CT da Silva, BMA Dias, RE Araújo, EL Pellini… - Energies, 2021 - mdpi.

com

Electric forklifts are extremely important for the world’s logistics and industry. Lead acid batteries are
the most common energy storage system for electric forklifts; however, to ensure more energy
efficiency and less environmental pollution, they are starting to use lithium batteries. All lithium
batteries need a battery management system (BMS) for safety, long life cycle and better efficiency. This
system is capable to estimate the battery state of charge, state of health and state of function, but those
cannot be measured directly and must be estimated indirectly using battery models. Consequently,
accurate battery models are essential for implementation of advance BMS and enhance its accuracy.
This work presents a comparison between four different models, four different types of optimizers
algorithms and seven different experiment designs. The purpose is defining the best model, with the
best optimizer, and the best experiment design for battery parameter estimation. This best model is
intended for a state of charge estimation on a battery applied on an electric forklift. The nonlinear grey
box model with the nonlinear least square method presented a better result for this purpose. This
model was estimated with the best experiment design which was defined considering the fit to
validation data, the parameter standard deviation and the output variance. With this approach, it was
possible to reach more than 80% of fit in different validation data, a non-biased and little prediction
error and a good one-step ahead result.

Kaushik S Panara, Vivek R Mishra, A Patel, Tushar B Patel, Krunal R Dhivar

International Journal of Science Technology and Engineering 2 (4), 1-5, 2015

Mechanical fork lift is an improved and advance technology that helps brought about revolution in the
mechanical industries today all heavy engineering company uses it. Widespread use of the forklift truck
had revolutionized warehousing practices before the middle of the 20th century. A mixture of material
handling systems is in the use, exact from that entirely physical to the ones that are semi-automatic but
manually controlled. Forklifts have revolutionized warehouse work. They made it possible for one
person to move thousands of pounds at once. Well-maintained and safely operated forklifts make lifting
and transporting cargo infinitely easier. This is the general description of a normal forklift truck. To
enhances the technology further, this prototype module is constructed with remote technology, there
by the operator can walk along with the forklift for better visibility & the container can be placed
accurately (precision position). This increases the safety of the operator.

Yang Jie, Huang Fa-guo, Zhao Xin-jia

Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Intelligent Information Processing, 91-95, 2019

In order to ensure that the hydraulic manual forklift fork has sufficient strength, rigidity and good
structural performance during use. Now a certain type of hydraulic manual forklift fork produced by a
company is used as the research object. The 3D solid model of the fork is established by SolidWorks
software, and then the model is imported into ANSYS Workbench for static analysis. The strain is
1.0417mm and the stress is 495.72Mpa, the quality is 89.581kg, to meet the requirements of use. The
model was optimized by ANSYS Workbench, and then the static analysis of the optimization results
showed that the strain was 1.0431mm, the stress was 491.4Mpa, and the mass was 81.581kg. The
results showed that it met the requirements. This is of great significance for improving the safety,
stability and rationality of the hydraulic manual forklift fork and provides a data reference for future
improvements.

sciencedirect.com

Automatic visual guidance of a forklift engaging a pallet

Michael Seelinger, John-David Yoder

Robotics and Autonomous Systems 54 (12), 1026-1038, 2006

This paper presents the development of a prototype vision-guided forklift system for the automatic
engagement of pallets. The system is controlled using the visual guidance method of mobile camera-
space manipulation, which is capable of achieving a high level of precision in positioning and orienting
mobile manipulator robots without relying on camera calibration. The paper contains development of
the method, the development of a prototype forklift as well as experimental results in actual pallet
engagement tasks. The technology could be added to AGV systems enabling them to engage arbitrarily
located pallets. It also could be added to standard forklifts as an operator assist capability.

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Forklift safety, traffic engineering and intelligent transport systems: a case study

Tim Horberry, Tore J Larsson, Ian Johnston, John Lambert

Applied ergonomics 35 (6), 575-581, 2004

This paper details a forklift safety demonstration project undertaken at two manufacturing sites in
Victoria, Australia. The purpose of the work was both to help improve safety at the two sites, and, more
broadly, to develop, help implement and evaluate a series of human-centred design interventions
involving vehicles and pedestrian workers. The ‘before’ and ‘after’ case study presented here
summarises the background to the research and introduces the test sites. Thereafter, it describes the
overall nature of the safety interventions proposed and introduces the methods developed to assess
safety. For the traffic engineering interventions, positive safety results were found in terms of reductions
in the number of potentially hazardous interactions involving forklifts. Similarly, for the vehicle
interventions, the research found that forklift drivers and managers considered the newly developed
and installed Intelligent Transport Systems to be broadly acceptable in operational conditions, and the
systems’ intended safety benefits were well understood. The results are discussed and conclusions are
drawn regarding human factors aspects of forklift safety.

Juan M Massone, Roberto E Boeri

Engineering failure analysis 17 (5), 1062-1068, 2010

A large plywood manufacturing plant has a fleet of 20 forklifts in service. Recently, the failure of a
hydraulic hose of one forklift truck caused a sudden drop of the load being lifted. As a result of the
impact with the floor, one of the forks broke in two pieces inside the heel. The fracture surface
suggested the prior existence of fatigue cracks before failure. No cracks were detected on the forks
during routine inspections carried out by liquid penetrants few months before the accident. This drove
the plant management to carry out a detailed study of the …

Kolaib Tareq, Masri Amr, Shawahni Abdallah

Office machines are a set of mechanical, electrical and electronic that help to organize office,
administrative and engineering work, and accomplish it quickly, accurately and proficiently. Our forklift
is one of these machines that helps to perform some of the office work like save and transfer data and
information. It saves time and effort, and it substitute the need for the working labor. A forklift consists
of three major systems: the power system, driving system, and loading system. Our design here is more
concerned with the loading system. the machine design is mainly composed of electric motors, wheels,
gears, power screw and shafts. Shirley's Mechanical Engineering Design and Theory of Machines and
Mechanisms is the design book that is used in our calculations. as for the results the power source, will
be electrically powered with a battery working both as a source of power and a counterbalance for the
forklift. it will be able to carry a mass of ten kilograms (10 kg), while the dimensions are, total width of
the forklift is 0.3 m, total length is 0.3 m. and the package is lifted to a Height of 0.66 m