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Quark Model Misleads the Physics Today

Article · February 2020

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Global Journal of Physics Vol.., No.., Feb., 2020
www.gpcpublishing.org

Quark Model Misleads the Physics Today

Zhen-hua Mei
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology
#
53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China, mzh62@qust.edu.cn

Abstract
According to B. Feng’s theory, there is no fractional charge, or to say that an elementary particle (as proton or
electron) can’t be divided; a neutron is a composite particle composed of a proton and an electron. The mass
is formed when a photon moves in a circle.

Keywords
Kaluza-Klein theory; Origin of charge; Standard model; Big Bang; Cosmic evolution

SHORT COMMENT
“Quark” model was proposed by the representative figure, Murray Gell-Mann, in 1964 in Standard Model of
elementary particle physics and the model is still the mainstream of the world view up to present day.
Quark’s success is in its predicted baryon particles (by local gauge symmetry method) are all synthesized and
confirmed experimentally. These artificially synthesized particles are unstable in nature. Its significance is to
convince people that their quark model for describing elementary particle is undoubtedly correct. We must be
clear that this is not unique. The mass spectrum of elementary particles can also be obtained by other
schemes [1]. The reason why we don't want to believe in quarks is that it brings more contradictions, troubles,
disharmony and irrationality to physics. Although it now occupies the mainstream of science, still many
complaints are aroused all over the world. The general questions are that:
1. There are as many as 19 independent parameters including the mass of various kinds (colours and tastes)
of quarks are arbitrarily appointed.
2. The universal gravity can’t be included in or explained.
3. Lacking a relationship or explaination between baryons and leptons.
4. Things seem to be getting more and more complicated and messy in field of elementary particle physics.
The simple proton, neutron and electron consisted world becomes originated from 62 kinds of “elementary
particles” in standard model physics. The strange concept of gluon, virtual photon and graviton are
needed respectively, the Unified Field Theory seems hopeless from quark’s point of view.
It is important that quark model, as a fundamental theory of matter structure, can’t explain the origin of mass
and charge, and can’t unified the fields of four.
Gell-Mann’s quark model comes from a hypothesis that the all baryons are consisted of two kinds of charged
particles (quark A and quark B). In view of this, the possible results can be deducted mathematically.
First, in condition of the quark number equals to 2, we have equation set of,
A B 1
 , obviously, it is unsolvable.
A B  0
Second, in condition of the quark number equals to 3, we have equation set of,
2 A  B  1
 , obviously, there is only one solution. And A   2 , B   1 .
 A  2B  0 3 3
Third, in condition of the quark number equals to 4, we have two equation sets of,
3 A  B  1
 , which result as A   1 , B   1 , and
 2 A  2 B  0 2 2

3 A  B  0
 , which result as A   1 , B   3
2 A  2 B  1 4 4
Obviously, these two equations produce two conflicting results. Other more quark (> 4) conditions will lead to
more conflicts, and no needs to mention here.

1|Page gjpeditor@gmail.com
 Global Journal of Physics Vol.., No.., Feb., 2020
www.gpcpublishing.org
So, the mathematical results show us that every baryon must consist of three quarks, and quark A possess
fractional charge of 2/3, quark B possess fractional charge of –1/3. In the standard model, the two kinds of
quarks are divided into three colours and named respectively as: kind A contains the up quark, the top quark
and the charm quark; kind B contains the down quark, the bottom quark and the strange quark.
Of cause, if Gell-Mann’s the above hypothesis doesn’t hold, the results of fractional charge and three parts
dividing sight would not be true.
Compared with Gell-Mann’s, our B. Feng’s theory solved all the problems, it explained and calculated the
mass [1] and charge [2] of elementary particles fundamentally, unified the fields of four [3, 4]. The key point is
the derived result of charge formula, and shows here as,
3 hk1
e2 
64 c0
Where, the symbols are expressing their normal meaning; k1 act as the fractal dimension coefficient in fifth
dimensional space, and k1 = 0.9781465420.
The formula tells us that there is no fractional charge, or to say that an elementary particle (as proton or
electron) can’t be divided or any elementary particle must be charged with an integer charge; the neutron is a
composite particle composed of a proton and an electron. The mass is formed when a photon moves in a
circle.
Compared with B. Feng’s, the Gell-Mann’s model exposes many defects and deficiencies. The recognition of
quark model will seriously mislead physics today.

REFERENCES
[1] Mei, Z.H. 2017. B. Feng’s Theory: The Prediction of Mass Spectrum of Elementary Particles and the
Confidence of at Least 4-D Space-Time (Part 1). Journal of Physics & Astronomy. 5 (3), 126-132.
[2] Mei, Z.H. 2019. Fine-structure constant as pure geometric number among physical background. London
Journal of Research in Science: Natural and Formal. 19(2), 59-62.
[3] Mei, Z.H. 2018. B. Feng’s Theory (Part 2): The Origin of Charge and the Unified Field Theory-Going on
Kaluza-Klein’s. Journal of Physics & Astronomy. 6 (1), 131-139.
[4] Mei, Z.H.2018. B. Feng’s Theory (Part 3): Neutron Model and Nuclei Force Mechanism. Journal of
Physics & Astronomy. 6 (1), 143-149.

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