FINAL REPORT

ELEMENTAL CHEMISTRY

“ALKALINE EARTH ELEMENTS”

NAME : SILVIA DESWINTA MAHARANI

DAMANIK

ID CARD : 21036183

GROUPS :4

MEMBERS OF GROUP : 1. CINDY APRILIANTI

2. IRVANDI SEPRIANATA

3. OLIVIA GHINA OLIA

LECTURES : 1. Dr. rer. Nat JON EFFENDI, M.Si

2. EKA YUSMAITA, S.Pd., M. Pd

ASSISTANT LECTURE : 1. ASY SYIFA REDHIYA

2. MESI ASARI

3. RAISYA PRATAMA PUTRI

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

FACULTY OF MATH AND SCIENCE

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG

2023
 PREMILIARY REPORT

ELEMENTAL CHEMISTRY

“ALUMINIUM AND IT’S COMPOUNDS”

NAME : SILVIA DESWINTA MAHARANI

DAMANIK

ID CARD : 21036183

GROUPS :4

MEMBERS OF GROUP : 1.CINDY APRILIANTI

2. IRVANDI SEPRIANATA

3. OLIVIA GHINA OLIA

LECTURES : 1. Dr. rer. Nat JON EFFENDI, M.Si

2. EKA YUSMAITA, S.Pd., M. Pd

ASSISTANT LECTURE : 1. ASY SYIFA REDHIYA

2. MESI ASARI

3. RAISYA PRATAMA PUTRI

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

FACULTY OF MATH AND SCIENCE

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG

2023
D. Work Procedures

Experiment 1 : Reaction with Hydrochloric Acid

• Mix 5 mL of dilute hydrochloric acid with several pieces of Al metal in one test tube.
• If Al has not reacted after five minutes, heat the mixture.
• Repeat the experiment with Mg ribbons instead of aluminum chips.
• Describe your observations, and write the reaction equation.

Note the potential prices of the hydrogen, aluminum and Mg electrodes.

1. Explain whether aluminum and Mg can react with dilute hydrochloric acid.

2. Explain why aluminum is slow to react

Experiment 2 : Reaction with Sodium Hydroxide solution

• Mix 5 mL of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution with a few Al chips (or a spoonful of
aluminum powder) in a test tube.
• If after 5 minutes no reaction has occurred, heat the test tube.

3. Record your observations, and check for gas formation.

4. Write the equation of the reaction.

5. Repeat the experiment with Mg instead of Al. Compare the two reactions.

6. What is the reason why aluminum pans should not be washed with washing-soda (sodium

carbonate)?

Experiment 3 : Reaction with Oxygen

• Place a piece of aluminum foil in a beaker and sprinkle it with a solution of

mercury(II) chloride solution.
• Leave for a few minutes, then wash the aluminum foil with water.
• Leave the foil in the air for a few minutes.

7. Describe your observations, along with the reaction equation.

8. What is the reason why mercury (II) chloride solution can effectively clean the surface of
the aluminum foil effectively.

9. The process, Al → Al3+ and O2 → O2− is an endothermic process, which is why Al2 O3 is
formed and why this substance is very stable.

10. What is the reason why aluminum does not corrode like iron does?
11. What are Al metals used for? List the properties of Al that are determining factors that
allow Al to be used for various equipment.

Experiment 4. Comparing Aluminum Chloride and Magnesium Chloride

Heating anhydrous chloride

• Heat anhydrous aluminum chloride in a test tube.

12. Describe the effect of heating on Al2 Cl6 and MgCl2 .

13. Suggest the structures that both compounds have.

Effect of water on anhydrous chloride

• Put one spoonful of anhydrous aluminum chloride into a test tube then add water drop
by drop.

14. Describe what happens. Did the test tube get hot? What was the pH solution?

• Repeat the experiment with anhydrous magnesium chloride instead of anhydrous

aluminum anhydrous aluminum chloride.

15. Compare the effect of water on Al2 Cl6 and MgCl2 .

Experiment 5. Comparing the Acid-Base properties of Aluminum Oxide and

Magnesium Oxide.

• Check the reaction of aluminum oxide and magnesium oxide with water, check the pH
of the solution.

16. Describe the results of the above experiment. Are these two oxides basic?

• Check the reaction of oxides of aluminum and magnesium with dilute hydrochloric
acid, then with dilute sodium hydroxide, (use 0.1 g of oxide in 3 mL of the acid or
base).

17. Which oxide is :

a) Base b) Acid c) Amphoteric

18. Write the equation of the reaction that occurs, if aluminum oxide and magnesium oxide
are heated with dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sodium chloride.

Experiment 6 : Comparing the acid-base properties of hydrated Al3+ and Mg2+ ions
 • Pour 3 mL of a 0.1 M Al3+(aq) solution into one test tube and into another tube 3 mL
of 0.1 M Mg 2+ solution.
• Check the pH of each solution with indicator paper.

19. Which is the strongest Bronsted-Lowry acid? Al3+(aq) or Mg 2+(aq). Explain your answer.

• Add dilute sodium hydroxide solution to 3 mL of 0.1 M Al3+(aq) solution so that the
precipitate formed dissolves again.

20. Describe and explain what happened. Write the reaction equation.

21. What is the reason why [Al(H2 O)]− dissolves in water while Al(OH)3 (H2 O)3 does not?
dissolves.

• Repeat the experiment with 0.1 M Mg 2+ (aq) solution instead of 0.1 M Al3+ (aq)
solution. 0,1 M.

22. Describe and explain what happened. What is the reason why the precipitate did not
dissolve in excess sodium hydroxide solution?

23. What is the main difference between aluminum chemistry and magnesium chemistry?

ATTACHMENT

1. Reaction With Water

 Add Mg and Ca metal + Aquades (Mg metal) +Aquades (Ca metal)

Heated Mg and Ca metal

2. Acid-Base Properties

Add metal in test tube +Aquades + 2 drops universal indicator

 Test pH for Mg Test pH for Ca Test pH for Ba

3. Carbonate Thermal Stability

Add carbonate salt and lime Heat the carbonate salt Gas and cloudy lime water

4. Solubility Of Some Elements Of Alkaline Earth Compounds

Test for hydroxide ions Test for sulfate ions Test for carbonate ions