Practice Sheet/P1

Earth’s interior and

Earthquake

r
ja
By Sudarshan Gurjar

ur
G
an
r sh
da
Su
@

👉 Join Telegram - https://telegram.me/Sudarshan_Unacademy

👉 Unacademy Profile- https://unacademy.com/@gurjar18sud
👉 Youtube - https://youtube.com/@SudarshanGurjar
👉 Twitter - https://twitter.com/SudarshanGeo
👉 Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/sudarshangurjar/
👉 For more info - Visit https://sudarshangurjar.com/
Practice Sheet/P1 Earth’s interior and Earthquake By Sudarshan Gurjar
1. Consider the following statements :
1. In a seismograph, P waves are recorded earlier than S waves.
2. In P waves, the individual particles vibrate to and fro in the direction of wave propagation
whereas in S waves, the particles vibrate up and down at right angles to the direction of wave
propagation.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

r
ja
2. In the structure of planet Earth, below the mantle, the core is mainly made up of which
one of the following? [2009]

ur
(a) Aluminium (b) Chromium
(c) Iron (d) Silicon

G
3. Consider the following pairs: [2013 - I]
1. Electromagnetic radiation
2. Geothermal energy
3. Gravitational force
an
4. Plate movements
5. Rotation of the earth
6. Revolution of the earth
sh

Which of the above are responsible for bringing dynamic changes on the surface of the
earth?
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
(b) 1, 3, 5 and 6 only
r

(c) 2, 4, 5 and 6 only

da

(d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6

4. Consider the following statements: [2018-I]

Su

1. The Earth's magnetic field has reversed every few hundred thousand years.
2. When the Earth was created more than 4000 million years ago, there was 54% oxygen and
no carbon dioxide.
3. When living organisms originated, they modified the early atmosphere of the Earth.
@

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

5. Richter Scale is used to measure [Uttarakhand PCS (Mains) 2002]

(A) Intensity of Earthquake (B) Depth of Ocean
(C) Velocity of Space-craft (D) Height of a building

6. The intensity of Earthquakes is measured [UP Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015]

Practice Sheet/P1 Earth’s interior and Earthquake By Sudarshan Gurjar

(A) On the Richter scale
(B) On the Kelvin scale
(C) In decibel
(D) In pascal

7. During an Earthquake, which type of waves get generated? [Chhattisgarh PCS (Pre)
2013]
(A) B.S.L. (B) A.B.L.
(C) R.S.L. (D) P.S.L.

r
8. Seismometer measures [Uttarakhand Lower Sub. (Pre) 2010]

ja
(A) Heart beat (B) Height of trees
(C) Earthquake (D) None of the above

ur
9. Which one of the following statements about the 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and
the resulting Tsunami is not correct? [47th BPSC (Pre) 2005]

G
(A) The Earthquake originated due to slipping of about 1,200 km of fault line by 15 m along the
subduction zone where the India Plate subducts the Burma plate at the Sunda Trench (B) The
resulting tSunami devastated the shores ranging from the coast of Indonesia to the East coast
an
of Africa, some 8,500 km away from the epicentre
(C) As per the current estimates the quake-generated tSunami killed more than 50 lakh people,
in addition to unaccounted dead bodies swept out to sea
(D) Bangladesh had very few casualities because the quake-affected fault line was in a nearly
sh

North-South orientation, the greatest strength of the tSunami waves was in an East-West
direction

10. Which city of Japan had faced tsunami and nuclear radiation? [Uttarakhand PCS (Pre)
r

2010]
da

(A) Hiroshima (B) Tokyo

(C) Fukushima (D) Kobe
Su

11. The North-Western Region of the Indian Sub-continent is susceptible to Earthquake

activity because of [UPPCS (Mains) 2005]
(A) Volcanic activity (B) Plate tectonic activity
(C) Coral formation activity (D) All of the above
@

12. The ‘Ring of Fire’ is associated with

1. Earthquake 2. Volcanoes
3. Pacific Ocean 4. Forest Fires
Choose your answer with the help of code given below. [Tamil Nadu PSC (Pre) 2016
UPPCS (Pre) 2008] Code
(A) 1, 2 and 3 (B) 2 and 3
(C) 2 and 4 (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Practice Sheet/P1 Earth’s interior and Earthquake By Sudarshan Gurjar

13. Consider the following statements.
1. The Richter scale is a logarithmic scale and so an increase of 1 magnitude unit represents a
factor of 10 in amplitude.
2. Each integer reading of the Richter scale has an energy 100 times than the previous integer
reading.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? [IAS (Pre) 2006]
(A) Only 1 (B) Only 2
(C) Both 1 and 2 (D) Neither 1 nor 2

r
ja
14. Consider the following statement about Earthquake.
1. Intensity of Earthquake is measured on Mercalli Scale.

ur
2. Earthquake’s magnitude is measurement of energy released.
3. Magnitude of Earthquake depends directly upon amplitude of Earthquake waves.
4. Every integer on Richter Scale shows a 100 times increase in energy released.

G
Which of the statements are true? [IAS (Pre) 2001]
(A) 1, 2 and 3 (B) 2, 3 and 4
(C) 1 and 4 (D) 1 and 3
an
15. Which of the following scholar has suggested that the Earth has originated from the
gases and the dust particles– IAS PRE 1999
(a) James Jeans (b) H. Alfven
sh

(c) F. Hoyal (d) O. Schmidt

16. Which of the following Method is used to determine the age of the Earth –
U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2006
r

(a) Carbon dating for the age of the fossils.

da

(b) Germanium dating

(c) Uranium dating
(d) All of the above
Su

17. Continents have drifted apart because of- 53rd and 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011
(a) Volcanic eruptions
(b) Tectonic activities
@

(c) Folding and faulting of rocks

(d) All of the above

18. Read the following statement related to 'Earthquake shadow zone' and choose the
correct option: Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2020
Statement I : The shadow zone of one earthquake is totally different from the shadow zone of
another earthquake
Statement II : Seismometers record both 'P' and 'S' waves at any distance out of 105º from
earthquake's epicentre

Practice Sheet/P1 Earth’s interior and Earthquake By Sudarshan Gurjar

(a) Statement I and Statement II both are true
(b) Statement I is true, but Statement II is false
(c) Statement I is false, but Statement II is true
(d) Statement I and Statement II both are false

19. The place on earth's surface which records the seismic waves first, is called U.P.
R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017
(a) Focus (b) Epicentre
(c) Seismosite (d) None of the above

r
20. The North-Western Region of the Indian Sub-continent is susceptible to earthquake

ja
activity because of – U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005
(a) Volcanic activity

ur
(b) plate tectonic activity
(c) coral formation activity
(d) All of the above

G
an ANSWERS…

Answer 1: C
Statement 1 is correct: P waves, or Primary waves, are the first waves to arrive at a
seismograph. P waves are the fastest seismic waves and can move through solid, liquid, or gas.
They leave behind a trail of compressions and rarefactions on the medium they move through.
sh

P waves are also called pressure waves for this reason.

Statement 2 is correct: P waves are longitudinal waves, which means that the particle motion
occurs parallel to the direction of wave propagation. These waves are compression waves,
where particles oscillate back and forth in the same direction that the wave is traveling. As a
r

result, the individual particles vibrate to and fro in the direction of wave propagation. On the
da

other hand, S waves are transverse waves, where particle motion occurs perpendicular (at right
angles) to the direction of wave propagation. These waves cause the particles to move up and
down or side to side perpendicular to the direction of the wave. Therefore, in S waves, the
Su

particles vibrate up and down at right angles to the direction of wave propagation.

Answer 2: C
The core of earth is made up of nickle and iron.
@

Answer 3: D
From electromagnetic radiation to revolution of the earth, everything is responsible for
bringing dynamic changes on the surface of the earth. For example: Electromagnetic
radiation brings changes in the field of microwaves, wavelengths of radio, UV rays, infra
red rays, X rays and gamma rays. Geothermal energy is the heat received from the
earth’s core. This heat continuously flows outward. It transfers to the surrounding layers of
rock, the mantle. When temperature and pressure becomes very high some mantle rocks
melt becoming magma. It then either comes out as lava or heat up the nearby rocks and

Practice Sheet/P1 Earth’s interior and Earthquake By Sudarshan Gurjar

water which comes out as hot springs or geysers. Gravitationalforce is constantly working on
all physical bodies. It is giving weights to objects with mass and causes them to fall to the
ground when dropped. Plate movement is a dynamic change on the surface of the earth. It
explains many aspects of the interrelationship of volcanoes, earthquakes, climate change,
and the evolution of life itself. Everything about our planet is related either directly or
indirectly to plate tectonic. Rotation causes day and night. Revolution causes seasons,
change in the length of day and night.

Answer 4: C
NCERT Biology Class 12 page 127: “There was no atmosphere on early earth. Water vapour,

r
methane, carbondioxide and ammonia released from molten mass covered the surface.” So

ja
#2 is wrong, CO2 was present, we are left with (a) or (c). In both options first statement is
correct but experts were divided over third statement because early Early atmosphere of

ur
earth had no free oxygen, the (life) forms until then could at best be only “anaerobic”. So
those living organisms did not have capacity to alter the atmosphere, atleast not in a
significant manner.

G
Answer 5: A Answer 7: D an Answer 9: C Answer 11: B Answer 13: A

Answer 6: A Answer 8: C Answer 10: C Answer 12: A Answer 14: A

Answer 15: D
James Jeans is related to the tidal hypothesis of the origin of Earth. F. Hoyal and
sh

Littleton presented Nova hypothesis and Otto Schmidt gave the hypothesis of gas and
dust for the genesis of Earth. According to this hypothesis, large quantities of gas and dust
particles captured by the gravitational force of the sun formed the Earth.
r
da

Answer 16: C
The uranium dating method is used for determining the age of Earth.

Answer 17: B
Su

Continents rest on massive slabs of rocks called tectonic plates. These plates are always
moving and interacting in a process called Plate tectonic activity. Through these tectonic
activities, continents shift position on Earth’s surface. By about 175 million year ago the Pangea
(the Supercontinent) landmass began breaking up due to continental drift, theory. Slowly it
@

separated in pieces and assumed their position as the continent we recognize today.

Answer 18: B
Earthquake waves get recorded is seismographs. However, there exist some specifi c
areas where the waves are not reported. Such a zone is called the 'Shadowzone'. The
study of different events reveals that for each earthquake, there exists an altogether diff
erent shadow zone. Also seismometers record both 'P' and 'S' waves at any distance
within 105º from earthquake's epicentre.

Practice Sheet/P1 Earth’s interior and Earthquake By Sudarshan Gurjar

Answer 19: B
Earthquakes are vibrations of the Earth, caused by the rupture and sudden movement of rocks
that have been strained beyond their elastic limits.
(a) Focus – The point of origin of an earthquake.
(b) Epicentre–The point of the Earth's surface which is directly above the focus of an
earthquake. Hence it is where seismic waves are recorded first.
(c) Seismosite is a scientific instrument which was earlier used to measure seismic activity.

Answer 20: B
Northern-Western region of Indian Subcontinent is susceptible to earthquake activities

r
because it is situated at the border of plates. This area is convergence region of Indian

ja
Plate and Eurasian Plate. Coral formation activities and volcanic activities do not occur here.

ur
G
an
r sh
da
Su
@

Practice Sheet/P1 Earth’s interior and Earthquake By Sudarshan Gurjar