the rights of the people by questioning the laws and policies that may not
favor the citizens.
-The opposition party safeguards the very essence of democracy and prevents it from becoming authoritarian
or dictatorial.
SECTION C
SHORT ANSWER-BASED QUESTIONS (3 X 3 =09)
15. Explain any three benefits of refrigerated ships.
1. This decreased shipping costs and lowered Europe's meat prices.
2. A more diverse diet would now be eaten by the poor in Europe.
3. Some, not all, might add beef, butter or egg to the earlier monotony of bread and potatoes.
4. Social harmony within the nation and support for imperialism abroad were encouraged by better living
conditions.
OR

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Explain any three features of planation farming.
i A signal crop is grown over a large area. ii It is capital intensive and done with migrant labour. iii All
produce is used as raw material in industries such as tea coffee rubber sugarcane banana etc. iv Plantation
has an interface of agriculture and industry both.

16. Write the characteristics of ‘Political Parties’.

The characteristics of a political party are
(i) Political parties contest elections and share power.
(ii) They agree on some policies and programmes for the society to promote collective good.
(iii) If a political party is unable to win a majority, it makes an alliance with other parties to form a Coalition
Government.
(iv) Political parties try to persuade people that their policies are better than others.
The above characteristics show that political parties are necessary for a democracy.
OR
What do you understand by ‘Globalization’? Explain in your own words.
The process of interconnection between countries or rapid integration between countries is known as
Globalization.

Greater integration of markets and production across countries was the result of greater foreign trade and
greater foreign investment.
There has been a rapid increase in foreign trade between countries.
Multinational Companies (MNCs) control a large part of the foreign trade.

17. Describe the progress of print in Japan in short.

-Print in japan was introduced by Buddhist missionaries in 768-780 AD. These Buddhist missionaries
influenced the Japanese print culture on a large scale.
-The Buddhist missionaries wrote a book called THE DIAMOND SUTR. It was the first book to be written
and printed in Japan in 868 AD.
-Books were printed on such a large scale that libraries and bookstores in Tokyo were flocked with printed
books and written material.
-Tokyo had the largest reading population and the literacy rates increased there.
-Books started to be written on topics like Musical, tea ceremony, calculations, roper etiquettes, cooking,
flower arrangement, and famous places .
OR
Explain any three features of the first printed Bible.
(i) About 18O copies were printed ar. d it took three years to produce them. (ii) The text was printed in the
new Gutenberg press with metal type, but the borders were carefully designed, painted and illuminated by
hand by artists. (iii) Every page of each copy was different.
SECTION D
LONG ANSWER-BASED QUESTIONS (5X2=10)
18. State the various functions of political parties perform in a democracy.
Functions of political parties are given below:

Contesting Elections

Elections are contested by parties.

Elections are mainly fought among the candidates put up by political parties, in most of the democracies.
Selection of candidates in parties are done in different ways.
In countries like the USA, candidates are chosen by the supporters and members of a party. Now this
method is chosen in more and more countries.

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In India, candidates are chosen by top party leaders, in many of the parties
Policies and Programmes

Different programmes and policies are put forward by the parties and voters make a choice from those
manifestos.
A vast multitude of opinions are reduced into a few basic positions by political parties.
Based on the line taken by the RULING PARTY, a government is expected to base its policies
Access to government machinery and welfare schemes

Access to welfare schemes implemented by governments and access to Government machineries are
provided to people by the Political parties.
For an ordinary citizen it is difficult to approach a government officer when compared to a local party
leader.
Parties have to be responsive to people’s demands and needs must be responded to by the political parties.
This is the reason why people feel close to parties even when they do not fully trust them.
Shaping Public Opinion

Public opinion is shaped by the Political parties.

Issues are highlighted and raised by the Political parties.
Spread across the country Political parties have lakhs of activists and members.
In different sections of society, many of the pressure groups are the extensions of political parties.
For the resolution of problems faced by people parties sometimes also launch movements.
Based on the lines parties take, often opinions in the society crystallise.

Role in Making Laws

In making laws for a country, parties play a very important role.

In the legislature laws will be debated and passed formally.
Form and Run Governments

From the political parties comes the political executives who take big decisions on policies.
Leaders are recruited, trained by political parties and they are made as Ministers to run the Government in
the manner the Party wants.
Role of Opposition

The parties play the role of opposition when they lose the elections. They criticise Governments and voice
different views for its wrong policies and failures.
The entire opposition is also mobilised against the Government by the Opposition parties.
OR
“The impact of globalization has not been uniform.” Explain the statement with suitable examples.
Ans. The impact of globalization has not been uniform because only the developed countries have gained
profits due to globalization.

i) For consumers, wide varieties of good quality goods at lower prices are available which

leads to a higher standard of living.

ii) New jobs are created in industries such as cell phones, electronics, fast food, automobiles.

iii) Local companies have prospered through supplying raw materials to these industries.

iv) Top Indian companies have gained from successful collaborations with foreign companies.

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Some of these companies have emerged as Multinationals Companies.

v) Companies providing services have also benefited from new opportunities.

But the small industries and companies in developing countries have constantly been facing challenges in
terms of earning profits and bringing their goods to the market.

19. Write the difference between Primitive Subsistence Farming & Commercial Farming.
S. No Subsistence farming Commercial farming

(i) It is practised on small patches. It is practised on a large scale.

(ii) Farming depends on irrigation. Irrigation facilities are available.

(iii) Primitive tools are used. Modern technology is used.

(iv) Production is low. Production is high.

(v) No costly fertilisers are used. Chemical fertilisers are used.

(vi) Family members provide labour. Labourers are hired.

(vii) Only cereals and other food crops are grown Commercial crops are grown.

OR
‘The imperial state of China was the major producer of printed material’. Support this statement.
(i) The imperial state-sponsored the printing of a large number of textbooks for the civil service test.
(i) The imperial state-sponsored the printing of a large number of textbooks for the civil service test.
(iii)Fictitious narratives, poetry, and romantic plays were chosen by the new readership.
(iv)Rich ladies began to read, and many women began to publish their poetry and plays.
CASE-BASED QUESTIONS (4 X 2 =08)
20. Read the extracts and answer the question that follows:
20.1 Who issues symbols to the political parties? - Election Commission
20.2 What are the criteria laid down by the Election Commission to be recognized as a state party?
The Election Commission has laid down detailed criteria of the proportion of votes and seats that a party
must get in order to be a recognized party. A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in an
election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognized as a State party.
20.3. Which parties are called as recognized political parties?
A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections
in four States and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognized as a national party.
21. Read the extracts and answer the question that follows:
21.1 Mention any two reasons for the water crisis faced by the state of Maharashtra.
Two reasons for the water crisis faced by the state of Maharashtra are: Overexploitation of
groundwater for agriculture and urban use, which has led to a decline in water levels and
sustainability.
21.2 Despite being the second highest rainfall-receiving state of the country, Maharashtra still faces
water crisis. Substantiate this statement in 40 words.
Traditional irrigation practices like flood irrigation lead to water shortages in Maharashtra, despite its high rainfall,
because: Flood irrigation uses more water than required by the crops. Flood irrigation causes water loss due to
runoff and evaporation.
21.3 Propose any one solution to mitigate the water crisis faced by Maharashtra state.

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 One possible solution to mitigate the water crisis faced by Maharashtra state is to: Adopt efficient
irrigation practices such as drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation, which can save water and increase crop
productivity.
22 (A) On the given outline map of the world, two features are marked. Identify them.
(A) Place associated with Indian National Congress Session in December 1920. - Nagpur
(B) Place associated with Jallianwala Bagh incident. - Amritsar
(B) On the outline map of India mark & label the following: (Any – 3)
i) Rana Pratap Sagar ii) Sardar Sarovar iii) Nagarjuna Sagar iv) Tungabhadra

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